Journal of General Virology最新文献

{"title":"Marek's disease virus replication in chicken skin reconstructed <i>in vitro</i>: evidence for viral particles in corneocytes.","authors":"Laurent Souci, Mélanie Chollot, Katia Courvoisier-Guyader, Julia Lachner, Thibault Kervarrec, Julien Pichon, Julien Burlaud-Gaillard, Thibaut Larcher, David Pasdeloup, Leopold Eckhart, Caroline Denesvre","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002123","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marek's disease (MD) is a lethal lymphoma of chickens, which is caused by MD virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus. MDV infects epithelial cells of the skin appendages, notably feather follicles, replicates in these cells and is shed into the environment exclusively from these tissues. Here, we tested whether chicken skin equivalents (SEs) can be used to model MDV infection. Primary chicken keratinocytes were seeded on a suspension of fibroblasts in collagen and induced to terminally differentiate at the air-liquid interface. A recombinant MDV expressing the Katushka fluorescent protein (MDV-KAT) was introduced into SEs by seeding primary keratinocytes together with MDV-KAT-infected keratinocytes of the K8 cell line. KAT-mediated fluorescence increased during the culture of infected SEs, indicating virus infection and replication, while the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers was not significantly altered by MDV infection. MDV did not spread to the dermal compartment of SEs but localized to the upper layers of the epidermis. Viral particles were readily observed by electron microscopy in living keratinocytes and for the first time in cornified keratinocytes of the outermost layer of infected SEs, suggesting that viral elements can be released into the environment. Finally, we demonstrated that two fluorescent vaccine strains of MDV, Rispens and herpesvirus of turkey, can infect and replicate in SEs. Taken together, this study establishes chicken SEs as an <i>in vitro</i> model for essential steps of MDV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes from Burkina Faso can transmit the chikungunya virus and Zika virus of the African lineage, but not the Zika virus of the Asian lineage.","authors":"Aboubakar Sanon, Lanjiao Wang, Athanase Badolo, Leen Delang","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002103","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aedes aegypti</i> is the primary vector for the transmission of dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). While Burkina Faso has been facing an increase in DENV epidemics, no ZIKV or CHIKV outbreaks have been reported. Here, we, therefore, assessed the vector competence of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> mosquitoes from Burkina Faso for ZIKV and CHIKV transmission. <i>Ae. aegypti</i> mosquitoes from urban and peri-urban sites of Ouagadougou were orally infected via blood meal with different titres of a West African CHIKV strain and ZIKV strains of the Asian and African lineage. The infection rate for mosquitoes from both sites was ~65% for CHIKV, whereas the dissemination was 85% and 45%, respectively, in urban and peri-urban mosquitoes. The CHIKV transmission rates ranged between 14 and 18%. For the African lineage of ZIKV, the infection rate was higher for urban mosquitoes than peri-urban mosquitoes (100% vs. 80%), whereas the dissemination rate was 100% in mosquitoes from both sites. The transmission rates for African ZIKV ranged between 12 and 18% for both urban and peri-urban mosquitoes. In contrast to ZIKV of the African lineage, low infection rates (10-30%) and dissemination rates (14-50%) were observed with the Asian lineage of ZIKV. Additionally, mosquitoes from both sites could not transmit the ZIKV strain of the Asian lineage. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the capability of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> mosquitoes from Burkina Faso to transmit chikungunya virus and the pre-epidemic strain of Zika virus in their saliva, highlighting the importance of establishing surveillance for these viruses in Burkina Faso.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission routes of cluster 3 Tembusu virus in ducks and chickens.","authors":"Luzhao Li, Dawei Yan, Dun Shuo, Xiaona Shi, Minghao Yan, Chunxiu Yuan, Qiaoyang Teng, Bangfeng Xu, Xue Pan, Monique M van Oers, Qinfang Liu, Gorben P Pijlman, Zejun Li","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002106","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, primarily transmitted by <i>Culex</i> spp. mosquitoes. The 2010 outbreak of TMUV in ducks revealed that the virus had acquired direct contact and aerosol transmission routes, enabling its rapid spread in duck farms. Recently, cluster 3 TMUV has increasingly been isolated from chickens, ducks and geese. In this study, we examined the pathogenicity and transmission routes of the cluster 3 TMUV Shandong 2021 (SD) strain in ducks and chickens. Our results show that TMUV SD can infect both species, but only in ducks could TMUV be detected in throat and cloacal swabs. In ducks, the virus can spread without mosquito involvement to co-housed naïve birds, demonstrating direct transmission capability. Conversely, no virus shedding and direct transmission were observed in chickens, suggesting that mosquitoes are required for virus transmission between chickens. Indeed, <i>Culex pipiens</i> mosquitoes could become infected by biting chickens infected with the TMUV SD and transmit the virus to naïve chickens. Our results, for the first time, provide direct evidence that TMUV can be transmitted by mosquitoes in a laboratory setting. Furthermore, our findings indicate that viral excretion through the respiratory tract and/or digestive tract is essential for direct contact transmission of TMUV, which is a critical factor in the epidemic spread of TMUV. These insights into the transmission dynamics of a cluster 3 TMUV emphasize the importance of effective vector control and biosecurity measures in managing and preventing outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative clinical, virological and pathological characterization of equine rotavirus A G3P[12] and G14P[12] infection in neonatal mice.","authors":"Chandika Gamage, William Holl, Viviana Parreño, Côme J Thieulent, Udeni B R Balasuriya, M Aldana Vissani, Maria E Barrandeguy, Mariano Carossino","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002110","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group A rotavirus (RVA) infections are a leading cause of neonatal diarrhoea in foals. Neonatal mice could serve as a useful tool to study the pathogenesis of equine RVA (ERVA) as well as a preclinical model for assessment of vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the clinical, virological and pathological features of ERVA G3P[12] and G14P[12] infection in neonatal mice and compare them with porcine OSU G5P[7] and bovine UK G6P[5] RVA reference strains. Neonatal mice orally inoculated with equine, bovine and porcine RVA developed short-lived diarrhoea at variable rates, G14P[12] (61%) and G3P[12] (88%). Viral replication kinetics for all strains were characterized by a gradual decline in viral load to levels below the limit of detection by 72-96 h post-infection (hpi), in line with the reduction in the number of infected enterocytes demonstrated via RNAscope^® <i>in situ</i> hybridization. Importantly, the clinical and viral replication kinetics correlated with significant microscopic intestinal alterations characterized by enterocyte vacuolation, scalloping and hyperplasia with a peak occurring at 48 hpi and persisting until at least 96 hpi. Overall, neonatal mice develop a disease phenotype of short duration following infection with equine, porcine and bovine RVA strains characterized by diarrhoea and pronounced histological alterations in the intestinal villi. The limited intestinal viral replication is likely associated with host restriction. The clinical and pathological phenotypes developed by neonatal mice following experimental infection could serve as a preclinical tool to assess vaccine efficacy and for pathogenesis studies involving RVA of equine, porcine and bovine origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The saga to monitor and control norovirus: the rise of GII.17.","authors":"Gabriel I Parra, Kentaro Tohma, Lauren A Ford-Siltz, Kelsey A Pilewski, Joseph A Kendra","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002118","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups, with recent surges of cases in Europe and the USA reinforcing the influence of this virus on human health. Despite its societal impact, no vaccine or antiviral drug is available. The development of these countermeasures has been impaired at least in part by the extreme genetic and antigenic diversity of noroviruses. Here, we reviewed historical norovirus outbreaks, including the pandemics of GII.4 norovirus that were first documented in the mid-1990s, sporadic increases of non-GII.4 norovirus (e.g. GII.17 and GII.2) during the 2010s and, most recently, the ongoing large outbreaks caused by a new cluster of GII.17 noroviruses. This five-decade-long journey of tracking noroviruses in the human population illustrates the importance and challenges of battling this evolving virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and genetic characterization of a novel Kevo orbivirus and a strain of Mobuck virus from <i>Ochlerotatus communis</i> mosquitoes in Finland.","authors":"Maija T Suvanto, Phuoc T Truong Nguyen, Hanna Vauhkonen, Viktor Olander, Ruut Joensuu, C Lorna Culverwell, Katariina Kaansalo, Jussi Hepojoki, Olli Vapalahti, Essi M Korhonen, Teemu Smura, Eili Huhtamo","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002101","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Orbivirus</i> (<i>Reovirales</i>, <i>Sedoreoviridae</i>) comprises several globally important vector-borne animal viruses, such as <i>Culicoides-</i>borne bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Orbiviruses that are associated with mosquitoes are a diverse group including established mosquito-borne animal pathogens such as the Peruvian horse sickness virus and phylogenetically related less well-characterized viruses isolated mostly from mammals. Although reported from various geographic regions, these viruses have not previously been detected in northern Europe. Using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic tools, we identified two orbivirus strains from virus isolation trials of Finnish <i>Ochlerotatus communis</i> specimens performed in mosquito C6/36 cells. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequence data suggested one of the isolates to represent a strain of Mobuck virus (MBV), previously described in the USA from a diseased white-tailed deer coinfected with EHDV. The second isolate, which originated from Kevo in northern Finland, was found divergent from all publicly available orbivirus sequences and was tentatively named as Kevo orbivirus (KEVOOV). Further studies are required to investigate the potential animal disease associations of the newly detected orbiviruses KEVOOV and MBV in Finland and possibly wider in Northern Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binomial names for virus species: the rediscovery of an old idea.","authors":"Stuart G Siddell, Donald B Smith","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002102","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses now mandates that all virus species names be presented in a binomial format. This requirement replaces the various naming formats that have been used since the first official virus taxonomy Report was published in 1971. A review of virus classification schemes as they have developed over the past century shows that, although there was an initial inclination to adopt a Linnaean binomial nomenclature, various other naming formats were gradually introduced for practical and scientific reasons. However, as our understanding of viruses has advanced - especially with the increasing availability of genomic sequences - the arguments for these alternative formats (such as that viruses were not living or that they evolved too quickly) have diminished. The nomenclature for virus species now aligns more closely with the conventions used in other areas of biology, the format having nearly come full circle from its beginnings a century ago.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual (2024) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm <i>Riboviria</i>: kingdom <i>Orthornavirae</i>: phylum <i>Negarnaviricota</i>).","authors":"Jens H Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Sergey V Alkhovsky, Wenxia An, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Katarina Bačnik, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Éric Bergeron, Nadine Biedenkopf, Carol D Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Steven B Bradfute, Thomas Briese, Katherine Brown, Paul A Brown, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Charles H Calisher, Sten Calvelage, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Anya Crane, Laura N Cuypers, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, William M de Souza, Rik L de Swart, Humberto J Debat, Nolwenn M Dheilly, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, J Felix Drexler, W Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, Andrew J Easton, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Mirette I Y Eshak, Guozhong Feng, Andrew E Firth, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Conrad M Freuling, Tuija Gadd, Selma Gago-Zachert, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Tony L Goldberg, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H Groschup, Sophie Gryseels, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Stephan Günther, John Hammond, Jussi Hepojoki, Masayuki Horie, Adam J Hume, Timothy H Hyndman, Dirk Höper, Dàohóng Jiāng, Sandra Junglen, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Denis Kutnjak, Lies Laenen, Amy J Lambert, Benhur Lee, Chengyu Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Jun-Min Li, Igor S Lukashevich, Piet Maes, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Shin-Yi L Marzano, John W McCauley, Nataša Mehle, Ali Mirazimi, Toshiyuki Morikawa, Elke Mühlberger, Thomas Müller, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A Navarro, Yutaro Neriya, Sergey V Netesov, Vittorio M Nicoloso, Gabriele Neumann, Tiina Nokireki, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R T Nunes, Francisco M Ochoa-Corona, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Colin R Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Anja Pecman, Daniel R Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Richard K Plemper, Thomas S Postler, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Pedro L Ramos-González, Maja Ravnikar, Renato O Resende, Gábor Reuter, Carina A Reyes, Mark Paul Selda Rivarez, Víctor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A Runstadler, Ana Ruiz-Padilla, Sead Sabanadzovic, Maria S Salvato, Takahide Sasaya, Connie S Schmaljohn, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus, Martin Schwemmle, Gabrijel Seljak, Torsten Seuberlich, Mang Shi, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Donald B Smith, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, Ayato Takada, Chika Takemura, Niina Tammiranta, Robert B Tesh, Natalie J Thornburg, Nicole D Tischler, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E Tzanetakis, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Bert Vanmechelen, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Ana Vučurović, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Fei Wang, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Yuri I Wolf, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Gongyin Ye, Mei Chun Yu, F Murilo Zerbini, Song Zhang, Arnfinn Lodden Økland, Holly R Hughes","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002077","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April 2024, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum <i>Negarnaviricota</i> was expanded by 1 new order, 1 new family, 6 new subfamilies, 34 new genera and 270 new species. One class, two orders and six species were renamed. Seven families and 12 genera were moved; ten species were renamed and moved; and nine species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of <i>Negarnaviricota</i> as currently accepted by the ICTV, providing an essential annual update on the classification of members of this phylum that deepen understandings of their evolution, and supports critical public health measures for virus identification and tracking.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H5N1 2.3.4.4b: a review of mammalian adaptations and risk of pandemic emergence.","authors":"Fernando Capelastegui, Daniel H Goldhill","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002109","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian influenza viruses can cause severe disease when they spill over into mammalian and human hosts. H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has spread globally since 2021, decimating avian species, and has spilled over into mammalian species, causing sporadic infections and fatal outbreaks in sea lions, cats, mink and dairy cattle. Increased human cases of H5N1 are fuelling concern that H5N1 could soon adapt to become a new pandemic virus. Adaptive mutations have emerged following spillover, which support H5N1 outbreaks in mammalian populations and include changes to the PB2 such as E627K, D701N, M631L and T271A. Further changes to haemagglutinin, altering binding preference to human-like <i>α</i>2,6 sialic acid receptors have yet to be seen. Here, we review the adaptations that have emerged in mammals throughout the 2.3.4.4b outbreak and the molecular mechanisms behind these mutations to assess the pandemic risk of this virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal prevalence and characterization of the lineage I insect-specific flavivirus, Quang Binh virus, isolated from <i>Culex gelidus</i> mosquitoes in Singapore.","authors":"Christopher Chong Wei Ang, Angelica Ting Yi Ang, Jerald Yam, Rou Xuan Lee, Ming Jie Lim, Zhi Yang Loh, Majhalia Torno, Luqman Hakim, Judith Chui Ching Wong, Jessica J Harrison, Jody Hobson-Peters, Cheong Huat Tan, Yin Xiang Setoh","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002105","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) are a group of orthoflaviviruses that can replicate efficiently in arthropods but are unable to replicate in vertebrate hosts. This contrasts with medically important orthoflaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV). Using the established monoclonal antibody against viral RNA intermediates in cell assay, we report the first isolation of an ISF, Quang Binh virus (QBV), in Singapore from three pools of <i>Culex gelidus</i> mosquitoes. To determine the spatiotemporal prevalence of QBV, a total of 17,070 mosquitoes, represented as 721 pools, were screened using a QBV-specific reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assay, revealing 36 QBV-positive pools of mosquitoes detected mainly along the northern coastal regions of Singapore. Repeated detections over 12 months in a north-western nature reserve suggest local stable establishment of the virus. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses show that QBV sequences from the Singapore group together with other Southeast Asian sequences and that <i>Cx. gelidus</i>-derived sequences are phylogenetically distinct from those derived from <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i>. We also present <i>in vitro</i> evidence that QBV is able to suppress DENV2 and WNV_KUN in C6/36 cells by 2.9 logs and 1.8 logs, respectively. This report represents the first known spatiotemporal study of an ISF and highlights QBV's potential as a biological control against medically important orthoflaviviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}