Journal of General Virology最新文献

{"title":"Core protein mutations are key determinants of hepatitis B virus replication during the hepatitis B e antigen-negative stage.","authors":"Diego Flichman, María Cecilia García, Hugo Norberto Granchetti, Rodolfo Campos, María Mercedes Elizalde","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002303","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection comprises distinct stages resulting from virus-host interactions. A late and pivotal event in this process is hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, marked by the abrogation of HBeAg expression, a significant reduction in viral load and the accumulation of mutations throughout the genome, particularly within the Core region. While HBeAg loss is associated with mutations in the basal core promoter and preCore regions, these alone do not account for the decreased viral load observed during this stage. To elucidate the contribution of Core variability to HBV replicative capacity, we engineered replication-competent chimeric genomes by reciprocally exchanging the core gene between a WT clone and three HBeAg-negative patient-derived isolates. These constructs were functionally characterized in Huh-7 cells to assess replication intermediates, antigen expression and viral transcriptional activity. Our findings demonstrate that mutations within the Core protein can either impair or enhance HBV replication, depending on their specific mutational patterns. Importantly, all viral replication intermediates were restored to WT levels when the WT Core protein was introduced into the HBeAg-negative genomes. Strong positive correlations between covalently closed circular DNA (CCC DNA) and other viral markers indicate that the Core protein exerts its regulatory effect primarily through regulation of CCC DNA levels. Notably, the absence of Core expression increased CCC DNA transcriptional activity, supporting a repressive role of the WT Core protein in gene expression. Collectively, these findings highlight the pivotal regulatory role of Core protein mutations in modulating HBV replication dynamics and gene expression during the HBeAg-negative phase and underscore its potential as a promising target for novel antiviral strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced recovery of terminal sequences of viral RNAs via fine-tuning of the high-throughput sequencing library preparation and evidence of a non-templated nucleotide addition at the 3' end of the minus strand in members of the genus <i>Ilarvirus</i>.","authors":"Dennis Knierim, Paolo Margaria","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002331","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have transformed life sciences by enabling rapid, large-scale analysis of nucleic acids, providing unprecedented insights into genomics and transcriptomics. Accurate determination of RNA termini remains, however, a major challenge. We have addressed this limitation by fine-tuning a commercial HTS library preparation protocol. The optimized strategy was validated on plant virus isolates representing diverse taxonomic groups and genome architectures and benchmarked against conventional RACE, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness. Investigations in members of the genus <i>Ilarvirus</i> allowed to prove the occurrence of non-templated nucleotide additions at the 3' end of the minus-strand viral RNAs <i>in vivo</i>, expanding previous results obtained <i>in vitro</i> in related members in the <i>Bromoviridae</i> and supporting that this feature may be common across the family.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the contribution of the minor envelope complex glycoprotein 3 ectodomain to the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 neutralizing antibody response.","authors":"Jack W P Hayes, Jane C Edwards, Kristel Ramirez Valdez, Sylvia Crossley, Rory C F de Brito, Danish Munir, Kevan Hanson, Kostas Paschos, Krunal Polra, Jeongho An, Jay G Calvert, Marie Bonnet Di Placido, Jonathan F Lovell, Robin Shattock, John A Hammond, Raymond J Owens, Simon P Graham","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002328","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) cause significant economic losses to the global swine industry. Current live attenuated vaccines are unable to effectively control PRRSV infection, and strain variability, driven by rapid mutation, complicates the development of improved vaccines. Identification of the targets of broadly neutralizing antibodies is crucial for guiding next-generation vaccine design, yet PRRSV glycoproteins bearing conserved neutralizing epitopes remain poorly defined. To address this, recombinant soluble forms of PRRSV-1 envelope glycoproteins, GP2, GP3 and GP4, were produced using mammalian cells. The screening of serum from hyperimmune pigs demonstrated GP3 as the most highly recognized of the three glycoproteins. Fluorescently tagged GP3-tetramers were utilized to isolate single B cells from a hyperimmune pig via flow cytometry. Immunoglobulin VH and VL regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Fifteen unique heavy and light chain pairs were cloned and expressed as recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs were evaluated for specificity, cross-reactivity and neutralizing capacity. Antigenic sites targeted by GP3-specific mAbs were mapped to several conserved linear sequences, but mAbs did not exhibit virus neutralizing activity <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting that these may serve as decoy epitopes. An immunogenicity study with recombinant GP3, delivered as a protein subunit or via an RNA vector, also demonstrated a lack of neutralizing antibody response despite high GP3-binding antibody titres. Collectively, these data suggest that antibodies directed against the isolated PRRSV-1 GP3 ectodomain are unlikely to contribute substantially to neutralization. However, the workflow established for isolating porcine mAbs could be utilized in future research to further dissect the neutralizing antibody response to PRRSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylodynamic reconstruction of global evolution and geographic structure of maize chlorotic mottle virus.","authors":"Jianguo Shen, Yujie Jin, Shayidan Wufuer, Zhenguo Du, Fangluan Gao","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002323","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) represents a major quarantine pathogen that poses a serious threat to global maize production, yet its spatiotemporal evolutionary dynamics remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we reconstructed the global molecular epidemiology of MCMV by analysing 117 complete genome and 214 coat protein (CP) gene sequences. We employed whole-genome data for Bayesian phylodynamic inference while utilizing CP sequences for phylogenetic reconstruction and population genetic analyses. Our phylodynamic analyses estimated a mean evolutionary rate of 2.07×10^-4 substitutions per site per year, with the global most recent common ancestor traced to the Americas around 1938. Following its emergence, the MCMV population diversified into two major clades: a basal American lineage (Clade I) and a recently emerged, rapidly diversifying lineage (Clade II, originating ~1952). Within Clade II, we identified a monophyletic East African cluster - representing the most extensively sampled geographic population - that is phylogenetically nested within a broader assemblage of Asian isolates. This East African population, dating to the mid-1980s, exhibits signatures of a recent founder effect, characterized by minimal intra-regional genetic differentiation and lower nucleotide diversity (<i>π</i>=0.003) relative to Asian (0.008) and American (0.026) populations. Phylodynamic demographic reconstructions reveal that regional establishment in East Africa coincided with a pronounced global expansion in effective population size (<i>N</i> _e) from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s, subsequently followed by demographic stabilization. These findings provide structural and temporal insights into the global population structure and spatiotemporal dynamics of MCMV, establishing a foundation for international surveillance strategies and phytosanitary control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent effects of recombinant spike protein-based vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics and the emergence of variants in hamster models.","authors":"Kyuyoung Shim, Jeong Hwa Choi, Eun-Ha Hwang, Green Kim, Gyu-Seo Bae, Eunsu Jeon, Seung Ho Baek, Hee-Sung Kim, Seok Hwan Kim, Dae-Soo Kim, Kiwon Jang, Jung Joo Hong, Bon-Sang Koo","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to circulate globally through the persistent emergence of novel variants. Vaccination has been regarded as one of the selective environments that can influence SARS-CoV-2 evolution by exerting immune pressure. This study investigated the evolutionary dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in hamsters immunized with varying doses of a full-length spike protein vaccine, potentially reflecting the heterogeneous levels of immunity. In hamster models, higher vaccine doses prevented viral replication in the lungs but only partially suppressed replication in the nasal passages. After excluding intra-host single-nucleotide variants (iSNVs) detected in non-vaccinated controls, a negative binomial model adjusting for read depth revealed a significant vaccine dose-dependent increase in iSNV occurrence in the Spike, ORF1a, ORF1b and ORF3a genes in nasal samples and positive selection signals were predominantly observed in the highest vaccine dose group. The iSNVs were observed in diverse and distinct combinations that were unique to each individual, reflecting host-specific intra-host mutation patterns. Some aa substitutions detected in at least two individuals in the vaccinated group were more frequently observed in the Omicron variant. <i>In silico</i> analyses incorporating individual-specific iSNVs demonstrated that reduced binding affinity to class 1 and 3 neutralizing antibodies was observed exclusively in variants identified from certain vaccinated individuals. In conclusion, these findings indicate that heterogeneous vaccine-induced immune pressure can shape intra-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution in a dose-dependent and host-specific manner and highlight the potential role of partial immunity and increased iSNVs in the upper respiratory tract in driving the emergence of putative immune-evasive viral variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycosphingolipids are essential entry factors for non-influenza orthomyxoviruses.","authors":"Lorena Lozano-Montalbá, Zoé Denis, Valérie Courgnaud, Jorge Moreno-García, Karim Majzoub, Rafael Sanjuán, Jérémy Dufloo","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thogotoviruses and quaranjaviruses are arthropod-borne orthomyxoviruses that circulate widely in wildlife and domestic animals and include several zoonotic members. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship to influenza viruses, the mechanisms underlying their replication remain poorly understood, and the host factors mediating viral entry are unknown. Here, we performed genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 screens using replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses expressing thogoto- and quaranjavirus glycoproteins to identify cellular determinants of viral entry. These screens identified the glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis pathway as a key regulator of viral entry, with the upstream enzyme uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) emerging as a central host entry factor. Pharmacological inhibition of UGCG impaired thogoto- and quaranjavirus entry. The importance of GSL biosynthesis for thogotovirus replication was further validated using multiple thogotovirus isolates. Together, our findings establish GSLs as critical host entry factors for non-influenza orthomyxoviruses and identify UGCG as a potential target for antiviral intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formic acid treatment drastically reduces sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease infectivity in histological samples as tested in a high-sensitivity mouse bioassay.","authors":"Juan Carlos Espinosa, Sara Canoyra, Natalia Fernández-Borges, Alba Marín-Moreno, Juan María Torres","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002312","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Formic acid treatment is widely used in diagnostic neuropathology to reduce the infectivity of prion-containing tissues; however, quantitative <i>in vivo</i> evidence supporting its effectiveness under routine laboratory conditions remains limited. Here, we assessed the impact of formalin fixation and formic acid treatment on the infectivity of type 1 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and variant CJD (vCJD) prions using highly sensitive transgenic mouse models overexpressing human-PrP M129 (Hu-Tg340) or bovine PrP (Bo-Tg110). Brain tissues were processed under conditions closely resembling standard histopathological workflows and tested as untreated, formalin-fixed or formalin-plus-formic-acid-treated inocula. Untreated samples produced short incubation times and full attack rates, whereas formalin fixation caused only a modest prolongation of incubation times. In contrast, formic acid treatment markedly extended incubation times and reduced attack rates for sCJD. Based on incubation-time interpolation, the estimated infectivity reductions were on the order of 4.4 log₁₀ for vCJD and 5 log₁₀ for sCJD. These estimates indicate a major reduction in infectious titre under the conditions tested, although residual infectivity was still detected. The findings support formic acid treatment as an important risk-reduction step in routine neuropathology workflows for the two prion strains examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: <i>Kitaviridae</i> 2026.","authors":"Pedro L Ramos-González, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jun-Min Li, Antonio Tiberini, Avijit Roy, Caixia Yang","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002277","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The family <i>Kitaviridae</i> comprises plant-infecting viruses with segmented, positive-sense (+), ssRNA genomes, most of which are polyadenylated at the 3'-end. Members are classified into different genera based on their genome organization. Virions are short bacilliform, ellipsoidal or quasi-spherical and, in some species, enveloped. Transmission occurs via <i>Brevipalpus</i> mites (for members of the genera <i>Cilevirus</i> and <i>Higrevirus</i>) or eriophyid mites (for some members of the genus <i>Blunervirus</i>). Infections are typically localized due to the lack of or inefficient systemic viral movement. Kitavirids cause economically important plant diseases, including citrus leprosis. Phylogenetically, kitavirids are closely related to unclassified arthropod-infecting viruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family <i>Kitaviridae</i>, which is available at ictv.global/report/kitaviridae.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered fluorescence for live diagnostics and quantification of poxvirus infection.","authors":"Sian Lant, Joe A Holley, Rebecca P Sumner, David O Ulaeto, Carlos Maluquer de Motes","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002311","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global resurgence of human and animal poxviral diseases calls for diagnostic innovation. Here, we explored a novel strategy to quantitate poxvirus infection in living cells through an integrated reporter system specifically activated by infectious particles. Combining constitutive expression of green fluorescence protein (<i>gfp</i>) transcripts flanked by poxvirus transcriptional elements and retrovirus reverse transcriptase (RT), we developed a continuous stable cell line where fluorescence was driven by poxvirus transcriptional machinery upon recognition of reverse-transcribed <i>gfp</i> transcripts in the cytosol. Constitutively expressed <i>gfp</i> transcripts were reverse-complemented to prevent direct translation in the absence of poxvirus infection. Maloney murine leukaemia virus (MMLV) RT was selected for its exclusively cytosolic localization and superior activity. GFP-positive cells were detected only in the presence of reporter cassette and RT and upon infection with vaccinia, cowpox and ectromelia viruses, but not herpes simplex virus, confirming specificity for poxviruses. RNA fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridization experiments revealed that only cells with high positive-sense <i>gfp</i> transcript copy number turned GFP-positive, suggesting a threshold determined by RT activity during poxvirus infection. Nonetheless, positivity was dependent on genome replication, suggesting detection of infectious virus. Our study integrates multiple biotechnological advances to timely pioneer a novel fluorescence-based strategy to diagnose and quantitate virus infection and provides proof-of-concept to produce a reporter gene in its cDNA form in the cytosol of cells, where poxviruses and asfarviruses replication takes place. Subsequent activation by live poxviruses offers distinctive advantages over other detection methods, including the measurement of infectious virus in an automated system with minimal operating requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pericyte dysfunction alone may be insufficient to drive tick-borne orthoflavivirus non-structural protein 1-mediated microvascular permeability.","authors":"Emma Brown, Justin Duruanyanwu, Paola Campagnolo, Kevin Maringer","doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.002325","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jgv.0.002325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emerging tick-borne flaviviruses Alkhumra haemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) and Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) can cause severe haemorrhagic disease, yet the mechanisms driving this vascular leakage remain unclear. The microvascular capillaries and post-capillary venules affected during orthoflavivirus-related haemorrhagic disease consist of an endothelial cell (EC) barrier ensheathed in and supported by perivascular cells (pericytes), and we recently identified a critical role for pericytes in amplifying dengue microvascular dysfunction. The orthoflavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and vascular leakage for several tick- and mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Here, we examined whether NS1 from AHFV and KFDV disrupts microvascular barrier integrity in pericyte-EC cocultures. We found AHFV and KFDV NS1 to disrupt the ability of pericytes to support EC function, which is required for maintenance of the microvascular barrier. However, under our experimental conditions, we detected no endothelial hyperpermeability upon NS1 treatment in ECs cultured alone or in combination with pericytes. Our findings suggest that the concomitant impairment of both EC and pericyte function may be required for NS1 to induce microvascular hyperpermeability. Our work highlights the potentially synergistic effects of microvascular cells during orthoflavivirus haemorrhage and emphasizes the need for further work into the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction during AHFV and KFDV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Virology","volume":"107 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}