Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Neurobehavioral outcomes in pediatric smartphone users: An observational study among a cohort of school-going children from a cantonment town of West Bengal.","authors":"Gaurav Kulshrestha, Rahul Sinha, Ram Kumar Gupta, Tania Pan, Sweta Suman","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_928_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_928_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid proliferation of smartphones and digital devices among children has raised concerns about potential neurobehavioral consequences. This study aimed to assess screen time usage patterns and their association with neurobehavioral problems among school-going children in West Bengal, India.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 777 school-going children (270 preadolescents aged 6-9 years; 507 adolescents aged 10-18 years) from a cantonment town in West Bengal. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics, screen time, and neurobehavioral assessment using the Child Behavior Checklist. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-test, Chi-square test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, with <i>P</i> < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median cumulative screen time was 7.0 h daily across both age groups, substantially exceeding recommended guidelines. Preadolescents showed significantly higher cumulative screen time (6.83 ± 2.11 vs. 6.44 ± 2.21 h, <i>P</i> = 0.016) and greater engagement in gaming activities (3.08 ± 1.32 vs. 2.50 ± 1.12 h, <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared to adolescents. Overall, 31.5% of children exhibited borderline-to-clinical range neurobehavioral problems, with attention problems being most prevalent (18.3%). Preadolescents demonstrated higher rates of total problems (37.8% vs. 28.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.003) and externalizing behaviors, while adolescents showed more social difficulties. Strong dose-response relationships were observed between recreational screen time and neurobehavioral problems across both age groups, with children having clinical range problems showing significantly higher gaming exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Excessive screen time is significantly associated with neurobehavioral problems in Indian children, with age-specific vulnerability patterns. These findings highlight an urgent need for evidence-based digital wellness guidelines and interventions to protect child mental health in the digital era.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3982-3989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of cardiac autonomic functions with inflammatory markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","authors":"Shazia Haque Arshad, Pravati Pal, Manju Rajaram, Karthika Priyadharshini Udayakumar, Visakamutharasi Murugiah, Karthik Shanmugavel","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2077_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2077_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disorder. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein, a sensitive biomarker of COPD and other inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen, were found to be elevated in these patients. Autonomic dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiological mechanism of COPD. This study aimed to understand the association of autonomic function with inflammatory markers in COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with COPD aged 40-70 years (<i>n</i> = 52) were recruited from the pulmonary medicine department. Their heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary function test (PFT), and inflammatory markers such as MMP-9, IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen were measured and compared with age-matched apparently healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 50). The association between autonomic function and inflammatory markers was analyzed by correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the COPD patients, the PFT parameters were significantly reduced compared to controls; the HRV parameters showed reduced vagal tone and higher sympathetic tone and sympathovagal imbalance. The inflammatory markers were increased in COPD subjects. MMP-9, IL-6, and CRP were significantly and negatively correlated with total power, the markers of vagal tone and CRP was significantly and positively correlated with the marker of sympathovagal imbalance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study found that in the COPD subjects, there was reduced vagal tone and higher sympathetic tone with sympathovagal imbalance. The inflammatory markers were increased and were negatively correlated with vagal tone and positively correlated with sympathovagal imbalance in COPD subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3711-3716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring breast cancer knowledge, screening practices, needs among rural women, and challenges of community health workers in breast cancer screening in Tamil Nadu: A community-based mixed-method approach.","authors":"Vinothkumar Gunasekaran, Dorthy Vedanayagame, Saravanan Vaithiyalingam, V Murugan","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_422_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_422_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among the women with high mortality in India. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of BC, understand the perceptions and practises of BC screening, to do a need assessment of the people in the community regarding BC screening and to identify the challenges faced by the community health workers in BC screening.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A community-based mixed-method study was conducted at Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, from November 2023 to August 2024, and primary data were collected from 401 women aged 18-55 years. Structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The need assessment on breast cancer screening was conducted by focus group discussions (FGD). Key informant interviews were conducted to explore the challenges faced by field workers in BC screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 71.3% of the women were aware of breast cancer. The women who were aware of BC considered lump in breast (78.3%) as the most common symptom. More awareness programs, organising screening camps at the community level, affordable cost of screening tests were some of the needs addressed during the FGD. Lack of motivation among the women, ignorance due to absence of symptoms, shyness were some of the challenges faced by the community health workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge of symptoms and screening practises of BC were low which necessitates the enhancement of knowledge on breast cancer among the rural women which in turn will lead to early diagnosis of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3920-3927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug adherence attitude in patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression: Insights from a cross-sectional study in central India.","authors":"Varchasvi Mudgal, Priyash Jain, Akanksha Singh, Mohd Rashid Alam","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2108_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2108_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication adherence in patients with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder is a critical factor influencing treatment outcomes. Despite remission, medication adherence remains a challenge, with various clinical and sociodemographic factors potentially affecting patient attitudes toward drug compliance. Understanding these factors can help tailor interventions to improve adherence and provide a better primary care.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess drug adherence attitudes and identify factors influencing adherence in patients with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder currently in remission.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients diagnosed with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder in remission. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected through structured interviews. Drug adherence was measured using the Drug Adherence Inventory scale. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors correlating with drug adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that older age, male gender, and formal education were significantly associated with better drug adherence. Clinically, a higher number of episodes were linked to improved adherence as patients with more episodes demonstrated better compliance. Other clinical factors, including comorbidities and medication type, did not significantly impact adherence attitudes. The study highlighted the importance of sociodemographic factors in shaping drug adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sociodemographic factors, particularly age, gender, and education, play a significant role in medication adherence among patients with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. The number of episodes also positively impacts adherence, suggesting that patients with frequent episodes may develop stronger commitment to treatment. Targeted interventions, addressing these factors, could improve medication adherence and patient outcomes in these populations. Further research is needed to explore personalized approaches for enhancing drug adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3682-3691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of establishing a family medicine OPD at a tertiary care level hospital in North India.","authors":"Pragyan P Parija, Nitesh Kumar, Meeta Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_976_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_976_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment of a dedicated Family Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) at a tertiary care hospital in North India marks a significant step toward delivering comprehensive, patient-centered care. This initiative bridges the gap between super specialty care and a holistic model addressing the diverse needs of individuals and families across all ages. This article outlines the challenges encountered during the inception and operational phases, including system integration, educating patients and staff, and resource allocation. Evidence-based approaches such as fostering interdepartmental collaboration, continuous staff training, patient education, and leveraging technology were adopted to overcome these hurdles. family medicine OPD has improved care coordination, reduced specialist workload, and enhanced patient satisfaction. The OPD also serves as a crucial training platform for medical students and residents. Expanding services, integrating subspecialty clinics, enhancing telemedicine, and conducting research to strengthen family medicine's role in the tertiary care are planned in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3642-3645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of vitamin D with depression and anxiety in polycystic ovary syndrome in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Rehab A Karam, Amal F Gharib, Amani A Alrehaili, Maha M Bakhuraysah, Hayaa M Alhuthali, Tamer Saber, Tamer M Abdelrahman","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1991_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1991_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder linked to metabolic and psychological complications, particularly anxiety and depression. Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized as contributing to mental health disorders, but its role within the PCOS population remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Saudi women with PCOS. Additionally, socio-demographic and clinical factors affecting mental health in this population were examined.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study involved 120 Saudi women aged 18-45 years, including 60 women with PCOS and 60 healthy age-matched controls. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Serum vitamin D levels and other relevant biomarkers were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PCOS group had significantly lower vitamin D levels than controls. In PCOS patients, vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with higher odds of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] =8.50, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and depression (OR = 7.00, <i>P</i> = 0.003). Serum vitamin D levels showed strong negative correlations with anxiety (<i>r</i> = -0.79, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and depression (<i>r</i> = -0.56, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Anxiety was also linked to low education, obesity, and infertility, while depression was associated with obesity, hirsutism, and infertility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings reveal a significant association between low vitamin D levels and heightened anxiety and depression symptoms in Saudi women with PCOS. These results underscore the potential benefit of addressing vitamin D deficiency as part of mental health management strategies in PCOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3703-3710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing complementary feeding practices using WHO 2021 Indicators: Insights from Delhi's socioeconomic groups.","authors":"Komal Rathi, Neena Bhatia, G S Toteja","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_411_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_411_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explores complementary feeding practices in diverse socioeconomic settings in Delhi, India, focusing on the critical developmental period of children aged 6-23 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 439 mother-child pairs from urban slum, low-income (LIG), and middle-income (MIG) backgrounds in Delhi's National Capital Territory. Complementary feeding practices were assessed using the latest WHO 2021 IYCF indicators, with statistical analysis carried out via STATA version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIG demonstrated better feeding practices compared to urban slum and LIG areas, but all groups exhibited suboptimal complementary feeding practices. Alarmingly low levels of minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were found across all groups, with only 17% of children in MIG, 8.7% in LIG, and 10% in urban slum meeting MAD standards. Over 22% of children consumed unhealthy snacks, and more than 65% did not consume fruits or vegetables the previous day, pointing to significant gaps in diet diversity and nutrient adequacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the urgent need to address disparities in feeding practices and the growing consumption of unhealthy foods across income groups. Targeted behavior change programs, delivered through accessible platforms, are essential to improving child nutrition and fostering healthy feeding practices, regardless of socioeconomic status.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3823-3829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis attending a teaching hospital in South India.","authors":"Prathiba Mahadevaiah, Pareyam Pooja, Ravi G Siddappa, Praveen Doddamani, Raksha Yoganand","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_410_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_410_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are transmitted enterically causing severe viral hepatitis in developing countries. Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) of variable severity in adults along with asymptomatic infection, typically in children, are the two main health issues caused by fecal-orally transmitted hepatitis in our nation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine the prevalence, epidemiology, and biochemical correlation in AVH due to HAV and HEV. This study aims to study co-infection of HAV and HEV in AVH patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two years (January 2023-January 2025) of retrospective cross-sectional research were successfully executed in the Department of Microbiology at ESICMC and PGIMSR Rajajinagar, in Bangalore. In this research, 320 individuals who presented with AVH were taken into consideration. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to analyze blood samples for immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-HAV along with IgM anti-HEV to detect HAV and HEV, respectively, as per the history.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Demographic data along with clinical information had been gathered and examined, by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 26.0. <i>P</i> < 0.05 had been regarded as statistically significant in Chi-square tests, suggesting a strong correlation between the variables being studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of HAV was 62.9%, HEV was 25.8%, whereas co-infection was 11.2%. Males had a greater incidence of HAV and HEV (85.7% and 56.5%, respectively) than females (14.3% and 43.5%, respectively). Children aged 0-14 years had a greater incidence of HAV infection, while adults had a greater prevalence of HEV. The highest levels were identified in co-infected subjects, and both HAV as well as HEV infections were linked to raised liver function indicators. Most instances occurred throughout June to October, that is in monsoon season.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of HAV is considerably greater compared to that of HEV, and an 11.2% co-infection rate necessitates HEV screening, which is crucial for enhancing personal hygiene. Minimizing the disease burden requires effective public health initiatives that address hygiene and sanitation, along with HAV vaccine campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3928-3932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge among parents of daughters towards human papillomavirus attending rural and urban health and training centres of a teaching medical institution in India.","authors":"Navin Jawahar, Pankaj B Shah","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_379_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_379_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cervical cancer is a major killer disease particularly among young women in developing countries like India. Despite being a largely preventable disease and the efforts taken by the government to control the burden, it is not effective due to various reasons. In this study, we will assess the awareness among parents of daughters towards human papillomavirus (HPV) and its prophylactic vaccination in the peripheral care centres of a teaching institution.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the awareness among parents of daughters towards HPV and vaccines visiting the peripheral care centres of a teaching institution.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was done among parents of daughters attending peripheral centres of a teaching medical institution. The parents were assured confidentiality and assessed for their knowledge towards HPV infection and its vaccine through the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge (HPV-KQ) questionnaire followed by general health check-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 247 parents or caregivers volunteered for the study. The mean age of the participants was 37.5 ± SD of 8.4 years. The proportion of participants having good knowledge of HPV is less and needs to be improved. Furthermore, the association of sex, education, residence, and socioeconomic status towards poor knowledge was analysed (<i>P</i> value < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HPV vaccination forms the primary and effective prevention of cervical cancer in India. By coordinate effects of vaccination along with cervical cancer screening, the prevalence rate of cervical cancer can be controlled to an extent to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by the year 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"3939-3945"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps in facilities at Community Health Centers as per Indian Public Health Standards - A commentary.","authors":"Shubham Jagannath Shivale, Mrunali Mohan Pujari","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_491_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_491_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 9","pages":"4097-4098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}