Journal of Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Screening of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Adipogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Five Selected Medicinal Plants of Nepal.","authors":"Gopal Lamichhane, Grinsun Sharma, Biswash Sapkota, Mahendra Adhikari, Sandhaya Ghimire, Prakash Poudel, Hyun-Ju Jung","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S388968","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S388968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herbal products have been widely used for the treatment of diseases throughout the ages. In this research, we investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of five ethnomedicinally important plants; namely, <i>Alnus nepalensis</i>, <i>Dryopteris sparsa</i>, <i>Artocarpus lacucha</i>, <i>Litsea monopetala</i>, and <i>Lyonia ovalifolia</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the DPPH free radical scavenging potential, sensitivity of selected bacterial strains towards the extracts using a disc diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW-264.7 cells, and anti-adipogenic activity by the ORO assay in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The extract of <i>A. nepalensis</i> showed significant antioxidant activity (IC₅₀=4.838 <i>µ</i>g/mL), followed by <i>A. lacucha</i>, <i>L. monopetala</i>, and <i>L. ovalifolia</i>, exhibiting comparable IC₅₀ values to that of ascorbic acid (IC₅₀=5.063 <i>µ</i>g/mL). <i>Alnus nepalensis</i> also showed good antibacterial activity in disc diffusion methods, with remarkable zones of inhibition in <i>A. baumannii</i> (14.66 mm) and <i>P. mirabilis</i> (15.50 mm) bacterial species. In addition, <i>A. nepalensis</i> was found to increase adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, evidenced by increased lipid deposition in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. A similar pattern of increased adipogenesis was observed on treatment with <i>L. ovalifolia</i> extracts. On the other hand, <i>A. lacucha</i> effectively reduced lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 cells at 100 <i>µ</i>g/mL (75.18±6.42%) by inhibiting adipogenesis, showing its potential use in the management of obesity. Furthermore, <i>A. lacucha</i> 100 µg/mL (15.91±0.277 <i>µ</i>M) and <i>L. monopetala</i> 75 <i>µ</i>g/mL (12.52±0.05 <i>µ</i>M) and 100 µg/mL (11.77±0.33 <i>µ</i>M) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, <i>A. nepalensis</i> and <i>L. ovalifolia</i> inhibited NO production significantly, endorsing their anti-inflammatory potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from these in-vitro studies suggest that the selected five plants possess remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study opens the door to conduct further advanced in-vivo experiments to find possible lead compounds for the development of valuable therapeutic agents for common health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/5f/jep-15-93.PMC9987241.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9137274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia.","authors":"Sileshi Dubale,&nbsp;Dereje Kebebe,&nbsp;Ahmed Zeynudin,&nbsp;Negera Abdissa,&nbsp;Sultan Suleman","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S379805","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S379805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence and spread of resistant microbes continue to be a major public health concern. Effective treatment alternatives, particularly from traditionally used medicinal plants, are needed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective of this study was to conduct phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of selected traditionally used medicinal plants in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ethnomedicinal use value frequency index (FI) was used to select twelve medicinal plants. Phytochemical classes of compounds were screened using different standard methods. Anti-microbial activities of plant extracts were evaluated against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured using the broth micro-dilution method. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and the findings were presented descriptively and using non parametric one-way ANOVA analysis (Kruskal-Wallis/Ddunn's test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical constituents identified were flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids, with flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols being the most abundant. The crude extracts and chloroform fractions of the extracts showed an activity against the tested strains. The crude extract of <i>Thalictrum rhynchocarpum</i> Quart.-Dill. and A.Rich root demonstrated superior activity against all the tested strains with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.48 μg/mL against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>; 0.98 μg/mL against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and</i> 3.90 μg/mL against <i>Candida albicans</i>, which are even better than the reference drug, gentamicin and clotrimazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of evaluated medicinal plants demonstrated remarkable activity against tested microbial strains, which can be attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites of different classes of compounds. The finding provided scientific evidence for the use of these traditionally used medicinal plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/2b/jep-15-51.PMC9922502.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OCE-205, a Selective V1a Partial Agonist, Reduces Portal Pressure in Rat Models of Portal Hypertension.","authors":"Stan Bukofzer,&nbsp;Geoffrey Harris,&nbsp;Susan Song,&nbsp;Edward E Cable","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S416673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S416673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Management of decompensated cirrhosis may include the use of vasoconstrictors that can lead to serious adverse events. OCE-205 was designed as a highly selective V1a receptor partial agonist, intended to have a wider therapeutic window than full vasopressin agonists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We aimed to characterize the activity of OCE-205 treatment in two rat models of portal hypertension (PHT). For both models, OCE-205 was administered as a subcutaneous bolus injection. Thirty male Wistar rats were fed a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet to model PHT. Animals received OCE-205 (10, 25, 100, or 500 µg/kg) or intra-arterial terlipressin (100 µg/kg). In a more severe model of PHT, 11 male Sprague Dawley rats had the common bile duct surgically ligated (BDL) and received OCE-205. Portal pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For PP in the MCD model, MAP increased while PP decreased in rats treated with OCE-205 or terlipressin; the peak changes to MAP were 14.7 and 33.5 mmHg, respectively. Changes in MAP began to plateau after 10 min in the OCE-205 groups, whereas in the terlipressin group, MAP rapidly increased and peaked after 20 min. Across all treatment groups in the BDL model, a dose-related decrease from baseline in PP was observed following OCE-205, plateauing as the dose increased. In all treatment groups, PP change remained negative throughout the 30-min testing period. In both PHT rat models, a reduction in PP was coupled to an increase in MAP, with both plateauing in dose-response curves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data support OCE-205 as a promising candidate for further development.</p><p><strong>Institutional protocol number: </strong>Procedures were approved by the Ferring Research Institute (FRI) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee on July 13, 2011, under protocol FRI-07-0002.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"279-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/56/e9/jep-15-279.PMC10352125.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10203252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of 80% Methanol Stem-Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman</i> (Rosaceae) in Mice.","authors":"Sagni Hanbisa,&nbsp;Wondmagegn Tamiru Tadesse,&nbsp;Teferra Abula","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S426233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S426233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong><i>Prunus africana</i> is a well-known plant that is used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds and other ailments, although there is no scientific evidence to back up the claims of its wound-healing properties. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the wound-healing potential of <i>P. africana</i> bark extract in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The bark of the plant was extracted by successive maceration using 80% methanol and then fractionated with aqueous, n-butanol, and chloroform. The crude extract and solvent fractions were formulated as an ointment. Wound healing activity was evaluated using excision and incision wound models. Total phenol, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents of the crude extract, aqueous, and n- butanol fractions of the plant were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both models, mice treated with 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) wound healing activity compared with control as evidenced by the increased rate of wound contraction and hydroxyproline content, the reduced epithelialization time, and the higher skin breaking strength. Mice treated with aqueous fraction ointment exhibited a high percentage of wound healing effect among all solvent fractions. The aqueous fraction consisted of higher phenolic (49.71 ± 0.73 mg/g) and flavonoid (39.58 ± 0.27 mg/g) content, while alkaloid (3.89 ± 0.55 mg/g) content was the lowest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Prunus africana</i> stem bark extract demonstrated wound healing activity in mice model which supports the acclaimed use by Ethiopian traditional medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"349-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/7a/jep-15-349.PMC10494916.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10228399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Anti-Malarial Activity of the Crude Root Extract and Solvent Fraction of <i>Sesamum indicum</i> (Fabaceae).","authors":"Fentaw Girmaw,&nbsp;Getachew Ashagrie","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S407557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S407557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A major cumbersome factor in malaria control measure is the new coming antimalarial drug resistance strains. The increase of resistance to the available marketed antimalarial agents dictates the scientific community to search new alternative antimalarial agent from traditional plants. Therefore, our study assesses the antimalarial activity of the crude root extract and solvent fraction of <i>Sesamum indicum</i> in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The roots of <i>Sesamum indicum</i> were extracted by 80% methanol and fractionated using three solvents with different polarities. The in vivo antimalarial activity was assessed at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of the root crude extract and solvent fraction using the 4-day suppressive test. Similarly, the n- butanol fraction extract, which showed better suppression potential in 4-day suppressive test from other fractions was also evaluated in the curative model to assess its curative potential. The % parasitemia suppression, mean survival time, body weight change, rectal temperature change, and packed cell volume change were also evaluated in both models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our finding revealed that the crude extract and solvent fraction treated groups had a statistical significant parasitemia suppression and mean survival time improvement as compared to the negative control (p<0.001) in both models in a dose-dependent fashion. The higher dose n-butanol fraction treated group (600mg/kg) showed the highest suppression effect and mean survival time prolongation in both tests from the other two fractions. However, the lowest suppressive effect was observed in 200 mg/kg aqueous fraction extract-treated groups in the 4-day suppressive test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The crude root extract and solvent fractions of <i>Sesamum indicum</i> possessed a dose dependent antimalarial activity and a significant change in other parameters in both models that strengthen the traditional claim.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/5e/jep-15-163.PMC10066629.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Leaf and Root Extracts of <i>Gomphocarpus purpurascens</i> A. Rich (Asclepiadaceae) in Mice.","authors":"Meaza Adugna Ayanaw,&nbsp;Jibril Seid Yesuf,&nbsp;Eshetie Melese Birru","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S361194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S361194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Regardless of the availability of drugs many people still experienced pain and inflammation because current medications often trigger potentially serious adverse effects. A range of medicinal plants with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties have been widely used by traditional healers. Among them, <i>Gomphocarpus purpurascens</i> is one however there are no experimental studies that support this traditional use.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 80% methanolic leaf and root extracts of <i>G. purpurascens</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Air-dried leaves and roots of <i>G. purpurascens</i> were extracted with 80% methanol and an acute oral toxicity study was conducted for the 80% methanolic extract of <i>G. purpurascens</i> according to OECD guideline version eighteen. Preliminary phytochemical screening for the presence of different constituents was carried out. The hot plate method was used to evaluate centrally mediated analgesic activity while peripheral analgesic activity was tested by an acetic acid-induced writhing test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema test and formalin-induced pedal edema test were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing test was observed in mice by 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of root extract with respective values of 16.6%, 68.9%, and 83%. In the hot plate method, the root extract at doses of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed a significant (p < 0.05) analgesic effect. Maximum anti-inflammatory effects by all doses of leaf extracts were observed from 2-4hr post-induction in carrageenan-induced paw edema; and all tested doses of the extract inhibited the formalin-induced inflammation significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). The presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinone, steroids, and phenols might be responsible for these activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that the extract had potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity which supports the traditional claim.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/f1/jep-15-1.PMC9838122.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Article \"Antipyretic Potential of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Bersama Abyssinica</i> Fresen. (Melianthaceae) Leaves Against Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Mice\" [Letter].","authors":"Putri Reno Intan,&nbsp;Ariyani Noviantari,&nbsp;Sukmayati Alegantina","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S413591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S413591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"187-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/72/jep-15-187.PMC10075212.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9382624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Activities of Hydro-Methanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Heteromorpha arborescens</i> (Apiaceae) Leaves in Mice.","authors":"Yeshiwas Guadie Zeleke,&nbsp;Seyfe Asrade Atnafie,&nbsp;Tezera Jemere Aragaw","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S392742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S392742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Heteromorpha arborescens</i> has been used to treat diabetes traditionally. There was no in vivo study to support the claim. This study aimed to confirm anti-diabetic activity of 80% methanol in water extract and solvent fractions of <i>H. arborescens</i> leaves in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>H. arborescens</i> leaves were macerated and extracted in 80% methanol in water. Hydro-methanol extract of <i>H. arborescens</i> leaves were tested in mice models. Overnight fasted mice were randomly divided into five groups for normoglycemic and glucose-loaded models as a negative control, positive control, and three tested groups, whereas, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic models, the mice were grouped into six groups each comprised six mice: diabetic negative control and normal negative control groups treated with 10 mL/kg distilled water, diabetic positive control group treated with Glibenclamide 5 mg/kg and three diabetic tested groups treated with extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses. A one-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the data, and the post hoc Tukey's test was utilized for multiple comparisons. The P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydro-methanol extract of <i>H. arborescens</i> leaves at 400 mg/kg in normoglycemic mice significantly lowered blood glucose levels (BGLs) (P< 0.01). Mice with oral glucose-loaded test lowered BGLs at dosages of 200 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.01) respectively. Single-dose of ethyl acetate, n-hexane fractions and hydro-methanol extract at 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg reduced BGLs (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01) respectively. BGL drops in diabetic mice given daily repeated doses of 200 mg/kg of hydro-methanol extract and 400 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.001). Diabetic mice gained weight at a 400 mg/kg hydro-methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) respectively. Hydro-methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction and at 200 mg/kg decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>80% methanol in water extract and solvent fractions of <i>H. arborescens</i> leaves showed anti-diabetic effects and significantly reduced hyperlipidemia in diabetics, this study supported the traditional usage of <i>H. arborescens</i> for treating diabetes; however, species variation could also limit such a straightforward extrapolation of the findings of this study in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"107-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/e7/jep-15-107.PMC10013569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9131744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Anti-Retroviral Drugs (ARVDs) Disrupt Follicular Development in Female Wistar Rats.","authors":"Aigbe Gregory Ohihoin,&nbsp;Esther Ngozi Ohihoin,&nbsp;Ifeoma Ujomu,&nbsp;Airat Bakare,&nbsp;Oladeji Olanrewaju,&nbsp;Arinze Okafor,&nbsp;Mercy Ojetunde,&nbsp;Joy Boluwatife Ayoola,&nbsp;Oluwagbemiga Aina,&nbsp;Olusola Ajibaye,&nbsp;Simon D Taylor-Robinson","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S398343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S398343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are genuine concerns that long-term use of anti-retroviral drugs may be associated with reproductive complications in females. This study aimed to ascertain the effect of highly active anti-retroviral drugs on the ovarian reserve and reproductive potential of female Wistar rats and by extension to HIV-positive human females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 25 female Wistar rats, weighing between 140g and 162g, were randomly allotted into non-intervention and intervention groups, receiving the anti-retroviral drugs, Efavirenz (EFV), Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF), Lamivudine (3TC), and a fixed-dose combination (FDC). The dosage was administered orally at 8 am daily for 4 weeks. Serum concentrations of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and estradiol were measured using standard biochemical techniques (ELISA). Follicular counts were made on fixed ovarian tissue from the sacrificed rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean AMH level for the control group and the EFV, TDF, 3TC, and FDC groups were 11.20, 6.75, 7.30, 8.27, and 6.60 pmol/L, respectively. The EFV and FDC groups had the lowest AMH, compared to the other groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in AMH across the groups. The mean count of antral follicles was significantly lower in the group that received EFV when compared to the other groups. The corpus luteal count was significantly higher in the control group than in the intervention groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated a disruption in the reproductive hormones of female Wistar rats receiving anti-retroviral regimens containing EFV. Clinical studies are required to determine if these changes are seen in women receiving EFV-based treatment, as this may compromise reproductive function and predispose them to early menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10328220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10167673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Activities of Fingerroot Extract and Its Phytoconstituents Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters.","authors":"Teetat Kongratanapasert,&nbsp;Supasek Kongsomros,&nbsp;Nlin Arya,&nbsp;Kripitch Sutummaporn,&nbsp;Witthawat Wiriyarat,&nbsp;Yada Akkhawattanangkul,&nbsp;Tussapon Boonyarattanasoonthorn,&nbsp;Nithi Asavapanumas,&nbsp;Phongthon Kanjanasirirat,&nbsp;Ampa Suksatu,&nbsp;Khanit Sa-Ngiamsuntorn,&nbsp;Suparerk Borwornpinyo,&nbsp;Pornpun Vivithanaporn,&nbsp;Somchai Chutipongtanate,&nbsp;Suradej Hongeng,&nbsp;Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul,&nbsp;Arunee Thitithanyanont,&nbsp;Phisit Khemawoot,&nbsp;Piyamitr Sritara","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S382895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S382895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the suffering of people around the world, with an inaccessibility of specific and effective medication. Fingerroot extract, which showed in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, could alleviate the deficiency of antivirals and reduce the burden of health systems.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>In this study, we conducted an experiment in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters to determine the efficacy of fingerroot extract in vivo.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The infected hamsters were orally administered with vehicle control, fingerroot extract 300 or 1000 mg/kg, or favipiravir 1000 mg/kg at 48 h post-infection for 7 consecutive days. The hamsters (n = 12 each group) were sacrificed at day 2, 4 and 8 post-infection to collect the plasma and lung tissues for analyses of viral output, lung histology and lung concentration of panduratin A.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All animals in treatment groups reported no death, while one hamster in the control group died on day 3 post-infection. All treatments significantly reduced lung pathophysiology and inflammatory mediators, PGE₂ and IL-6, compared to the control group. High levels of panduratin A were found in both the plasma and lung of infected animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fingerroot extract was shown to be a potential of reducing lung inflammation and cytokines in hamsters. Further studies of the full pharmacokinetics and toxicity are required before entering into clinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/9d/jep-15-13.PMC9869698.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9143313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}