Journal of Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activities of the 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Maesa lanceolata</i> Forssk (Myrsinaceae) Leaves in Mice.","authors":"Alemayehu Megersa,&nbsp;Beyene Dereje,&nbsp;Meaza Adugna,&nbsp;Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun,&nbsp;Eshetie Melese Birru","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S429403","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S429403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the limits of present antidiarrheal medications, it is critical to seek novel, safe, and inexpensive antidiarrheal agents. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of <i>Maesa lanceolata</i> leaves in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leaf powder was extracted by 80% methanol and then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. At 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, the effects of the crude extract on castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility tests were investigated. Tween 2% and atropine used as negative and positive controls, respectively. A gastrointestinal motility test was used to explore the anti-motility effects. Data were analyzed with SPSS V. 26, and the significance was established with a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The crude extract delayed the onset of diarrhea and significantly reduced the number of fecal drops at 100 (p<0.05), 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001). Similarly, the number and weight of wet feces, as well as total fresh feces, were reduced at 200 (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) compared to Tween 2%. The enteropooling test demonstrated that the extracts significantly reduced the volume and weight of intestine content at 200 (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001). The anti-motility activity test revealed that the all extracts decreased gastrointestinal motility significantly (p<0.001). The ethyl acetate fraction significantly reduced gastrointestinal transit time at all doses (p<0.001). At 400 mg/kg, the activities of the n-hexane fraction were significant (p<0.01). The efficacy of the residual aqueous fraction on gastrointestinal motility was significant at 200 (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 80% methanol extract of <i>Maesa lanceolata</i> Forssk leaf and solvent fractions were shown to exhibit potent antidiarrheal activity in the current study.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"391-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Effects of the 80% Methanolic Extract of Datura Stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice.","authors":"Temesgen Baylie,&nbsp;Assefa Kebad,&nbsp;Tiget Ayelgn,&nbsp;Markeshaw Tiruneh,&nbsp;Kibur Hunie Tesfa","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S426925","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S426925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Managing diabetes mellitus with currently available drugs is costly, and the chances of side effects are high, leading to further studies for new and better medications from plant sources with the affordable and lower side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of <i>Datura stramonium</i> Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 150mg/kg of STZ. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, five mice per group. Group I was a normal control, Group II was Diabetic negative control, group III was Diabetic positive control, Group IV-VI were Diabetic Mice that treated with extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. After 14th day of treatment the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether. Then, blood was drawn by cardiac puncture to assess TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extract of <i>D. stramonium</i> reduced the FBG level by 19.71%, 30.27%, 40.95%, and 45.67%, respectively, for <i>D. stramonium</i> 100, 200, 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 14th day of treatment. Diabetic mice treated with <i>D. stramonium</i> for 14 days   showed a significant decrease in serum TC, LDL, and serum TG and a significant increase in body weight, and HDL level as compared to diabetic negative control. Antioxidant activities of the leaves extract were comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 172.79 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings revealed that the <i>D. stramonium</i> leaves extract possesses significant Anti-diabetic activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"375-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/3e/jep-15-375.PMC10590592.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Topical Formulation Containing Ciplukan (<i>Physalis angulata</i> Linn.) in Modulating Interleukin-17 and Interferon Gamma Expression in Mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) Psoriasis Model.","authors":"Oki Suwarsa,&nbsp;Hartati Purbo Dharmadji,&nbsp;Enny Rohmawaty,&nbsp;Shela Mareta,&nbsp;Hendra Gunawan,&nbsp;Reiva Farah Dwiyana,&nbsp;Pati Aji Achdiat,&nbsp;Endang Sutedja,&nbsp;Miranti Pangastuti","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S427615","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S427615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris (PV). Topical corticosteroids are still utilised as first-line therapy for mild to moderate PV. However, long-term use of corticosteroid is associated with various side effects. <i>Physalis angulata</i> Linn. (Ciplukan) possesses anti-inflammatory properties that could serve as a potential alternative topical therapy for PV.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the efficacy of topical ciplukan as an anti-inflammatory agent targeting the expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psoriasis was induced using imiquimod cream, therefore divided into five groups. Group I, the psoriasis control group, received only imiquimod cream. Groups C1 and C2 received imiquimod cream followed by a mixture of Ciplukan and vaseline in a 1:2 and 1:4 ratio, respectively. Group M, the standard therapy group, received imiquimod cream, followed by mometasone furoate cream. Lastly, group V, the vehicle group, received imiquimod cream followed by vaseline album. Expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ in mice's skin tissue was analysed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after seven days of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean expression of IL-17 in Group C1 (22.60) was significantly lower (p = 0.012) than in the psoriasis control group (23.60), and there was no significant difference (p = 0.613) in Group M (22.41). The mean expression of IFN-γ in Group C1 (26.97) and Group C2 (27.03) was also significantly lower (p = 0.026 and p = 0.026, respectively) than Group I (28.80), and there was no significant difference (p = 0.180 and p = 0.093, respectively) than Group M (26.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ in the ciplukan group is lower than in the psoriasis control group, and there is no significant difference compared to the standard therapy group.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/df/jep-15-367.PMC10572380.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41235882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemopreventive Activity of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of <i>Vernonia auriculifera</i> Hiern (Asteraceae) Against Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Rats.","authors":"Yohannes Tsegyie Wondmkun, Ephrem Engidawork, Wajana Lako Labisso, Anteneh Belete, Solomon Tesfaye, Yonas Girma Shumiye","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S421338","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S421338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Vernonia auriculifera</i> Hiern (Asteraceae) is among Ethiopian herbal medicines that are traditionally used to treat skin and gastrointestinal cancers. In this study, the chemopreventive potential of <i>Vernonia auriculifera</i> leaf extract in dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were assigned to nine groups (normal, positive, and negative control groups, and three pre- and three post-initiation groups). Except for the normal control group (administered with 1 mL/100 g distilled water), the remaining eight groups were given DMH (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (ip) for 15 consecutive weeks to induce colorectal tumours. The extract was given orally to the pre-initiation and post-initiation groups at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg before and after the induction of cancer, respectively. The positive control group was treated with aspirin (60 mg/kg/day) orally for the whole experimental period. Parameters including body weight, average tumour number, size, progression, incidence, total cholesterol, serum total protein, and triglyceride levels were determined. The cytotoxic activity of the extract in Caco-2 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay, and the antioxidant activity of the extract was also assessed using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and reducing power methods. Moreover, total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined using appropriate methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rats treated with the extract showed a lower incidence of up to 50% in the pre-initiation higher dose, average number (<i>p</i><0.05),and size (<i>p</i><0.05) of tumours compared to untreated rats. It also inhibited colorectal cancer-associated increases in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. The extract's IC₅₀ value in the MTT assay was found to be higher than 200 µg/mL. The extract had an IC₅₀ of 74.88 ± 0.86 µg/mL and 84.69 ± 2.02 µg/mL in the reducing power and DPPH assays, respectively. Total flavonoid and phenol contents were 14.51 ± 0.41 mg quercetin acid equivalent/gm and 47.37 ± 0.72 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm of the crude extract, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings collectively indicated that the leaves of <i>V. auriculifera</i> possess chemopreventive activity, probably mediated through antioxidant mechanisms, which supports the traditional claim.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"333-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/33/jep-15-333.PMC10488718.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10224016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Convulsant Activity of Soxhlet Leaf Extracts of <i>Ajuga Integrifolia</i> Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don (Lamiaceae) in Mice.","authors":"Tesfaye Desalegn,&nbsp;Ephrem Engidawork","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S409099","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S409099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The leaves of <i>Ajuga integrifolia</i> Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Lamiaceae) have long been used as an anti-convulsant remedy in Ethiopian traditional medicine. However, the evidence supporting their use is sparse in the literature. This study was conducted to add to the existing body of knowledge about the anti-convulsant activity of the plant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anti-convulsant activity of the extract was investigated in both acute (pentylenetetrazol [PTZ], 80 mg/kg; and maximal electroshock [MES]) and chronic (PTZ, 35 mg/kg) kindling seizure models. For the experimental paradigms, various doses of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered. Positive controls received sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) for the PTZ model and phenytoin (25 mg/kg) for the MES model. Parameters including the onset of clonus and duration of hindlimb tonic extension were recorded and compared with controls. Moreover, the total alkaloid, flavonoid, and phenol contents of the extracts were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ethyl acetate extract produced a superior effect among all solvent extracts in both the PTZ and MES models. At all doses, it significantly delayed the mean onset of clonus (<i>p</i><0.01) in the PTZ test compared to controls. It also significantly reduced (<i>p</i><0.001) the mean duration of hindlimb tonic extension in the MES model. Treatment of mice with 200 mg/kg (<i>p</i><0.01) and 400 mg/kg (<i>p</i><0.001) of ethyl acetate extract significantly protected against PTZ-induced kindling compared to controls. The leaf was found to contain 10.002±0.119 mg atropine equivalent per gram of dry extract of alkaloids, 9.045±0.8445 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry extract of flavonoids, and 21.928±1.118 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract of phenols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated that the plant <i>A. integrifolia</i> has anti-convulsant activity in both acute and chronic models of seizure. This plant represents a potential source for the development of a new anti-epileptic drug for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"241-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/b0/jep-15-241.PMC10239258.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9584117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiulcer Effect of Aqueous Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Pseudocedrela kotschyi</i> (Schweinf) Harms (Meliaceae) and <i>Ximenia americana</i> L. (Olacaceae).","authors":"Edwige T Delma, Moussa Ouédraogo, Aimé S Ouédraogo, Arsène W Nikiema, Moustapha Abdoulaye Gambo, Norbert Ramde, Estelle N H Youl, Assita Sanou-Lamien, Olga Mélanie Lompo, Pierre I Guissou","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S393168","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S393168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to provide pharmacological evidence of <i>Pseudocedrela kotschyi</i> and <i>Ximenia americana</i> in preventing or healing peptic ulcers claimed by traditional healers in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The trunk bark of <i>Pseudocedrela kotschyi</i> and the roots bark of <i>Ximenia americana</i> (Olacaceae) were macerated in mixed ethanol/water (80:20), respectively, to obtain dried extracts. Two models of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.3 M/ethanol, 60%) and hypothermic stress-induced peptic ulcer were used. The cytoprotective effect of individual or combined plant extracts was assessed at 1; 10; 30mg/kg. bw. Then, the healing effect of the extracts at 10mg/kg.bw was evaluated within 21 days of treatment on the hydrochloric acid-induced ulcer model. The extracts' antioxidant activity and phenolic content were assessed to support the plant extracts' efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extracts of <i>P. kotschyi</i> and <i>X. americana</i> at 10 mg/kg.bw reduced ulceration index in hydrochloric acid- and hypothermic stress-ulcer models by more than 83% and 65%, respectively. The extract from <i>X. americana</i> at 10mg/kg.bw allowed complete ulcer healing but not the association of the two plant extracts. The plant extracts had IC₅₀of inhibition of DPPH radical lower than 5μg/mL and total ferric reducing antioxidant power of more than 77 mg EQAA/100mg. The total polyphenolic content was 64.82 ±0.99 and 53.75 ±1.39 mg EGA/g of dried extract of <i>P. kotschyi</i> and <i>X. americana</i>, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>X. americana</i> extract is better than the combined two plant extracts in gastric cytoprotection and ulcer healing. Further investigations are needed to highlight mechanism-based effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/a0/jep-15-231.PMC10237205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9584115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthocyanin-Containing Purple Sweet Potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas L</i>.) Synbiotic Yogurt Inhibited 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis by Suppressing White Adipocyte-Specific Genes.","authors":"Eko Fuji Ariyanto,&nbsp;Widad Aghnia Shalannandia,&nbsp;Uci Ary Lantika,&nbsp;Taufik Muhammad Fakih,&nbsp;Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan,&nbsp;Arini Nurisydayanti Gumilar,&nbsp;Farhan Khalil Permana,&nbsp;Anisa Nadia Rahmah,&nbsp;Nur Atik,&nbsp;Astrid Feinisa Khairani","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S405433","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S405433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We unravel the effect of anthocyanin-containing purple sweet potato synbiotic yogurt (PSPY) on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and its fundamental molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Molecular docking simulation was performed to observe and identify the affinity and interaction between bioactive compounds and targeted proteins. MDI (isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-containing medium, a cocktail that stimulates adipogenesis, was used in this study. The toxic effect possibility of the yogurt product was evaluated using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 5% (v/v) plain or purple sweet potato yogurt supernatant was given to 3T3-L1 preadipocyte culture medium from 24 h after seeding until day 11 of MDI-induced differentiation. The mRNA expression and lipid accumulation were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Oil red O staining, respectively, on day 11 after differentiation induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In silico</i> study suggested that anthocyanin-derived compounds have the potential to inhibit peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a master regulator for white adipogenesis. Anthocyanin-containing PSPY significantly suppressed the expression of <i>Pparg, Adipoq, Slc2a4</i>, and <i>Pgc1a</i>. PSPY significantly suppressed <i>Pparg</i> with 1% and 5% concentrations, while with a concentration of 0.25%, PSPY significantly suppressed <i>Adipoq</i> expression as compared to control. Significant inhibition of <i>Slc2a4</i> and <i>Pgc1a</i> was observed starting from a 0.25% concentration of PSPY. The suppression of adipogenic genes was also observed with the treatment of plain yogurt; however, the effects were relatively lower than the PSPY. The group treated with 1% and 5% of PSPY also showed inhibition effects on lipid accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated PSPY inhibition effect on white adipocyte differentiation through suppression of <i>Pparg</i> and its downstream genes, <i>Adipoq</i> and <i>Slc2a4</i>, indicating the potential of this yogurt as a functional food for obesity management and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"217-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/f7/jep-15-217.PMC10216850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9901826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Evaluation of the Anesthetic and Analgesic Potential of Injection Harsha 22: A Novel Polyherbal Local Anesthetic Formulation Intended for Parenteral Administration in Wistar Albino Rats.","authors":"Shan Sasidharan, Asha Nair Kaveri, M S Sithara, Hareendran Nair J","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S402277","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S402277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Local anaesthetics are medications that cause numbness that can be reversed by applying them topically. Local anaesthetics are clinically used to control pain during minor surgeries or to treat other acute and chronic pain. The present investigation intended to investigate the anesthetic as well as analgesic potential of Injection Harsha 22, a novel polyherbal formulation in Wistar albino rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anesthetic potential of Injection Harsha 22 was evaluated by a heat tail-flick latency (TFL) test, whereas the analgesic effect was elevated by electrical stimulation testing. Here, lignocaine (2%) was used as the standard anesthetic drug.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In TFL, Injection Harsha 22 showed anesthetic effects up to 90 minutes after application. Also, the duration of anesthesia in rats that were administered subcutaneously with Injection Harsha 22 was comparable to that of the rats treated with commercial lignocaine (2%). In an electrical stimulation test, single administration of Injection Harsha 22 to rats significantly prolonged analgesia compared with the normal control group. The median duration of analgesia in rats administered subcutaneously with Injection Harsha 22 and lignocaine solution was 40 minutes and 35 minutes, respectively. Furthermore, Injection Harsha 22 does not interfere with the hematopoietic system of the experiment animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, the present investigation established the in vivo anesthetic and analgesic potential of Injection Harsha 22 in experimental animals. Hence, it can be concluded that Injection Harsha 22 can become a prominent substitute for lignocaine as a local anaesthetic agent after establishing its efficacy through stringent clinical trials in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/55/jep-15-149.PMC10065419.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Synthetic Zeolite Supported AgZno Nanoparticle Against a Selected Group of Bacteria.","authors":"Berhanu Wakweya, Wakuma Wakene Jifar","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S396118","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S396118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of novel and intriguing nanoparticle (NP)-based materials with antibacterial activity has recently received attention due to the problem of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics becoming more and more frequent. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effectiveness of a synthetic zeolite-supported AgZnO nanoparticle against selected bacteria in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of synthetic zeolite-supported AgZnO nanoparticles was assessed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i> and <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were used to create the zeolite-supported Ag/ZnO composite. Chloramphenicol was used as a standard drug. The nanoparticles and composites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Synthetic zeolite-supported AgZnO nanoparticles showed promising antibacterial properties with the largest zone of inhibition against <i>S. aureus</i> bacteria in comparison to <i>E. coli</i>. The synthetic zeolite-supported AgZnO nanoparticle displayed a zone of inhibition against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> without a remarkable difference compared to the respective standard drug (Chloramphenicol). Zinc peaks were visible in the X-ray diffractograms, which supported the theory that the characteristic hexagonal wurtzite structure of zinc oxide was present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All types of ZnO, AgZnO, and AgZnO-Zeolite showed wide-spectrum activity with better effect against gram-positive bacteria, while the Zeolite-Ag/ZnO composite showed even better antibacterial activity. The findings suggest a potential bactericide that needs further evaluation in future studies was observed in synthetic zeolite-supported Ag/ZnO nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/3a/jep-15-139.PMC10024489.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9524889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Anti-Leishmanial Activities of Methanol Extract of <i>Brucea antidysenterica</i> J.F. Mill Seeds and Its Solvent Fractions.","authors":"Tasisa Ketema,&nbsp;Markos Tadele,&nbsp;Zewdie Gebrie,&nbsp;Eyasu Makonnen,&nbsp;Asrat Hailu,&nbsp;Solomon M Abay","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S397352","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S397352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases, threatening lives of about 350 million people globally. <i>Brucea antidysenterica</i> seeds are used for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the traditional medicine in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate <i>Brucea antidysenterica</i> seeds' anti-leishmanial activity in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The crude (80% methanol) extract of <i>Brucea antidysenterica</i> seeds and its fractions were evaluated for their anti-leishmanial activities against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of <i>Leishmania donovani and Leishmania aethiopica</i>, and for their cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells. The quantitative estimations of total phenolic compounds (TPCs), flavonoids (TFCs) and alkaloids (TACs) were determined, spectrophotometrically. Median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) and median cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) of the extract and its solvent fractions were calculated using GraphPad Prism 9.1.0 computer software. Data was presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The crude extract and its hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed anti-leishmanial activities, with IC₅₀ values of 4.14-60.12 µg/mL against promastigotes, and 6.16-40.12 µg/mL against amastigotes of both <i>Leishmania</i> species. They showed moderate cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines and peritoneal mice macrophages, with CC₅₀ values of 100-500 µg/mL, but >1600 µg/mL against red blood cells. Selectivity indices ranged from 7.97 to 30.97. The crude extract, and its ethyl acetate and hexane fractions possessed 54.78-127.72 mg of gallic acid equivalent TPC, 18.30-79.21 mg of quercetin equivalent TFC, and 27.62-97.22 mg of atropine equivalent TAC per gram of extracts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The seeds of the plant possessed anti-leishmanial activities against <i>L. aethiopica</i> and <i>L. donovani</i> that might provide a scientific justification for its use in the treatment of leishmaniasis by traditional healers. Future works are recommended to isolate, purify and identify the possible secondary metabolites attributed to the anti-leishmanial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/5e/jep-15-123.PMC10022440.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9144039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}