Journal of Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of 80% Methanol Root Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Stephania abyssinica</i> (Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp. (Menispermaceae) in Mice.","authors":"Tesfagegn Gobezie Yiblet,&nbsp;Asegedech Tsegaw,&nbsp;Nejat Ahmed,&nbsp;Samuel Berihun Dagnew,&nbsp;Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse,&nbsp;Zemene Demelash Kifle","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S364282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S364282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The root of <i>Stephania abyssinica</i> (Dill. and A. Rich.) Walp. (Menispermaceae) is traditionally used to treat wounds. Despite the fact that there have been in <i>vitro</i> studies and claims supporting wound healing, there has been no scientific data on the in <i>vivo</i> wound healing activities of the root of <i>S. Abyssinica</i>.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of 80% methanol root extract and solvent fractions of <i>S. Abyssinica</i> in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The roots of <i>S. Abyssinica</i> were air dried, ground and macerated by 80% methanol three times successively. The crude extract was fractionated by water, hexane and ethyl acetate separately. The acute dermal toxicity test was done by applying 2000 mg/kg of the 10% w/w crude extract. Wound healing activity of crude extract was evaluated on excision, incision and burn wound models, while the fractions were evaluated on excision wound model only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In mice, an acute dermal toxicity test of 2000 mg/kg of the 10% w/w crude extract was found to be safe. The 10% w/w crude extract ointment (CEO) produced significant (p < 0.001) wound contraction from 4th to 16th post wounding days, and the 5% w/w CEO were significant (p < 0.01) wound contraction on 10th post wounding day as compared to simple ointment (SO) treated group on excision wound. On burn wound models, the CEO showed highly significant (p < 0.001) from the 6th post wounding days onwards. The tensile strength was increased significantly (p < 0.001) by the CEO treated mice as compared to the untreated group and SO group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data obtained from this study showed 80% methanol crude extract, the aqueous and the 10% w/w ethyl acetate fraction possessed better wound healing activities, and decreased period of epithelialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"255-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/f6/jep-14-255.PMC9374092.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40610288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester as a DHODH Inhibitor and Its Synergistic Anticancer Properties in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil in a Breast Cancer Cell Line.","authors":"Eri Amalia,&nbsp;Ajeng Diantini,&nbsp;Erwahyuni Endang Prabandari,&nbsp;Danang Waluyo,&nbsp;Anas Subarnas","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S365159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S365159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A combination of chemotherapy agents is the best choice in breast cancer treatment to increase the patient survival rate. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the drugs applied in combination with other drugs to control and delay development of cancer cells. Nevertheless, the occurrence of multidrug resistance and dose-limiting cytotoxicity have limited the efficacy of 5-FU treatment. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-breast cancer drugs should be pursued.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study potency of a promising naturally derived compound, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), for breast cancer treatment in single and combination with 5-FU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cytotoxicity of CAPE, 5-FU, and 5-FU+CAPE was studied by in vitro MTT experiment in MCF-7 cell line, and RT-PCR analysis was used to evaluate the change in gene expression due to the treatment. Moreover, an enzymatic assay and molecular docking analysis were applied to evaluate the possible mechanism of substance-induced apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that a single treatment of CAPE showed cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ 6.6 ± 1.0 µM and 6.5 ± 2.9 µM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Meanwhile, 5-FU showed cytostatic activity. The 5-FU + CAPE has a synergistic effect at 24 h treatment with a CI = 0.5 and an additive effect at 48 h treatment with CI = 1.0. CAPE was also found to enhances the mRNA expression of <i>caspase</i>-8 and <i>BAX</i> within 6 hours in combination with 5-FU compared to 5-FU treatment alone. Our study reveals a new mechanism of CAPE which is related to the inhibition of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (<i>Hs</i>DHODH) with an IC₅₀ of 120.7 ± 6.8 µM, by bound to the ubiquinone-binding site of the enzyme and could be responsible for inducing extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the cytotoxicity of CAPE potential to induce apoptosis of breast cancer MCF-7 cell line single and cytotoxic-cytostatic combination with 5-FU. Therefore, further studies to develop CAPE and its derivatives will be required to discover new candidates for breast cancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"243-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/fb/jep-14-243.PMC9329448.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40572351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of 80% Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of <i>Urtica simensis</i> in Mice.","authors":"Bezawit Alem Abeje,&nbsp;Tiruzer Bekele,&nbsp;Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun,&nbsp;Assefa Belay Asrie","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S363676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S363676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leaves of <i>Urtica simensis</i> (<i>U. simensis)</i> have been used traditionally for wound healing in different communities in Ethiopia. In spite of this, there were no scientific data documented regarding the wound healing activity of this plant. There is a need to investigate herbal remedies for the treatment of wounds in order to overcome the limitations of conventional drugs.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>Aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of <i>U. simensis</i> in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leaves of <i>U. simensis</i> were washed, dried under shade and ground into coarse powder and then extracted by 80% methanol with three consecutive macerations. Part of the extract was fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform and water. In excision and burn wounds, healing progress was measured by wound contraction, epithelialization period and histopathology investigation whereas incision wound healing was assessed by skin breaking strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In excision wound model, the 5% and 10% crude extract ointments showed significant (p < 0.001) wound contractions during day 8 to day 16 evaluations. Similarly, in burn wound model, both 5% and 10% crude extract ointments produced significant (p < 0.001) wound contractions starting from day 12 and 10, respectively. In both models, the periods of epithelialization were also significantly reduced and favorable histopathologic changes were produced by the crude extract ointments. The solvent fractions of the crude extract as well produced significant wound contractions as evaluated in excision wound model. The fractions also significantly reduced the period of epithelialization in this model. The aqueous fraction found to be more active than either chloroform or n-hexane fraction in wound healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of this study indicated that methanol extract and aqueous fractions of the leaves of <i>U. simensis</i> possess dose-dependent wound healing activity, thus supporting traditional claims.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"221-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/59/87/jep-14-221.PMC9304411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40536589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study.","authors":"Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar,&nbsp;Laila Mohammed Ahmad El-Zalabany,&nbsp;Doaa Abdelhalim Shahin,&nbsp;Afaf Mahmoud Attia,&nbsp;Shaaban Abdelfattah El-Mosallamy","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S358571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S358571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chloroxylenol (para-chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX) is claimed to be highly harmful both to humans and the environment. Toxic effects of PCMX on testicular functions are scarcely discussed in the literature.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>To study testicular toxic effects of PCMX on male Sprague-Dawley rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty animals were randomly distributed into three groups: negative control (G I), vehicle group (G II) and PCMX group (G III). PCMX group was subdivided into three subgroups: GIIIa: received PCMX 100 mg/kg, GIIIb: received PCMX 200 mg/kg and G IIIc: received PCMX 500 mg/kg. Hormonal assay included assessment of serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue, analysis of cellular viability, necrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissue by flow cytometry, analysis of cellular DNA content and phases of cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rats in the groups exposed to PCMX (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) had significantly lower estradiol and testosterone levels in comparison to control groups (G I and GII). Histopathological examination of testicular tissue of PCMX-exposed rats showed irregular crossly sectioned seminiferous tubules with their lumina containing scanty spermatids and spermatozoa. G IIIc animals showed eosinophilic proteinaceous material and vacuolated and necrotic interstitial cells of Leydig. Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower testicular tissue viability in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in comparison to control groups (G I and G II).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rats exposed to PCMX had significant reduction in testosterone and estradiol levels with marked histopathological alterations affecting testicular tissues. These effects are dose-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/04/jep-14-213.PMC9289274.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40609046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Meriandra dianthera</i> Aqueous Extract and Its Fraction Prevents Blood Coagulation by Specifically Inhibiting the Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway: An in vitro Study.","authors":"Filmon Kiflezghi Kiflemariam,&nbsp;Abiel Ghebrehiwet Tewelde,&nbsp;Ali Mahmud Hamid,&nbsp;Bilal Mussa Beshir,&nbsp;Samrawit Negasi Solomon,&nbsp;Tesfu Gonets Eman,&nbsp;Daniel Mebrahtu Abraha,&nbsp;Russom Kahsu,&nbsp;John Issac,&nbsp;Jeevan Jyoti Kaushik","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S362258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S362258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, cardiovascular disorders are the primary cause of mortality in the world and constitute a serious medical problem. Blood coagulation is an essential process to prevent excessive blood loss through injured blood vessels; however, abnormal blood clotting in the blood vessels can result in fatal cardiovascular disorders. This study investigated the in vitro anticoagulant activity of <i>Meriandra dianthera</i> crude extract and its fractions and their erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The plant leaves were extracted by a decoction method and were further fractionated by a liquid-liquid partition with a solvent of crescent polarity. The in vitro anticoagulant activity of the plant extract and its fractions was assessed by PT and APTT assays, while the membrane stabilizing activity was determined through hypotonic induced hemolysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The crude aqueous leaf extract of <i>Meriandra dianthera</i> significantly (P < 0.001) prolonged the intrinsic clotting pathway measured by APTT by specifically acting on the intrinsic coagulation pathway. By using liquid-liquid fractionation, the residual aqueous fraction was identified as the fraction responsible for the anticoagulant activity of the crude extract as it significantly (P<0.001) prolonged APTT while the other fractions failed. Both the crude extract and its aqueous residue fraction did not affect the extrinsic coagulation pathway measured by PT. In the membrane stabilizing assay, crude extract and aqueous residue fraction showed the highest membrane stabilizing activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The crude extract and its aqueous residue fraction showed a potent in vitro anticoagulant and membrane stabilizing activity, which shows the potential of the plant's leaves as a new source of bioactive molecules for coagulation-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/90/jep-14-205.PMC9250791.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils from <i>Hyptis capitata</i> Jacq.","authors":"Roy John,&nbsp;Kuzhunellil Raghavanpillai Sabu,&nbsp;Aseer Manilal","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S355280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S355280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mortality and morbidity associated with vector-borne diseases, particularly those caused by mosquitoes, are increasing and new means of controlling them, including bio-larvicides, are needed. Malaria is a serious threat in many countries of Africa and Asia, and eco-friendly vector preventing measures are very much essential. Plant-derived larvicides are of great importance in this context. <i>Hyptis capitata</i> is an aromatic medicinal plant which is widely distributed in tropical countries. The aim of the present study is to examine the chemical composition, antioxidant and mosquito larvicidal effects of essential oils of this plant, extracted by hydro-distillation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chemical compositions of essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was tested by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the mosquito larvicidal activity was checked against the fourth instar larvae of the malarial vector <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>. Fingerlings of <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> were used as a bio-model for toxicity studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 48 constituents, inclusive of 44 (94.67%) from inflorescence and 19 (97.09%) from leaf oil were identified; δ-cadinene (14.68%) and linalool (6.99%) were the major constituents of the inflorescence oil, while leaf oil contained 1-octen-3-ol (34.08%), methyl linoleate (17.2%), and germacrene D (11.16%). Antioxidant analysis showed an effective concentration (EC₅₀) value of 22.76 μg/mL for leaf oil and 26.18 μg/mL for the inflorescence oil, corresponding to 17.57 μg/mL of ascorbic acid. Both oils showed a respectable larvicidal effect and the lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) are 39.08 μg/mL and 33.19 μg/mL for the inflorescence and leaf oil, respectively. Notably, both the inflorescence and leaf oils are not very toxic to fish with respect to the concentrations tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the essential oils extracted from the leaves and inflorescences of <i>H. capitata</i> are effective antioxidants and can act as inexpensive mosquito larvicidal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/5c/jep-14-195.PMC9205432.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40027199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycemic, Antihyperglycemic, and Toxic Effects of Physalis peruviana L. Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats","authors":"F. Kasali, J. Kadima, J. Tusiimire, A. Agaba","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S356533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S356533","url":null,"abstract":"Background Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine systems to manage various diseases, including diabetes mellitus, which remains a global health problem in developing and developed countries. This study aimed to scientifically evaluate its antidiabetic bioactivity and short-term toxicity in rats. Methods We prepared various doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts for the antidiabetic study, and a dose of 2000 mg/Kg was prepared for the acute toxicity test. The first group that evaluated the hypoglycemic effect consisted of forty normoglycemic Wistar rats aged 7–8 months old with a weighted average of 265.8 ± 24.6 g. The second group consisted of intraperitoneal glucose-loaded male animals to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect. The third group contained two groups of normoglycemic female rats (n = 3), aged 3 and 4 months old (weight average: 187.45 ± 14.82 g), treated for 14 days with aqueous and methanolic extracts (2 g/kg b.w) to assess mortality and toxic effects. Blood samples were taken at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post-treatment in hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic evaluations. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. The control animals in each group did not receive the extracts. Results In hypoglycemic rats, 100 mg/kg of aqueous and methanolic extracts significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose level by 13.92% (p < 0.0001) and 21.95% (p < 0.01), respectively, compared to the control group. In glucose tolerance test group, methanolic extracts significantly reduced hyperglycemia by 54.55% (p < 0.0001), 46.50% (p < 0.0001), 39.78% (p < 0.0001) at 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg b.w, respectively, compared to control; aqueous extract 400 mg/kg reduced hyperglycemia by 39.44% (p < 0.05). At the 2000 mg/kg dose, leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts did not show any signs of intoxication and mortality. Conclusion Crude aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of P. peruviana ambrosioides appeared safe at 2000 mg/kg and have bioactivity in controlling the blood glucose levels, supporting their use in treating diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"185 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46783722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound Healing Activity of 80% Methanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T. Anderson (Acanthaceae) in Mice","authors":"Shemelis Gebrewoled G/giorgis, D. Ambikar, A. Tsegaw, Yaschilal Muche Belayneh","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S340177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S340177","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Justicia schimperiana has been used traditionally for the treatment of wound and skin burn, but there is no scientific evidence that supports the traditional claim. Objective To evaluate the wound healing activity of 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Justicia schimperiana in mice. Methods Mice were used for wound healing study, while rats were used for acute dermal toxicity test. The 80% methanol crude extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were formulated in ointments with 5% and 10% strength. Burn, excision and incision wound models were used to evaluate the effect of the crude extract, whereas the activity of the solvent fractions was evaluated using excision wound model. Parameters such as wound contraction, and period of epithelialization were studied in the excision and burn wound models, while tensile strength was measured in incision wound model. Results Treatment of wound with 80% methanol extract of Justicia schimperiana leaves using 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) ointment formulation induced significant (P<0.05) improvement in wound contraction rate, epithelialization time and skin breaking strength in excision, incision and burn wound model, respectively as compared to negative control. The chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions with 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) ointment formulation showed significant (p<0.001) improvement in wound contraction and epithelialization time in excision wound model as compared to the negative control group. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that the 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Justicia schimperiana leaves possess wound healing activity.","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"167 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41789867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Oral Administration of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae) on Blood Glucose Levels in Wistar Rats","authors":"F. Kasali, J. Kadima, J. Tusiimire, C. O. Ajayi, A. Agaba","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S356564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S356564","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that poses a major global health threat. The current diabetes mellitus uses insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, which have limitations, including adverse effects and secondary failures. Herbal medicine is being evaluated for its role in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes. This study was aimed to assess the anti-diabetic potential and short-term toxicity level of Chenopodium ambrosioides collected from Bukavu in Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods Leaves of C. ambrosioides were extracted by infusion and maceration with distilled water and 95% methanol, respectively. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic potentials of the aqueous and methanolic were investigated in normoglycemic and intraperitoneal glucose-loaded rats at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. An oral acute toxicity test was carried out on healthy female Wistar rats. Results Acute toxicity test showed the mean lethal dose (LD50) for both aqueous and methanol extracts of C. ambrosioides to be more than 2000 mg/kg. The group treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w) and aqueous extract of the plant (200 mg/kg b.w) showed a significant reduction (p< 0.0001 and p< 0.05) of fasting blood glucose by 46.91% and 16.72%, respectively, compared to control and all other treatment groups. In acute conditions, a single oral administration of the aqueous and methanolic extracts lowered fasting blood glucose in rats. Any manifestation and signs of toxicity and mortality have been recorded for 14 days of observation. Conclusion Leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. ambrosioides appeared safe at 2000 mg/kg. The plant demonstrated some anti-diabetic potential in rats, explaining its use as an anti-diabetic remedy locally.","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"139 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43137313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of HPLF-111624 in Modified Experimental Models of Ulcerative Proctitis and Anal Fissure in Rats","authors":"M. Onkaramurthy, M. Azeemuddin, M. Baig, Pavan Heggadadevanakote Kendaganna, M. Rafiq, U. Babu","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S345599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S345599","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although ulcerative proctitis (UP) and anal fissure (AF) are common anorectal diseases, there are no appropriate experimental models to screen the drugs intended for these conditions. In this context, existing experimental models mimicking these diseases were modified and the polyherbal formulation, HPLF-111624 was evaluated in these models. Objective To establish animal model for UP and AF and to evaluate polyherbal formulation, HPLF-111624 in these disease models. Methods An experimental model of UP was selected based on the modification of the ulcerative colitis model using different concentrations of acetic acid. The concentration used for induction were 2.5%, 5% and 10% v/v and different weights used to induce AF were 25 g, 50 g and 100 g, which were selected based on the severity of inflammation, fecal score, gross pathology, and histopathological evaluation. Furthermore, these animal models were used to evaluate the efficacy of HPLF-111624, a polyherbal formulation known to be beneficial in anal diseases. Results Acetic acid at 5% produced typical pathological changes that resembled UP, with a significant increase in the fecal score, gross lesion, and histopathological changes. Similarly, among the three weights, physical injury with a 100 g weight produced significant changes in the histopathological score in the model of AF. Intervention with HPLF-111624 at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt., showed a reduction in the inflammatory cytokines and a significant improvement in the histopathological findings in both the conditions. Conclusion The results showed that the modified experimental models for UP and AF resemble the human pathological conditions and are simple, versatile and may be used for screening drugs intended for these conditions. Intervention with HPLF-111624 was found to be effective in improving the pathological state of UP and AF.","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"149 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42173335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}