Journal of Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Antidiabetic Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Verbascum Sinaiticum</i> Benth (Scrophulariaceae) Leaves in Mice.","authors":"Beyene Dereje, Aschalew Nardos, Jemal Abdela, Lidet Terefe, Melese Arega, Terfo Mikre Yilma, Tilahun Tesfaye","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S437991","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S437991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because of the scarcity, high cost, and severe side effects of current medications, it is necessary to discover novel, safe, and affordable anti-diabetic drugs. The current study was conducted to evaluate the antidiabetic activities of <i>Verbascum sinaiticum</i> Benth leaves in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leaf coarse powder was extracted with 80% methanol and then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The glucose-lowering effects of <i>V. sinaiticum</i> at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg were then studied. Glibenclamide was used as a positive control at a dose of 5 mg/kg. For oral glucose tolerance tests and hypoglycemia tests, Tween 2% was used as a negative control, while citrate buffer was used as a negative control for antihyperglycemic investigations. The results from the study were evaluated using one-way ANOVA, and then Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood glucose levels were significantly reduced by the <i>V. sinaiticum</i> 80% methanol extract at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05). The blood glucose levels were significantly lowered by the aqueous residue at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05) and the ethyl acetate fractions at 200 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001); however, none of the fraction extracts resulted in hypoglycemic shock in healthy mice. Higher glucose tolerance was seen in orally glucose-loaded mice after exposure to 80% methanol extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.05), the aqueous residual fraction at 200 mg/kg (p<0.01), and the ethyl acetate fraction at 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.05). The ethyl acetate fraction at 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.01), the 80% methanol extract at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05) and the aqueous residue at 400 mg/kg (p 0.01) significantly lowered blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study revealed that the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of <i>V. sinaiticum</i> Benth leaves are endowed with antidiabetic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"423-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10642538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107591444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Azithromycin and STING Agonist Promote IFN-I Production by Enhancing the Activation of STING-TBK1 Signaling.","authors":"Kanoktip Petcharat, Narongsuk Munkong, Rungthip Thongboontho, Widsanusan Chartarrayawadee, Arthid Thim-Uam","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S433181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S433181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-viral infection properties by enhancing type-I interferon (IFN-I) responses. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) can directly induce IFN-I production. However, elevated IFN-I induces auto-immune phenotypes such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The effects of AZM and STING on the production of IFN-I are unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the role of AZM and STING on IFN-I responses in macrophages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with AZM with and without a STING-agonist (DMXAA), and the maturation of macrophages was determined using flow cytometry. Gene expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, protein expression was investigated using Western blot assays and immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that AZM significantly induced M1 phenotypes, promoting surface molecule expansion of CD80 and MHC-II and production of IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines on DMXAA-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, we found that AZM-increased mRNA levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) could be due to the high expression of STNG-TBK1 signaling in the presence of DMXAA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that AZM enhancement of IFN-I responses was STING dependent in DMXAA-stimulated macrophages. These data underline a novel approach to AZM action-mediated STING-TBK1 signaling for regulating IFN-I responses and may further augment the scientific basis and potential use of AZM in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"407-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10625772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Premna schimperi Engl (Lamiaceae) Leaves in Rats","authors":"Melese Arega, Aschalew Nardos, Asfaw Debella, Beyene Dereje, Lidet Terefe, Abiy Abebe","doi":"10.2147/jep.s432615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jep.s432615","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Even though it is a protective reaction, inflammation continues to be one of the most challenging medical disorders. The current conventional anti-inflammatory drugs have many undesirable health effects and are in need of newer drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous methanol crude extract of Premna schimperi leaves. Methods: Premna schimperi leaf was extracted with 80% methanol and concentrated; the concentrated extract was used to evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of Premna schimperi extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered and observed for 14 days. Acute, sub-acute, and chronic anti-inflammatory models were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract compared to the standard drug. Data were analyzed with SPSS V. 27, and the significance was established with a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey’s test. Results: Acute oral toxicity testing at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not show any sign of toxicity. According to the phytochemical study, the plants contained flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phenolics, and anthraquinones. The extract doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg of extracts effectively (p< 0.001) reduced paw edema in the acute and sub-acute models of inflammation. When compared to the negative control group, all tested doses in the chronic model significantly (p< 0.05) decreased the production of exudates and the amount of granuloma tissue. Conclusion: Premna schimperi displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The tested doses inhibit the formation of edema, granulomas, and exudates. Keywords: anti-inflammation, carrageenan, indomethacin, paw edema, Premna schimperi","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"16 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Fungus-Derived Nornidulin as a Novel TMEM16A Inhibitor: A Potential Therapy to Inhibit Mucus Secretion in Asthma","authors":"Pawin Pongkorpsakol, Chantapol Yimnual, Wilasinee Satianrapapong, Nichakorn Worakajit, Suchada Kaewin, Praphatsorn Saetang, Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, Chatchai Muanprasat","doi":"10.2147/jep.s427594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jep.s427594","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Inhibition of Ca2+-activated transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Cl− channels has been proposed to alleviate mucus secretion in asthma. In this study, we identified a novel class of TMEM16A inhibitors from natural sources in airway epithelial Calu-3 cells and determine anti-asthmatic efficacy of the most potent candidate in a mouse model of asthma. Methods For electrophysiological analyses, IL-4-primed Calu-3 cell monolayers were mounted in Ussing chamber and treated with various fungus-derived depsidones prior to the addition of UTP, ionomycin, thapsigargin, or Eact to stimulate TMEM16A Cl− current. Ca2+-induced mucus secretion in Calu-3 cell monolayers was assessed by determining MUC5AC protein remaining in the cells using immunofluorescence staining. OVA-induced female BALB/c mice was used as an animal model of asthma. After the course of induction, cellular and mucus components in bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed. Lungs were fixed and undergone with H&E and PAS staining for the evaluation of airway inflammation and mucus production, respectively. Results The screening of fungus-derived depsidones revealed that nornidulin completely abolished the UTP-activated TMEM16A current in Calu-3 cell monolayers with the IC50 and a maximal effect being at ~0.8 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Neither cell viability nor barrier function was affected by nornidulin. Mechanistically, nornidulin (10 µM) suppressed Cl− currents induced by ionomycin (a Ca2+-specific ionophore), thapsigargin (an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase), and Eact (a putative TMEM16A activator) without interfering with intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels. These results suggest that nornidulin exerts its effect without changing [Ca2+]i, possibly through direct effect on TMEM16A. Interestingly, nornidulin (at 10 µM) reduced Ca2+-dependent mucus release in the Calu-3 cell monolayers. In addition, nornidulin (20 mg/kg) inhibited bronchoalveolar mucus secretion without impeding airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. Discussion and Conclusion Our study revealed that nornidulin is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor that suppresses mucus secretion without compromising immunologic activity. Further development of nornidulin may provide a new remedy for asthma or other diseases associated with allergic mucus hypersecretion without causing opportunistic infections.","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"10 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activities of the 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Maesa lanceolata</i> Forssk (Myrsinaceae) Leaves in Mice.","authors":"Alemayehu Megersa,&nbsp;Beyene Dereje,&nbsp;Meaza Adugna,&nbsp;Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun,&nbsp;Eshetie Melese Birru","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S429403","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S429403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the limits of present antidiarrheal medications, it is critical to seek novel, safe, and inexpensive antidiarrheal agents. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of <i>Maesa lanceolata</i> leaves in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leaf powder was extracted by 80% methanol and then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. At 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, the effects of the crude extract on castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility tests were investigated. Tween 2% and atropine used as negative and positive controls, respectively. A gastrointestinal motility test was used to explore the anti-motility effects. Data were analyzed with SPSS V. 26, and the significance was established with a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The crude extract delayed the onset of diarrhea and significantly reduced the number of fecal drops at 100 (p<0.05), 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001). Similarly, the number and weight of wet feces, as well as total fresh feces, were reduced at 200 (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) compared to Tween 2%. The enteropooling test demonstrated that the extracts significantly reduced the volume and weight of intestine content at 200 (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001). The anti-motility activity test revealed that the all extracts decreased gastrointestinal motility significantly (p<0.001). The ethyl acetate fraction significantly reduced gastrointestinal transit time at all doses (p<0.001). At 400 mg/kg, the activities of the n-hexane fraction were significant (p<0.01). The efficacy of the residual aqueous fraction on gastrointestinal motility was significant at 200 (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 80% methanol extract of <i>Maesa lanceolata</i> Forssk leaf and solvent fractions were shown to exhibit potent antidiarrheal activity in the current study.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"391-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Effects of the 80% Methanolic Extract of Datura Stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice.","authors":"Temesgen Baylie,&nbsp;Assefa Kebad,&nbsp;Tiget Ayelgn,&nbsp;Markeshaw Tiruneh,&nbsp;Kibur Hunie Tesfa","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S426925","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S426925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Managing diabetes mellitus with currently available drugs is costly, and the chances of side effects are high, leading to further studies for new and better medications from plant sources with the affordable and lower side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of <i>Datura stramonium</i> Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 150mg/kg of STZ. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, five mice per group. Group I was a normal control, Group II was Diabetic negative control, group III was Diabetic positive control, Group IV-VI were Diabetic Mice that treated with extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. After 14th day of treatment the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether. Then, blood was drawn by cardiac puncture to assess TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extract of <i>D. stramonium</i> reduced the FBG level by 19.71%, 30.27%, 40.95%, and 45.67%, respectively, for <i>D. stramonium</i> 100, 200, 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 14th day of treatment. Diabetic mice treated with <i>D. stramonium</i> for 14 days   showed a significant decrease in serum TC, LDL, and serum TG and a significant increase in body weight, and HDL level as compared to diabetic negative control. Antioxidant activities of the leaves extract were comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 172.79 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings revealed that the <i>D. stramonium</i> leaves extract possesses significant Anti-diabetic activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"375-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/3e/jep-15-375.PMC10590592.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Topical Formulation Containing Ciplukan (<i>Physalis angulata</i> Linn.) in Modulating Interleukin-17 and Interferon Gamma Expression in Mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) Psoriasis Model.","authors":"Oki Suwarsa,&nbsp;Hartati Purbo Dharmadji,&nbsp;Enny Rohmawaty,&nbsp;Shela Mareta,&nbsp;Hendra Gunawan,&nbsp;Reiva Farah Dwiyana,&nbsp;Pati Aji Achdiat,&nbsp;Endang Sutedja,&nbsp;Miranti Pangastuti","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S427615","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S427615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris (PV). Topical corticosteroids are still utilised as first-line therapy for mild to moderate PV. However, long-term use of corticosteroid is associated with various side effects. <i>Physalis angulata</i> Linn. (Ciplukan) possesses anti-inflammatory properties that could serve as a potential alternative topical therapy for PV.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the efficacy of topical ciplukan as an anti-inflammatory agent targeting the expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psoriasis was induced using imiquimod cream, therefore divided into five groups. Group I, the psoriasis control group, received only imiquimod cream. Groups C1 and C2 received imiquimod cream followed by a mixture of Ciplukan and vaseline in a 1:2 and 1:4 ratio, respectively. Group M, the standard therapy group, received imiquimod cream, followed by mometasone furoate cream. Lastly, group V, the vehicle group, received imiquimod cream followed by vaseline album. Expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ in mice's skin tissue was analysed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after seven days of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean expression of IL-17 in Group C1 (22.60) was significantly lower (p = 0.012) than in the psoriasis control group (23.60), and there was no significant difference (p = 0.613) in Group M (22.41). The mean expression of IFN-γ in Group C1 (26.97) and Group C2 (27.03) was also significantly lower (p = 0.026 and p = 0.026, respectively) than Group I (28.80), and there was no significant difference (p = 0.180 and p = 0.093, respectively) than Group M (26.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ in the ciplukan group is lower than in the psoriasis control group, and there is no significant difference compared to the standard therapy group.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/df/jep-15-367.PMC10572380.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41235882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemopreventive Activity of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of <i>Vernonia auriculifera</i> Hiern (Asteraceae) Against Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Rats.","authors":"Yohannes Tsegyie Wondmkun, Ephrem Engidawork, Wajana Lako Labisso, Anteneh Belete, Solomon Tesfaye, Yonas Girma Shumiye","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S421338","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S421338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Vernonia auriculifera</i> Hiern (Asteraceae) is among Ethiopian herbal medicines that are traditionally used to treat skin and gastrointestinal cancers. In this study, the chemopreventive potential of <i>Vernonia auriculifera</i> leaf extract in dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were assigned to nine groups (normal, positive, and negative control groups, and three pre- and three post-initiation groups). Except for the normal control group (administered with 1 mL/100 g distilled water), the remaining eight groups were given DMH (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (ip) for 15 consecutive weeks to induce colorectal tumours. The extract was given orally to the pre-initiation and post-initiation groups at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg before and after the induction of cancer, respectively. The positive control group was treated with aspirin (60 mg/kg/day) orally for the whole experimental period. Parameters including body weight, average tumour number, size, progression, incidence, total cholesterol, serum total protein, and triglyceride levels were determined. The cytotoxic activity of the extract in Caco-2 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay, and the antioxidant activity of the extract was also assessed using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and reducing power methods. Moreover, total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined using appropriate methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rats treated with the extract showed a lower incidence of up to 50% in the pre-initiation higher dose, average number (<i>p</i><0.05),and size (<i>p</i><0.05) of tumours compared to untreated rats. It also inhibited colorectal cancer-associated increases in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. The extract's IC₅₀ value in the MTT assay was found to be higher than 200 µg/mL. The extract had an IC₅₀ of 74.88 ± 0.86 µg/mL and 84.69 ± 2.02 µg/mL in the reducing power and DPPH assays, respectively. Total flavonoid and phenol contents were 14.51 ± 0.41 mg quercetin acid equivalent/gm and 47.37 ± 0.72 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm of the crude extract, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings collectively indicated that the leaves of <i>V. auriculifera</i> possess chemopreventive activity, probably mediated through antioxidant mechanisms, which supports the traditional claim.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"333-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/33/jep-15-333.PMC10488718.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10224016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Convulsant Activity of Soxhlet Leaf Extracts of <i>Ajuga Integrifolia</i> Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don (Lamiaceae) in Mice.","authors":"Tesfaye Desalegn,&nbsp;Ephrem Engidawork","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S409099","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S409099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The leaves of <i>Ajuga integrifolia</i> Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Lamiaceae) have long been used as an anti-convulsant remedy in Ethiopian traditional medicine. However, the evidence supporting their use is sparse in the literature. This study was conducted to add to the existing body of knowledge about the anti-convulsant activity of the plant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anti-convulsant activity of the extract was investigated in both acute (pentylenetetrazol [PTZ], 80 mg/kg; and maximal electroshock [MES]) and chronic (PTZ, 35 mg/kg) kindling seizure models. For the experimental paradigms, various doses of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered. Positive controls received sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) for the PTZ model and phenytoin (25 mg/kg) for the MES model. Parameters including the onset of clonus and duration of hindlimb tonic extension were recorded and compared with controls. Moreover, the total alkaloid, flavonoid, and phenol contents of the extracts were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ethyl acetate extract produced a superior effect among all solvent extracts in both the PTZ and MES models. At all doses, it significantly delayed the mean onset of clonus (<i>p</i><0.01) in the PTZ test compared to controls. It also significantly reduced (<i>p</i><0.001) the mean duration of hindlimb tonic extension in the MES model. Treatment of mice with 200 mg/kg (<i>p</i><0.01) and 400 mg/kg (<i>p</i><0.001) of ethyl acetate extract significantly protected against PTZ-induced kindling compared to controls. The leaf was found to contain 10.002±0.119 mg atropine equivalent per gram of dry extract of alkaloids, 9.045±0.8445 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry extract of flavonoids, and 21.928±1.118 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract of phenols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated that the plant <i>A. integrifolia</i> has anti-convulsant activity in both acute and chronic models of seizure. This plant represents a potential source for the development of a new anti-epileptic drug for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"241-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/b0/jep-15-241.PMC10239258.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9584117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiulcer Effect of Aqueous Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Pseudocedrela kotschyi</i> (Schweinf) Harms (Meliaceae) and <i>Ximenia americana</i> L. (Olacaceae).","authors":"Edwige T Delma, Moussa Ouédraogo, Aimé S Ouédraogo, Arsène W Nikiema, Moustapha Abdoulaye Gambo, Norbert Ramde, Estelle N H Youl, Assita Sanou-Lamien, Olga Mélanie Lompo, Pierre I Guissou","doi":"10.2147/JEP.S393168","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JEP.S393168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to provide pharmacological evidence of <i>Pseudocedrela kotschyi</i> and <i>Ximenia americana</i> in preventing or healing peptic ulcers claimed by traditional healers in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The trunk bark of <i>Pseudocedrela kotschyi</i> and the roots bark of <i>Ximenia americana</i> (Olacaceae) were macerated in mixed ethanol/water (80:20), respectively, to obtain dried extracts. Two models of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.3 M/ethanol, 60%) and hypothermic stress-induced peptic ulcer were used. The cytoprotective effect of individual or combined plant extracts was assessed at 1; 10; 30mg/kg. bw. Then, the healing effect of the extracts at 10mg/kg.bw was evaluated within 21 days of treatment on the hydrochloric acid-induced ulcer model. The extracts' antioxidant activity and phenolic content were assessed to support the plant extracts' efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extracts of <i>P. kotschyi</i> and <i>X. americana</i> at 10 mg/kg.bw reduced ulceration index in hydrochloric acid- and hypothermic stress-ulcer models by more than 83% and 65%, respectively. The extract from <i>X. americana</i> at 10mg/kg.bw allowed complete ulcer healing but not the association of the two plant extracts. The plant extracts had IC₅₀of inhibition of DPPH radical lower than 5μg/mL and total ferric reducing antioxidant power of more than 77 mg EQAA/100mg. The total polyphenolic content was 64.82 ±0.99 and 53.75 ±1.39 mg EGA/g of dried extract of <i>P. kotschyi</i> and <i>X. americana</i>, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>X. americana</i> extract is better than the combined two plant extracts in gastric cytoprotection and ulcer healing. Further investigations are needed to highlight mechanism-based effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"15 ","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/a0/jep-15-231.PMC10237205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9584115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}