Mireia Santamaria-Rincon, Marta Miragall, Lorena Desdentado, Pedro Sarrión, Rosa María Baños
{"title":"Pathways to Well-being: A Multilevel Network Analysis of Associations Between Strengths Use, Values-Based Actions, Well-being, and Emotional Distress in Daily Life","authors":"Mireia Santamaria-Rincon, Marta Miragall, Lorena Desdentado, Pedro Sarrión, Rosa María Baños","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01117-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01117-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the dynamic interplay between strengths use, values-based actions, well-being, and emotional distress (i.e., anxiety and sadness) in daily life. Using an ecological momentary assessment design, 115 participants from the general population reported these variables three times per day over 10 days. Multilevel vector autoregressive (mlVAR) network models were estimated to disentangle contemporaneous, temporal, and between-person associations. At the within-person level, contemporaneous analyses showed that higher strengths use and engagement in values-based actions in the preceding hours were associated with greater momentary well-being and lower levels of anxiety and sadness at the same time point. In contrast, temporal analyses revealed no prospective effects of strengths use or values-based actions on subsequent well-being or emotional distress; emotional states showed strong autoregressive stability, while strengths use and values-based actions predicted each other across time. At the between-person level, individuals with higher average well-being reported greater engagement in values-based actions and lower anxiety, with values-based actions indirectly linking strengths use to well-being. Overall, strengths use and values-based actions were consistently and robustly interconnected across all network levels, indicating that these processes tend to covary within the same time points and predict each other over time at the within-person level, and are associated across individuals at the between-subject level. Our results emphasize the potential benefits of increasing both the use of strengths and engagement in values-based actions, particularly through micro-interventions, where the expected effects are immediate or nearly immediate.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semantic Schema and Group Differences in Everyday Conceptions of Happiness and Unhappiness: An Investigation with a Word-association Network","authors":"Zeyu Lyu, Zhemeng Xie, Sachiko Yasuda, Aguru Ishibashi, Takaharu Saito, Hiroki Takikawa","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01113-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01113-4","url":null,"abstract":"What does happiness mean to ordinary people? Answering this requires examining not only the components people associate with happiness, but also how these components are organized and structurally connected into a semantic schema. The same questions apply to its conceptual counterpart—unhappiness—and to how both vary across social groups. To address these questions, this study employs a word-association network approach to investigate the semantic schemas and group differences in people’s perceptions of happiness and unhappiness. Specifically, we create semantic representations of happiness and unhappiness using a word-association task in which participants freely listed words they associate with happiness and unhappiness, and then listed further words associated with each response; these word pairs are used to construct association networks from which underlying schemas are identified and demographic differences examined. Based on a survey conducted in Japan, our findings reveal major components, such as “<italic>Wealth</italic>” and “<italic>Relationships</italic>,” widely identified in existing theories, as well as underrepresented components, such as “<italic>Food</italic>.” Moreover, our analysis provides insights into the structural relationships among these components, allowing us to understand how different components are connected to one another and what roles they play within the schema. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the word-association network approach provides a useful framework for investigating how everyday conceptions of happiness and unhappiness differ across demographic groups, revealing variation across groups in both schema structure and specific semantic features. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of word-association networks for capturing everyday conceptions of happiness and unhappiness, offering both theoretical insights and practical implications for developing more accurate and culturally grounded measures.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wives’ Managerial Employment and Husbands’ Well-Being: Evidence of Intra-household Asymmetry in Japan","authors":"Kazuma Sato","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01104-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01104-5","url":null,"abstract":"While a large empirical literature examines the link between professional advancement and well-being, most evidence originates from Western contexts and overlooks intra-household spillovers. This study addresses these gaps using Japanese panel data to analyze how spousal managerial employment is associated with individual happiness. Three main findings emerge. First, the results document a consistent pattern of gender asymmetry: husbands report lower levels of happiness in observations where their wives hold managerial positions, whereas wives’ well-being is not systematically associated with their husbands’ managerial status. Second, despite higher household income associated with wives’ managerial roles, husbands’ income satisfaction shows no corresponding increase. Furthermore, while wives adjust their own time allocation, husbands’ labor supply and domestic work duration remain largely unchanged regardless of their wives’ status. Third, heterogeneity analyses indicate that the negative association between a wife’s managerial status and her husband’s well-being is more pronounced in households where the wife is the primary earner, among husbands with lower educational attainment, and in couples where the wife holds a managerial position but the husband does not. This pattern is broadly consistent with interpretations that emphasize the role of gender norms and the salience of deviations from traditional role expectations.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katie E. Gunnell, Andrea L. Howard, Joshua C. Remedios, Madeline E. Wadlow
{"title":"Quantity and Quality of Screen Time: The relationship between Screen-Related Psychological Needs and Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being","authors":"Katie E. Gunnell, Andrea L. Howard, Joshua C. Remedios, Madeline E. Wadlow","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01106-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01106-3","url":null,"abstract":"Rather than focusing on hours spent on screens (i.e., screen time), examining if key psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are met during screen time (i.e., screen-related needs) might differentiate the quality of screen time and its relationship with well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement of screen-related psychological needs as quality indicators of screen time and their relationship with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being beyond the effect of screen time quantity (i.e., hours). Cross-sectional (Study 1; <italic>N</italic> = 348; M<sub>age</sub> = 19.56 years, 74.1% female) and 1-week daily experience sampling (Study 2; <italic>N</italic> = 645; M<sub>age</sub> = 20.34 years, 80.1% woman at Time 1) studies with self-report surveys were conducted with Canadian university students. Across studies, the modified measure to assess quality of screen time was best represented as 6 correlated factors. In both studies, at one time point, satisfaction variables were related to positive indicators of well-being whereas frustration variables were related to negative affect beyond screen time duration with practically meaningful effects (<italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> = .23-.67 and Δ<italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> = .14-.67). In Study 2, at the daily level, higher screen-related need satisfaction was associated with better well-being (within- and between-persons; fixed effects <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> = .15-.24). Overall, researchers interested in links between screen time and well-being should include assessments of the quality of screen time rather than just how long people spend on the screens.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Shabir Faizi,Dusanee Kesavayuth,Le Bao Ngoc Nguyen,Vasileios Zikos
{"title":"Subjective well-being and the willingness to take risks","authors":"Ahmad Shabir Faizi,Dusanee Kesavayuth,Le Bao Ngoc Nguyen,Vasileios Zikos","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01099-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01099-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tess Röder, Gabriel Olaru, Manon van Scheppingen, Eeske van Roekel
{"title":"The Temporal Effects of Meaningful and Pleasurable Activities on Affective Wellbeing and Stress: Insights from an Experience Sampling Study","authors":"Tess Röder, Gabriel Olaru, Manon van Scheppingen, Eeske van Roekel","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01108-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01108-1","url":null,"abstract":"Pleasurable activities enhance affective wellbeing, but potentially only briefly, whereas meaningful activities may have a more enduring effect on affective wellbeing. To explore these dynamics, we examined how meaningful and pleasurable activities impact momentary and later positive and negative affect and stress. 193 participants (74.9% female, M<sub>age</sub> = 25.8) completed ESM questionnaires for 14 days (5x/day). Preregistered analyses using Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (DSEM) revealed that both meaningfulness and pleasure were positively associated with positive affect (PA) at the same and later timepoint (about 2.5 h later). Only pleasurable activities reduced negative affect (NA) and stress at both timepoints. Lagged effects were no longer present after accounting for the autoregressive effects of PA, NA, and stress, indicating that later associations were largely explained by the carryover of affect from one moment to the next (emotional inertia). These findings highlight the immediate emotional benefits of pleasurable activities, and to some extent of meaningful ones, while suggesting that these activities do not provide an additional boost to affect beyond this carryover.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert W. Booth, Elif Şengül, Gubse N. Aydın, Beril Başara, Kaan Erhan, Ozan Erkocaoğlan, Hasan Kuşpınar, Kaan Yaldırak, Ceren Yılmaz
{"title":"Optimism Bias is Both a Cross-Sectional and a Longitudinal Predictor of Positive Mood","authors":"Robert W. Booth, Elif Şengül, Gubse N. Aydın, Beril Başara, Kaan Erhan, Ozan Erkocaoğlan, Hasan Kuşpınar, Kaan Yaldırak, Ceren Yılmaz","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01110-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01110-7","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy people tend to rate positive events as being more likely to happen to them than negative events. Here, we call this ‘optimism bias’. Other operationalisations of optimism are associated with mood, affect, and mental well-being; however, we do not yet have a clear picture of the relationship between optimism bias and mood. We examined these relationships by re-analysing three of our existing datasets, collected from students in Istanbul. In Study 1, optimism bias showed a substantial cross-sectional correlation with positive mood, but not with negative mood; its correlation with positive mood was distinct from its correlation with depressive symptom severity. In Studies 2 and 3, optimism bias longitudinally predicted positive mood, 1 and 4 weeks later. This longitudinal relationship was specific: optimism bias did not predict later negative mood, or depressive or anxious symptoms; none of these other variables reliably predicted later positive mood. Furthermore, the longitudinal relationship was unidirectional, in that positive mood did not predict later optimism bias. Future research should investigate whether this longitudinal relationship operates within- or between-persons, and whether optimism bias might be a potential target for mood interventions.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward Understanding the Subjectivity of Teacher Well-Being: An Application of Q Methodology","authors":"Athip Thumvichit","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01101-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01101-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although many instruments exist to assess teacher well-being (TWB), this study developed the PERMA Q Sort (PERMA-Q) and applied Q methodology to examine the subjectivity of TWB. Data were collected through a card-sorting task and semi-structured interviews with 62 Thai secondary school teachers who were recognized as “happy teachers.” By-person factor analysis was conducted to reveal shared viewpoints on potential sources of TWB, namely, students’ success , social support , instructional pride , and students’ experience . Across participant clusters, student-related meanings were prominent but differed in emphasis (outcomes versus classroom experience). Collegial relationships and a sense of belonging defined one cluster, whereas another focused on accomplishment through improving instruction and seeing students’ progress. In addition to its empirical evidence, this study offers methodological contributions by demonstrating how Q methodology can be used to identify and compare distinct viewpoints that may be overlooked by large-sample surveys.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Intergenerational Ambivalence Matters: How Attitudinal Modernity Moderates Its Associations with Mental Health and Well-being Among Middle-aged and Older Adults","authors":"Yinkai Zhang,Xue Zhang,Yu Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01098-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01098-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}