Conservation Letters最新文献

{"title":"Changes in wild meat hunting and use by rural communities during the COVID-19 socio-economic shock","authors":"Charles A. Emogor,&nbsp;Lauren Coad,&nbsp;Ben Balmford,&nbsp;Daniel J. Ingram,&nbsp;Diane Detoeuf,&nbsp;Robert J. Fletcher Jr.,&nbsp;Inaoyom Imong,&nbsp;Andrew Dunn,&nbsp;Andrew Balmford","doi":"10.1111/conl.13042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is limited quantitative evidence of the effects of socio-economic shocks on biological resource use. Focusing on wild meat hunting, a substantial livelihood and food source in tropical regions, we evaluated the impacts of the shock from Nigeria's coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown on species exploitation around a global biodiversity hotspot. Using a 3-year quantitative dataset collected during and after the lockdown (covering 1008 hunter-months) and matching by time of year, we found that successful hunting trip rates were more frequent during the lockdown, with a corresponding increase in the monthly number, mass, and value of animals caught. Moreover, hunters consumed a larger proportion of wild meat and sold less during lockdown, compared to non-lockdown periods. These results suggest that local communities relied on wild meat to supplement reduced food and income during the lockdown, buffering the COVID-19's socio-economic shock. Our findings also indicate that wild species may be especially vulnerable to increased hunting pressure during socio-economic shocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical maps improve the identification of forests with potentially high conservation value","authors":"Ewa Grabska-Szwagrzyk,&nbsp;Michał Jakiel,&nbsp;William Keeton,&nbsp;Jacek Kozak,&nbsp;Tobias Kuemmerle,&nbsp;Kamil Onoszko,&nbsp;Krzysztof Ostafin,&nbsp;Mahsa Shahbandeh,&nbsp;Piotr Szubert,&nbsp;Anna Szwagierczak,&nbsp;Jerzy Szwagrzyk,&nbsp;Elżbieta Ziółkowska,&nbsp;Dominik Kaim","doi":"10.1111/conl.13043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 aims to better protect natural ecosystems with high biodiversity and climate change mitigation potential. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to identify forests worth protecting, such as those characterized by long continuity and old age. Here, we propose a robust approach that combines historical maps from the mid-19th century with remote sensing data to identify areas that have been forested for over 150 years, aiming to reduce the need for detailed and time-consuming field investigations in potential conservation areas. We tested this approach in a 20,000 km² region in the Polish Carpathians, an area likely containing many unprotected forests of high conservation value, where historical maps from the mid-19th century are representative of much of Central Europe. Our results showed that an area of approximately 4200 km² has been continuously forested since at least the mid-19th century. Currently, 50% of these forests are outside protected areas, representing an important conservation opportunity. More generally, our approach can support the identification of valuable forests worth protecting before they are lost and provide useful insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the ongoing debate on the challenges of improving forest conservation in the Carpathians, and Europe more widely.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of protected areas in conserving African elephants","authors":"Roberto J. Correa,&nbsp;Peter A. Lindsey,&nbsp;Rob Critchlow,&nbsp;Colin M. Beale,&nbsp;Jonas Geldmann,&nbsp;Andrew J. Plumptre","doi":"10.1111/conl.13041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protected areas have been gazetted to protect natural resources and biodiversity, but evaluations of effectiveness rarely include measures of species population change. We compiled annual site-level spending and elephant population data for 102 protected areas conserving either savannah (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) or forest (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i>) elephants, which showed a median annual population decline of −0.78% across the protected areas. Site-level population change was strongly associated with funding and government effectiveness. Annual funding deficits occurred in 78% of the protected areas, and when comparing necessary levels of annual spend to stabilize elephant populations, we estimate a US$1.5 billion annual funding deficit across all the protected areas. While financial investment can improve elephant conservation outcomes, there is still a need to identify where and how to best finance elephant poaching interventions, requiring a global commitment to improve the socioeconomic impacts of protected areas on local communities and reduce ivory demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing an intervention codesigned with stakeholders for altering wildlife consumption: Health messaging matters","authors":"Sifan Hu,&nbsp;Kaiwen Zhou,&nbsp;Zhijian Liang,&nbsp;Tien Ming Lee,&nbsp;Diogo Veríssimo,&nbsp;Xiangdong Ruan,&nbsp;Amy Hinsley","doi":"10.1111/conl.13040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consumer behavior change is a key priority to address the illegal wildlife trade, but evaluation of these interventions is lacking. We used surveys and randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of three types of messages, which were codesigned with key stakeholders, with 2496 potential consumers and nontarget consumers in China. We found a 23% decrease in intention among potential consumers to use wild animal medicinal products by health-related messages, and a 14% decrease by legality-related messages, compared with the control group, though the effect size was small. Furthermore, we revealed that the effect of health-related messages occurred indirectly by increasing health risk perceptions associated with improper utilization of wild animals. Yet, we did not find a clear effect pathway of the legality-related messages. Regarding the nontarget consumers, information of whistleblowing platforms and incentives improved willingness to report illegal wildlife use directly, as well as indirectly through adding messages to increase perceived legality risk of using wild products and improve self-efficacy in identifying legal products. Our findings can inform future larger scale efforts to influence wildlife consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity monitoring in Europe: User and policy needs","authors":"Hannah Moersberger,&nbsp;Jose Valdez,&nbsp;Juliette G. C. Martin,&nbsp;Jessica Junker,&nbsp;Ivelina Georgieva,&nbsp;Silke Bauer,&nbsp;Pedro Beja,&nbsp;Tom D. Breeze,&nbsp;Miguel Fernandez,&nbsp;Néstor Fernández,&nbsp;Lluís Brotons,&nbsp;Ute Jandt,&nbsp;Helge Bruelheide,&nbsp;W. Daniel Kissling,&nbsp;Christian Langer,&nbsp;Camino Liquete,&nbsp;Maria Lumbierres,&nbsp;Anne Lyche Solheim,&nbsp;Joachim Maes,&nbsp;Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez,&nbsp;Francisco Moreira,&nbsp;Guy Pe'er,&nbsp;Joana Santana,&nbsp;Judy Shamoun-Baranes,&nbsp;Bruno Smets,&nbsp;César Capinha,&nbsp;Ian McCallum,&nbsp;Henrique M. Pereira,&nbsp;Aletta Bonn","doi":"10.1111/conl.13038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To achieve the goals of the 2030 Global Biodiversity Framework, the European Biodiversity Strategy, and the EU Green Deal, biodiversity monitoring is critical. Monitoring efforts in Europe, however, suffer from gaps and biases in taxonomy, spatial coverage, and temporal resolution, resulting in fragmented and disconnected data. To assess user and policy needs in biodiversity monitoring, we employed a four-step user-centered stakeholder engagement process with over 300 stakeholders including a public stakeholder workshop, online survey, interviews, and a meeting with experts from 18 EU member states, the European Commission, and the European Environment Agency. The stakeholders identified policy needs, current challenges, and potential solutions. Based on the policy and stakeholder assessment, we recommend establishing a European Biodiversity Observation Coordinating Centre to optimize existing observation efforts, harmonize data, and enhance our ability to predict and respond to key challenges related to biodiversity loss in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The last stand: Demographic and population genomic analysis reveals terminal endangerment in tropical timber species Vatica guangxiensis","authors":"Wenji Luo,&nbsp;Qian Tang,&nbsp;Balaji Chattopadhyay,&nbsp;Kritika M. Garg,&nbsp;Frank E. Rheindt,&nbsp;Alison K. S. Wee","doi":"10.1111/conl.13036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropical and subtropical trees provide key ecosystem services but are facing global population decline due to logging, habitat degradation, land conversion, and climate change. <i>Vatica guangxiensis</i> used to be a characteristic timber species of China's tropical forests but is now terminally endangered (280 individuals) and fragmented into three relictual populations in southwest China. Generating genome-wide DNA for ∼82% of all living tree individuals of this species complex, we found evidence for a late Pliocene division into two species-level lineages that have not had gene flow for approximately 3 million years. All three relictual populations exhibited a loss of genetic diversity and recent bottlenecks. In addition, forward simulations indicated a likely population collapse in all three populations within the next century. Our study generates a model framework for the integration of genomic evidence—including evolutionary history, current genetic variation, and future projections—into conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation and human rights: The public commitments of international conservation organizations","authors":"Nicholas Ford-Learner,&nbsp;Jane Addison,&nbsp;Patrick Smallhorn-West","doi":"10.1111/conl.13035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To ensure the protection of both people and nature, conservation practitioners have a responsibility to integrate human rights considerations into their conservation policies and practices. Here, we (i) develop a human rights-based scoring framework for international conservation organization (NGO) policy commitments and (ii) use this to conduct a gap analysis of policy commitments for nine NGOs, which collectively contribute approximately $1.86 billion USD annually to the global conservation budget. While progress has been made, critical gaps remain in commitments to certain rights and recognizing local groups' rights and knowledge, particularly around social development and decent work, recognitional equity, and commitments to implement human rights-based approach principles. Given the influence of these organizations in global public discourse, more comprehensive public commitments to human rights will likely increase compliance with international law, drive organizational change, and help rebuild trust with vulnerable communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establish an US Interagency Wildlife Trade Data System to meet scientific and policy goals","authors":"Jamie K. Reaser","doi":"10.1111/conl.13039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Although widely regarded as the go-to for comprehensive wildlife trade data (Eskew et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Watters et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), short comings of the US Fish &amp; Wildlife (USFWS) Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) have been noted for decades (GAO, &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;; Reaser &amp; Waugh, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). Most recently, Weissgold (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) recommended measures to improve LEMIS quality controls necessary for accurate scientific interpretation and policy application. The temptation to improve LEMIS for such aims is laudable yet inconsistent with its intended function. LEMIS is a law enforcement information system managed by law enforcement staff. It was never envisioned as a platform for advancing scientific goals and it is unlikely to be reprogrammed for such purpose due to limitations of authority and administration. There is substantial need to improve LEMIS data quality to better its regulatory function. Consequently, this can improve scientific application potential, but substantial analytical limits will remain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;LEMIS data are a subset of the multiagency data relative to US wildlife importation. Consistent with the whole of government, science-based approach promulgated by the Executive Office of the President (e.g., The White House, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), the United States urgently needs to establish an Interagency Wildlife Trade Data System (IWTDS) to meet priority scientific and policy goals across the environmental, food security, and human health sectors. Calls for such a system have been made by the government accounting officers (GAO, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) and interagency bodies (e.g., Reaser et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) for decades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wildlife trade data are a fundamental resource for preventing species endangerment as well as mitigating invasive species and zoonotic disease risks. Ideally, IWTDS would be administered by a team of information officers with substantial scientific credentials who collectively serve the six federal agencies that have authorities relative to the US trade in live wildlife and/or derivatives: Customs and Border Protection (Department of Homeland Security), USFWS (Department of the Interior), Animal Health and Inspection Service (Department of Agriculture), Centers for Disease Control (Health and Human Services), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Department of Commerce), and the Food and Drug Administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to facilitate interagency wildlife import data collection, access, management, and analyses, IWTDS policies, standards, formats, and protocols must: (1) enable interoperability of agency-specific trade data platforms; (2) allow for direct access by certified agency personnel; (3) integrate an alert system that informs the agencies when and where a wildlife species under their authority is anticipated to enter the United States; (4) establish a shared directory of terms and codes; (5) harmonize terms,","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An operational methodology to identify Critical Ecosystem Areas to help nations achieve the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework","authors":"Ruben Venegas-Li,&nbsp;Hedley S. Grantham,&nbsp;Hugo Rainey,&nbsp;Alex Diment,&nbsp;Robert Tizard,&nbsp;James E. M. Watson","doi":"10.1111/conl.13037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) will become the most important multilateral agreement to guide biodiversity conservation actions globally over the coming decades. An ecosystem goal and various targets for maintaining integrity, restoring degraded ecosystems, and achieving representation in conservation areas feature throughout the GBF. Here, we provide an operational framework that combines disparate information on ecosystem type, extent, integrity, protection levels, and risk of collapse to support identifying irreplaceable “Critical Ecosystem Areas” (CEAs), to help implement these ecosystem targets. The framework classifies each component ecosystem based on its integrity, importance in ensuring no ecosystem collapse, and relative value in achieving ecosystem-specific representation targets. These CEAs are immediate conservation opportunities given that they achieve multiple ecosystem GBF goals and targets, and we showcase its application using Myanmar's forested ecosystems as a case study.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy diffusion in global biodiversity conservation: Learning, competition, coercion, and emulation amid US–China great-power politics","authors":"Hubert Cheung,&nbsp;Annie Young Song,&nbsp;Moreno Di Marco,&nbsp;Duan Biggs","doi":"10.1111/conl.13026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coordinated policies and effective global environmental governance are needed to address the global biodiversity crisis. Human dimensions like geopolitics influence conservation decision-making and outcomes. The importance of considering these complex social factors is heightened in an era of renewed great-power politics, as the intensifying US–China rivalry has direct implications for environmental governance and biodiversity outcomes. Can the US–China rivalry and its confrontational dynamics be channeled into conservation policymaking to improve biodiversity outcomes? Drawing from international relations and policy studies, policy diffusion theory can provide conservationists with useful insights into the interdependency of policy decisions. Here, we examine the four mechanisms—competition, coercion, learning, and emulation—of the classic model of policy diffusion theory in the context of environmental policymaking. We explore a case study for each mechanism to illustrate how it can benefit biodiversity conservation, and point to examples of relevant policies and actions that could improve outcomes. To operationalize this concept for conservation, we present a decision tree that conservationists can use to determine the most relevant policy diffusion mechanism in different policy contexts. Upon determining the appropriate mechanism, conservationists can take further steps to intentionally trigger the mechanism and catalyze conservation policy diffusion across jurisdictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}