Conservation Letters最新文献

{"title":"How Do We Identify Anthropogenic Allee Effects in the Wildlife Trade?","authors":"Ryan J. Almeida, Mary Cate Hyde, Julie L. Lockwood","doi":"10.1111/conl.13070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13070","url":null,"abstract":"The harvest and sale of wildlife can drive species to extinction when consumers are willing to pay high prices for the last harvested individuals of a very rare species, a phenomenon known as the anthropogenic Allee effect (AAE). Because demand for rarity is an inherent human desire, the AAE has the potential to affect a wide range of exploited species across several geographic regions. Here, we assess the current extent of empirical evidence for the AAE, how such evidence has been measured, and how this evidence interfaces with existing models of the AAE. We find substantial gaps in the empirical evidence base for the AAE and suggest that this deficit prevents assessment of the AAE in species extinctions. We provide a framework for generating empirical evidence that can identify when the AAE is likely occurring or has the potential to occur in the future, and recommend directions for both empirical and theoretical modeling research designed to strengthen our ability to forecast the ecological and market conditions that result in an AAE.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential planetary health workers: Positioning rangers within global policy","authors":"Sue Stolton,&nbsp;Hannah L. Timmins,&nbsp;Nigel Dudley,&nbsp;Olga Biegus,&nbsp;Chris Galliers,&nbsp;William Jackson,&nbsp;Marianne Kettunen,&nbsp;Barney Long,&nbsp;Madhu Rao,&nbsp;Carlos Manuel Rodriguez,&nbsp;Cristina Romanelli,&nbsp;Tim Schneider,&nbsp;Andrew Seidl,&nbsp;Rohit Singh,&nbsp;Matt Sykes","doi":"10.1111/conl.12955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12955","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our planet is facing increasing challenges: climate change, biodiversity loss, pandemics, poverty, and many other problems closely linked to a deteriorating environment. Meanwhile, one of our most important assets, rangers working in protected and conserved areas responsible for managing large tracts of the planet's lands and waters, are often underutilized, underrecognized and underequipped. They are generally left out of the debate about conservation and sustainable development policy, despite being central to the success of those policies. This paper outlines the need for global leaders across multiple sectors to recognize the profession of rangers as essential planetary health workers and to position rangers more effectively within global conservation and environmental policy mechanisms. It introduces the challenges facing rangers, the emerging diversity of roles within the ranger profession and the important contribution of rangers to conservation and sustainable development. It presents policy and implementation avenues to improve recognition and professionalization of rangers as key executors of conservation and development policy, particularly considering the recent Global Biodiversity Framework ambitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6243938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risky business: Protecting nature, protecting wealth?","authors":"Audrey Irvine-Broque,&nbsp;Jessica Dempsey","doi":"10.1111/conl.12969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12969","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Finance is a precondition for many of the activities that harm ecosystems, but how to address this underlying driver of biodiversity loss remains a topic of debate. This paper reviews the Task Force on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), a corporate-led effort that aims to identify how changes to biodiversity may create financial risks for companies and investors. This approach is also promoted as a strategy for managing the impact of business on biodiversity, with the assumption that risk disclosure will more effectively price biodiversity-harming activities. We assess the potential of the TNFD toward this end, and invite conservation scientists, practitioners, and policymakers to engage critically with its theory of change. We find that the relationship between disclosing biodiversity risk and redirecting finance away from environmental degradation is tenuous and unproven, making this mechanism insufficient for addressing the impact of the financial sector on nature. We question the embrace of another industry-led mechanism that implies that a lack of information is the greatest barrier to stopping biodiversity loss. Further, there are risks that this financial sector approach to biodiversity will reinforce the highly unequal concentration of power and wealth, which is itself inimical to transformative change, as called for by the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6171563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a pluralistic conservation science","authors":"Graeme S. Cumming,&nbsp;Zoe G. Davies,&nbsp;Joern Fischer,&nbsp;Reem Hajjar","doi":"10.1111/conl.12952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This editorial reflects on the history of the conservation movement, the strong continuing influence of its colonial past, and the counter-emergence of a more pluralistic and respectful worldview. Conservation Letters seeks to support and foster an ethical and inclusive discipline of conservation that discards elements of its colonial and racist history. This will involve broadening the disciplinary scope of “conservation” and paying greater attention to traditional ecological knowledge and nonwestern conservation approaches. We also see a particular need for theoretical advances that guide conservation practice by informing and connecting different kinds of expertise to understand social-ecological interactions and their implications for both people and ecosystems. Conservation can and should play a vital role in securing the joint future of ecosystems and people, but it will only achieve its full potential if it retains its social license and stays relevant to emerging concerns and values.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6086888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers and sustainability of bird hunting in Madagascar","authors":"Cortni Borgerson,&nbsp;Richard J. Bankoff,&nbsp;Christopher D. Golden,&nbsp;Be Noel Razafindrapaoly,&nbsp;Be Jean Rodolph Rasolofoniaina,&nbsp;Delox Rajaona,&nbsp;Elison Pascal,&nbsp;Peter De Angelo,&nbsp;Dominic A. Martin","doi":"10.1111/conl.12960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12960","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bird conservation depends on robust data on the densities of and threats to each species, and an understanding of the choices and incentives of bird hunters. This first comprehensive study of bird hunting and its effects in Madagascar uses 8 years of data on 87 bird species to determine bird densities and hunting pressure, incentives, choices, methods, spatial variation, and sustainability on the Masoala Peninsula of Madagascar. We find that bird hunting is common, affecting human wellbeing and, for some species, long-term population viability. Hunters caught more abundant species of lower trophic levels and consumers preferred the flavor of abundant granivores and nectarivores, while they disliked carnivores, scavengers, and species with common cultural proscriptions. Wealth increased species selectivity among consumers, whereas food insecurity increased hunting pressure overall. Projected and documented declines in at least three species are concerning, qualifying at least two for increased IUCN threatened species categories. We provide novel, data-driven assessments of hunting's threat to Madagascar's birds, identify key species of concern, and suggest both species- and consumer-specific conservation actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5721473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perils of measuring biodiversity responses to habitat change using mixed metrics","authors":"Mingxin Liu,&nbsp;Xinran Miao,&nbsp;Fangyuan Hua","doi":"10.1111/conl.12959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12959","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing quantitative syntheses on how biodiversity responds to anthropogenic habitat change appear to sometimes mix different biodiversity metrics in drawing inferences. This “mixing metrics” practice, if prevalent, would considerably bias our understanding of biodiversity responses and render uninterpretable conclusions. However, the prevalence of this practice remains unknown, and the bias it potentially renders has not been empirically assessed. We fill this gap by conducting a systematic literature assessment of existing syntheses on biodiversity responses to habitat change, along with an analysis of a global database specifically on forest restoration. We found that the “mixing metrics” practice was used in almost a quarter of existing syntheses across a wide range of ecosystem and habitat change types. This practice predictably altered the quantitative, and frequently even the qualitative, inferences on biodiversity responses to forest restoration, in ways contingent on the composition of metrics mixed. We call on future syntheses to be cognizant of the difference in metric meaning and behaviors, and to avoid mixing different metrics in studying biodiversity responses to habitat change.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6024696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewilding giant tortoises engineers plant communities at local to landscape scales","authors":"Washington Tapia Aguilera,&nbsp;James P. Gibbs","doi":"10.1111/conl.12968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trophic rewilding is increasingly being used to promote megafauna reintroductions to island ecosystems, yet ecosystem response to population restoration once megafauna reintroduction occurs remains understudied. In this study of a population of Galapagos giant tortoises reintroduced to an arid island, tortoise exclosures monitored over an 8-year-long period revealed that, in response to the presence of tortoises, herbaceous plant cover and numbers of regenerating woody plants decreased, whereas extent of grass cover increased. Vegetation mapping over a 15-year-long period across the island indicated a threshold density of 1–2 tortoises per hectare halted incursion of woody plants and triggered a shift in this savannah-type ecosystem toward more grasses. Restoration of this giant tortoise population has shaped plant communities at both local and landscape scales with cascading effects on many components of biodiversity on the island.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5652189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature and equity","authors":"Priya Shyamsundar,&nbsp;Paula Marques,&nbsp;Elizabeth Smith,&nbsp;James Erbaugh,&nbsp;Madlyn Ero,&nbsp;David Hinchley,&nbsp;Robyn James,&nbsp;Craig Leisher,&nbsp;Alexis Nakandakari,&nbsp;Liliana Pezoa,&nbsp;Luke Preece,&nbsp;Guilherme Prezotti","doi":"10.1111/conl.12956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12956","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complex challenges posed by climate change, biodiversity loss, and global inequality may require intertwined solutions forged through the frame of “Nature and equity.” This timely frame responds to growing calls for conservation to deliver fair outcomes to people and offers strategic value for meeting environmental goals. To clarify how and why approaches that support nature and equity may emerge, this commentary draws on conservation efforts in five different social and political settings. Building on practitioner experiences in Australia, Chile, Kenya, Peru, and Solomon Islands, it identifies a set of equity instruments that recognize local environmental knowledge, rights, and practices, strengthen marginalized voices, and promote fair outcomes, and the enabling conditions that facilitate their use. The article concludes by discussing critical considerations for enhancing nature and equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6042340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and energy crisis drive an unprecedented EU environmental law regression","authors":"C. Javier Durá-Alema?,&nbsp;Marcos Moleón,&nbsp;Juan M. Pérez-García,&nbsp;David Serrano,&nbsp;José A. Sánchez-Zapata","doi":"10.1111/conl.12958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12958","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Evidence indicating that human-induced climate change has caused widespread adverse impacts on nature and people is overwhelming (IPCC, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Transitioning to a renewable energy production model is essential to reduce fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions (Gielen et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Unfortunately, renewable energy production is not exempt from adverse biodiversity impacts (Serrano et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Here, we urge that considering the promotion of renewable energy leads to a worrying environmental law regression, which could severely compromise biodiversity protection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The European Union's strategies against climate change and biodiversity degradation have gained wide international recognition, showing that economic policies and resource consumption may be in tune with protecting the natural heritage. To prevent backtracking on the worldwide progress in environmental laws, the Rio+20 Summit in 2012 coined the non-regression principle: the regulation should not be revised if this means going backwards concerning the levels of environmental protection achieved previously (Prieur, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). However, the recent EU climate and energy policies have compromised biodiversity protective legislation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The recently presented proposal to amend Directive 2018/2001/EU by Directive 2022/0160/EU (&lt;span&gt;COD&lt;/span&gt;), as part of the REPowerEU plan to foster the EU's renewable energy infrastructure, is a good example. This new regulation seeks to expedite permit-granting procedures after identifying “go-to” areas for renewable energy deployment, including shorter deadlines to deal with dossiers, simplifying or suppressing dedicated environmental impact assessments, and reduced controls by environmental administrations. This emerging regressive environmental regulatory paradigm has been reinforced by the European Council Regulation, 2022/2577 (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), which establishes a framework to accelerate the development of renewable energies by reducing administrative procedures and establishing the—risky—presumption that renewable energy installations are of overriding public interest and contribute to public health and safety. This will immediately allow such projects to benefit from a simplified assessment of the specific exemptions provided in the relevant EU environmental legislation. Moreover, the European Council Regulations do not require transposition into the legislation of each Member State but are directly binding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Directive 2018/2001/EU amendment would create significant legal uncertainty and internal conflicts between EU laws, as it implies in practice amending more consolidated EU laws, such as Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, Directive 2009/147/EC on conservation of wild birds and Directive 2011/92/UE on environmental impact assessment. Importantly, the legal basis that the Council adopted to amend Council Directives is Arti","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5797034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land-cover and land-use change trajectory hopping facilitates estate-crop expansion into protected forests in Indonesia","authors":"Yu Xin,&nbsp;Laixiang Sun,&nbsp;Matthew C. Hansen","doi":"10.1111/conl.12957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12957","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protected areas (PAs) have been regarded as a critical strategy to protect natural forest (NF) and biodiversity. Estate-crop expansion is an important driver of deforestation in Indonesia. Yet, little is known regarding the temporal dynamics of PA effectiveness in preventing estate-crop expansion into NF. We employ Cox proportional hazard models and their extensions to characterize the dynamics of estate-crop expansion into NF in Indonesia during 1996–2015. The results show that PA effectiveness in Sumatra decreased over time and became insignificant in 2012–2015. A multistate modeling analysis shows that hopping in land-cover and land-use change (LCLUC) trajectories with shrub and/or bare ground as intermediates has decreased PA effectiveness and facilitated the expansion. Preventing LCLUC trajectory hopping becomes crucial to biodiversity conservation because it tends to occur at lowland forest, diminishing natural habitat area and increasing NF isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6191354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}