Conservation Letters最新文献

{"title":"Resolving Uncertainties in the Legality of Wildlife Trade to Support Better Outcomes for Wildlife and People","authors":"Trisha Gupta,&nbsp;Reshu Bashyal,&nbsp;Michelle Anagnostou,&nbsp;Sonia Dhanda,&nbsp;Joël Djagoun,&nbsp;Leonardo Manir Feitosa,&nbsp;Chloe E. R. Hatten,&nbsp;Sara Bronwen Hunter,&nbsp;Takudzwa S. Mutezo,&nbsp;Wahyu Nurbandi,&nbsp;Alejandra Pizarro Choy,&nbsp;Hannah N. K. Sackey,&nbsp;EJ Milner-Gulland,&nbsp;Thomasina E. E. Oldfield,&nbsp;Daniel W. S. Challender","doi":"10.1111/conl.13110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wildlife use and trade support the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide but also threaten thousands of species. Legal instruments, when effectively designed and implemented, can help regulate trade and mitigate negative impacts. However, activities along supply chains are rarely categorically legal or illegal, with considerable uncertainties regarding legality in the wildlife trade. These uncertainties can compromise the success of efforts to ensure, or improve, sustainability, but are often overlooked. Here, we categorize legal uncertainties in wildlife trade into three dimensions: institutional, operational, and perceptual. We explore their implications for sustainable management and discuss potential interventions to address them, drawing on examples from wildlife management and other sectors. Resolving these uncertainties can reduce unsustainable and illegal trade, strengthen traceability and enforcement, and promote equitable benefit-sharing among actors. Our findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to improve the clarity and effectiveness of wildlife trade management, advancing both conservation and socio-economic objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support for the US Endangered Species Act Is High and Steady Over the Past Three Decades","authors":"John A. Vucetich,&nbsp;Jeremy T. Bruskotter,&nbsp;Robyn Wilson,&nbsp;L. Mark Elbroch,&nbsp;Adam Feltz,&nbsp;Thomas Offer-Westort","doi":"10.1111/conl.13111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation professionals expect increased attempts to weaken the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) during the second Trump administration. As such, it is important to understand Americans’ level of support for the ESA. Prior research indicates that support for the ESA remained consistently strong across four studies conducted over a two-decade period, 1996–2015. The research presented here extends those observations to six studies conducted over a three-decade period, 1996–2025. We find that support of the ESA over that period has remained consistently high, at about 84%, and opposition has remained consistently low, at about 12%. We also report on other trends and patterns in support for the ESA, highlighting high and growing support for the ESA among politically conservative people and the absence of any rural–urban divide in support for the ESA.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colluding rhino poachers exploit space–time variation in opportunity and risk","authors":"Timothy Kuiper,&nbsp;Iain Olivier,&nbsp;Julie Gane,&nbsp;Res Altwegg","doi":"10.1111/conl.13106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human behavior shapes both our impact on nature and the success of solutions to safeguard it. We used crime opportunity and deterrence theory, together with methods from epidemiology, to link space–time patterns in 560 rhino poaching incidents (2011–2021) to poacher and ranger behavior in a South African rhino stronghold. Poaching activity was significantly associated with proximity to ranger camps. Together with supplementary evidence we present from internal investigations, this suggests that criminal syndicates collude with some rangers to facilitate poaching. Poachers repeatedly targeted specific regions of the reserve for set periods before shifting, mirroring the “near-repeat” behavior observed for other crimes. Poachers also avoided tourist activity and minimized time on the reserve. Results suggest poachers strategically leverage space–time variation in opportunity and risk. Solutions based on these behavioral insights include early response to space–time clusters of poaching, spatially targeted implementation of rhino dehorning, and bolstering ranger resilience to the corrupting influence of criminal syndicates.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling Out Community Conservation Initiatives: Experts Identify Economic and Social Benefits, Compatibility With Needs, and External Support as Key","authors":"Morena Mills,&nbsp;Marie V. Touchon,&nbsp;Elisa Denis,&nbsp;Sarah Milligan,&nbsp;Yasmeen Zuffetti,&nbsp;Zara Ahmad,&nbsp;Zoya Husain,&nbsp;Sushma Shrestha Sangat,&nbsp;Stefan Gelcich,&nbsp;Selma Lendelvo,&nbsp;Bharati Pathak,&nbsp;Alifereti Tawake,&nbsp;Michael B. Mascia,&nbsp;Solofo Nandrianina Ralaimihoatra,&nbsp;Thomas Pienkowski,&nbsp;Matthew Clark,&nbsp;Arundhati Jagadish","doi":"10.1111/conl.13100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Community-based natural resource management is a common strategy for conserving biodiversity, but little is known about how such initiatives can scale appropriately and widely. We interviewed 80 experts across 5 widely adopted community-based initiatives (in Chile, Nepal, Namibia, Madagascar, and Fiji) to understand their perspectives on the drivers of adoption and spread. We used general elimination methodology and diffusion of innovation theory to identify and rule out possible explanations. Factors consistently considered influential were economic and social benefits, compatibility with needs, support and facilitation by extension agencies, and the presence of international organizations. Initiatives aiming to scale should be designed to be flexible and aligned with adopters’ needs, and external organizations should coordinate resources for scaling out. Dependence on external support underscores the need for quality assistance, good practices by external actors, and understanding power relations and fairness, as well as the need to temper donor and policy expectations of scaling beyond supported and appropriate sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Multiple Wild Pig Species’ Population Dynamics in Southeast Asia During the African Swine Fever Outbreak (2018–2024)","authors":"Zoë E. Lieb,&nbsp;Erik Meijaard,&nbsp;Jedediah F. Brodie,&nbsp;Adi Shabrani,&nbsp;Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan,&nbsp;Jatna Supriatna,&nbsp;Matthew John Struebig,&nbsp;Nicolas J. Deere,&nbsp;Katie L. Spencer,&nbsp;Suipeng Heon,&nbsp;Lok-Jinn Wong,&nbsp;Suzika Juiling,&nbsp;Andrew Hearn,&nbsp;Camille N. Z. Coudrat,&nbsp;Agus Sudibyo Jati,&nbsp;Matthew Linkie,&nbsp;Dusit Ngoprasert,&nbsp;Dhritiman Das,&nbsp;Oliver R. Wearn,&nbsp;Russell J. Gray,&nbsp;Al John C. Cabanas,&nbsp;Andaman Chankhao,&nbsp;Apinya Saisamorn,&nbsp;Badrul Azhar,&nbsp;Benjamin P. Y.-H. Lee,&nbsp;Benoit Goossens,&nbsp;Carl Traeholt,&nbsp;David W. MacDonald,&nbsp;Emilia A. Lastica-Ternura,&nbsp;Fernando Garcia-Gil,&nbsp;Freddy Pattiselanno,&nbsp;Gabriella Fredriksson,&nbsp;Glyn Davies,&nbsp;Harry Hilser,&nbsp;Jamiee Wheelhouse,&nbsp;Jan van der Ploeg,&nbsp;John Carlo Redeña-Santos,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Moore,&nbsp;Karmila Parakkasi,&nbsp;Laura Marie Berman,&nbsp;Samuel Xin Tham Lee,&nbsp;Liam J. Hughes,&nbsp;Lukemann Haqeem Alen,&nbsp;Marc Ancrenaz,&nbsp;Marcus A. H. Chua,&nbsp;Markus Handschuh,&nbsp;Matthew Ward,&nbsp;Mohamad Arif Rifqi,&nbsp;Mohammad Aliyuddin Bin Jaini,&nbsp;Muhammad Syazwan Bin Omar,&nbsp;Nantachai Pongpattananurak,&nbsp;NayMyo Shwe,&nbsp;Olivia Z. Daniel,&nbsp;Pablo Sinovas,&nbsp;Parag Deka,&nbsp; Radinal,&nbsp;Ret Thaung,&nbsp;Robert M. Ewers,&nbsp;Romain Legrand,&nbsp;Ronglarp Sukmasuang,&nbsp;Sally Soo Kaicheen,&nbsp;Salwa Khalid,&nbsp;Saw Soe Aung,&nbsp;Sheherazade Sheherazade,&nbsp;Stuart J. Davies,&nbsp;Thiemo Braasch,&nbsp;Thomas N. E. Gray,&nbsp;Tim Redford,&nbsp;Ulmar Grafe,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Song,&nbsp;Matthew Scott Luskin","doi":"10.1111/conl.13105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2018 arrival of African swine fever (ASF) in China was followed by reports of wild pig deaths across most countries in Southeast Asia. However, the magnitude and duration of population-level impacts of ASF on wild pig species remain unclear. To elucidate the spatiotemporal spread of ASF in the region for native pig species, we gathered qualitative information on wild pig population dynamics in Southeast Asia between 2018 and 2024 from 88 expert elicitation questionnaires representing sites in 11 countries. Peak reported population declines occurred in 2021 and 2022, with more than half of respondents reporting declining wild pig populations, far higher than in earlier years. The reported declines waned to 44.23% in 2024, whereas simultaneously, the number of populations reported to be “increasing” increased from 11.3%–13.2% in 2019–2022 to 28.9% in 2024. These reports suggest that the ASF outbreak may have peaked for wild boars and bearded pigs in mainland Southeast Asia, Borneo, and Sumatra, with some subsequent recovery. However, the disease is still expanding into the ranges of island endemic species, such as new reports for the Sulawesi warty pig (<i>Sus celebensis</i>) in September of 2024. Island endemics remain particularly vulnerable to extinction from ASF and require urgent monitoring and conservation action.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewilding and Indigenous-Led Land Care Are Not Compatible Ideas","authors":"Fletcher Michael-Shawn","doi":"10.1111/conl.13107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13107","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;With the stated aim to help rewilding “remain globally relevant,” Derham et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) attempt to align the rewilding movement with Indigenous-led land care. They do this by seeking to fit an alternative meaning for the word “&lt;i&gt;wild&lt;/i&gt;” as “&lt;i&gt;self-willed&lt;/i&gt;.” However, phonetically similar in modern English, these words have distinct Proto-Indo-European roots and there is no etymological basis for this shift (Liberman &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;). It was first proposed by Nash (&lt;span&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;) to spin an alternative definition to “wilderness” and later applied to “&lt;i&gt;wild&lt;/i&gt;” by Griffiths (&lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;) in her poetic evaluation of the connection between human society and the natural world, in which she sought to inject beauty into the idea of wilderness and reconcile it with the fact that Indigenous people have lived in what the west has denoted as wilderness for millennia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Cronon (&lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;) points out, the idea of wilderness is culturally constructed, with deep roots in the human psyche and in Christianity. It is a place of Satan (the enemy of humanity), of wild beasts (Old English: &lt;i&gt;wild-deor&lt;/i&gt;—a place of wild deer) in the Book of Exodus. Attempts to redefine the words are similarly cultural and reflect attempts to preserve the use of the words in the face of an increasing awareness by western ecologists of the deep interconnectedness between Indigenous peoples and the health of their lands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conservation is a multifaceted concept that generally refers to the protection, preservation, management, and care of our environment. Conservation has its roots in the writings and ideas of Thoreau and Muir, two deeply religious figures who deified nature and frequently invoked the “&lt;i&gt;wild&lt;/i&gt;” to describe the majesty they saw in nature. The true definition of “&lt;i&gt;wild&lt;/i&gt;” is to be in a state of nature, not tame, not domesticated: land that is uncultivated and uninhabited by humans (Oxford English Dictionary &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). As the name suggests, rewilding seeks to make a place “&lt;i&gt;wild&lt;/i&gt;” again. It is a branch of conservation that has focused almost universally on strategies that reduce human intervention in nature over time. It is the discrete attempt to dehumanize our environment—to remove human influence from it and “return” it to its natural state.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Names are important, because they frame how something is perceived and understood. The words used in naming can, thus, reinforce existing power structures, perpetuate stereotypes, and exclude or marginalize certain groups. “Pro-choice” or “pro-life,” “climate change” or “global warming,” “illegal aliens” or “undocumented immigrants,” “rewilding” or “biocultural restoration”: Each of these names preloads us with ideas that influence how we think and feel (Gann and Matlock &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). They influence the choices we make, actions we take, and the rationale we use to justify those decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Humans have influenced around 80% of the Earth's ","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoid Cherry-Picking Targets and Embrace Holistic Conservation to Pursue the Global Biodiversity Framework","authors":"James Reed,&nbsp;Jos Barlow,&nbsp;Rachel Carmenta,&nbsp;Sima Fakheran,&nbsp;Amy Ickowitz,&nbsp;Terry Sunderland","doi":"10.1111/conl.13104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) marked a renewed commitment to addressing the global biodiversity crisis. This framework of four goals and 23 interim targets is intended to guide and accelerate conservation efforts over the next 25 years and is more ambitious than its predecessor, the Aichi 2020 targets. However, the pursuit of multilateral agreements is dependent upon national pledges, and the limited success of the Aichi targets shows that national pledges are of little worth without aligned (sub)national action. We assessed the submitted National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans of several member countries to determine their alignment with the bold ambition of the GBF. We find a lack of alignment between the GBF and country submissions across many targets, with the notable exception of Target 3—commonly interpreted as increasing protected area coverage to 30% by 2030. Reflecting on the submissions, recent developments, and our collective experience, we outline key considerations that could help guide future submissions and implementation strategies. We caution against cherry-picking specific targets, highlighting that an overemphasis on Target 3 will fail to achieve the overarching vision of living in harmony with nature. This requires a more holistic and inclusive approach to conservation and a focus on the full suite of GBF targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asia's Wolves and Synergies With Big Cats","authors":"Geraldine Werhahn,&nbsp;Claudio Augugliaro,&nbsp;Muhammad Kabir,&nbsp;Lauren M. Hennelly,&nbsp;Madhu Chetri,&nbsp;Hadi Al Hikmani,&nbsp;Alireza Mohammadi,&nbsp;Yadvendradev V. Jhala,&nbsp;David W. Macdonald,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Farhadinia","doi":"10.1111/conl.13094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Asia, carnivore conservation is often focused on charismatic big cats. Opportunities to conserve the entire carnivore guild are frequently overlooked by channeling conservation and mitigation efforts into single-species conservation. We synthesize experiences across Asia to explore these challenges and propose mitigations to maximize conservation benefits for the entire carnivore guild. Seven challenges for wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in Asia are highlighted: wolves (1) have been neglected over decades of single-species conservation, (2) receive less cultural appreciation in many regions, (3) are subject to lax legislation and law enforcement, (4) are often blamed disproportionately for livestock depredation, (5) are often considered more abundant than they are, (6), receive disproportionately little attention from the scientific and conservation communities relative to their ecological importance, and (7) are threatened ecologically and genetically by increasing feral dog populations. As a result, the status of wolves across Asia is poorly documented, there is an enhanced risk of losing significant evolutionary lineages, and it detracts from research and conservation opportunities to preserve the entire carnivore guild. We propose various remedies, such as widening the scope of existing conservation programs, building awareness and knowledge of communities and law enforcement agencies, and more research to inform conservation and legislation.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive Acoustic Gliders Are Effective Monitoring Tools for Dynamic Management Plans Aimed at Mitigating Whale-Vessel Strikes","authors":"K. L. Indeck,&nbsp;M. F. Baumgartner,&nbsp;L. Lecavalier,&nbsp;F. Whoriskey,&nbsp;K. T. A. Davies","doi":"10.1111/conl.13102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dynamic management is intended to mitigate the impacts of human activities on wildlife when and where the activities overlap with at-risk species. Amid an ever-growing maritime industry, we researched the performance of mobile underwater passive acoustic gliders as near real-time monitoring assets for the purpose of whale-vessel strike mitigation through dynamic management. Across 580 glider survey days, 30 near real-time acoustic detections of critically endangered North Atlantic right whales (NARWs) triggered 194 days of mandatory 10-knot vessel speed limits in three Canadian Dynamic Shipping Zones (DSZs). We found a high degree of interannual and seasonal variation in NARW acoustic occurrence and vessel slowdowns in the DSZs. Gliders were more effective than aerial surveillance at triggering slowdowns by a factor of 2–5 during fall and summer but were less effective during spring. Our results provide unambiguous evidence that gliders are effective monitoring platforms that can enhance dynamic ocean management goals globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protect the Integrity of CITES: Lessons From Japan's IWC Withdrawal to Keep Polarization From Tearing CITES Apart","authors":"Hubert Cheung,&nbsp;Daniel W. S. Challender,&nbsp;Michelle Anagnostou,&nbsp;Alexander R. Braczkowski,&nbsp;Moreno Di Marco,&nbsp;Amy Hinsley,&nbsp;Takahiro Kubo,&nbsp;Hugh P. Possingham,&nbsp;Annie Young Song,&nbsp;Nao Takashina,&nbsp;Yifu Wang,&nbsp;Duan Biggs","doi":"10.1111/conl.13099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unsustainable wildlife trade is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Effective wildlife trade governance is critical for conservation and requires international cooperation and coordination to regulate an industry valued at hundreds of billions of dollars a year. Yet, due to increasing polarization over consumptive wildlife use, certain countries have become disenfranchised by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the primary mechanism for regulating international wildlife trade. Tensions within CITES are rising over the elephant ivory and rhino horn trade, where polarization has pushed ten Southern African Development Community countries to suggest an outright withdrawal from CITES. The denunciation of CITES by such a large and ecologically significant bloc would substantially weaken the integrity, credibility, and stature of the Convention. There is a contemporary precedent to reference: Japan left the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in 2019 due to polarization over commercial whaling. Here, we examine the common threads between these two cases: changing organizational ethos, polarization amongst members, influence of non-state actors, and loss of decidability for dissenting nations. Taking critical lessons from Japan's IWC withdrawal, we propose various options for structural reforms in CITES to restore decidability, enable equitability, and implement inclusive decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}