Conservation Letters最新文献

{"title":"What Drives Conservation Adoption? Social Science Insights from Cattle Ranchers in the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil","authors":"Davidson Gomes Nogueira,&nbsp;Fabio de Olivera Roque,&nbsp;João Augusto Rossi Borges,&nbsp;Walfrido Moraes Tomas,&nbsp;Morena Mills,&nbsp;Arundhati Jagadish,&nbsp;André Valle Nunes,&nbsp;Peter Leimgruber,&nbsp;Charlotte Legh-Smith,&nbsp;Silvio Marchini,&nbsp;Rafael Morais Chiaravalloti","doi":"10.1111/con4.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fostering meaningful and equitable collaboration between practitioners and local stakeholders remains a major challenge in conservation science and practice. Common barriers include differences in intentions, values, priorities, and access to decision-making processes. We used a novel multidisciplinary approach combining ethnography, theory of planned behavior (TPB), and diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) to investigate the intention to adopt a sustainable ranching certification scheme in the Brazilian Pantanal at the macro (e.g., sociological and political) and micro (e.g., psychological and anthropological) levels. Between August 2021 and July 2024, we conducted participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and surveys guided by the TPB and DOI frameworks with ranchers, managers, and cowboys. Results highlight the significant role of external recognition of local culture in ranchers’ intention to adopt the sustainable ranching scheme. Mistrust of government and NGOs emerged as a barrier to adoption. By integrating micro- and macro-level factors, this research uncovered a more holistic perspective of the drivers that play a role in Pantanal ranchers’ intention to adopt dynamics—identifying possible paths for conservation practice in the region. This research also underscores the importance of multidisciplinary research to better understand how to foster and sustain local engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Biodiversity Framework Targets Can Drive Action on Insect Declines, but Lack Robust Indicators to Prove Their Effectiveness","authors":"Andrew J. Bladon,&nbsp;Perpetra Akite,&nbsp;Shawan Chowdhury,&nbsp;Federico Riva,&nbsp;Rob Cooke,&nbsp;Ellie E. Dyer,&nbsp;Joseph Millard,&nbsp;Charlotte L. Outhwaite,&nbsp;James G. Rodger,&nbsp;Cang Hui,&nbsp;Justin E. Isip,&nbsp;J. Iwan Jones,&nbsp;John F. Murphy,&nbsp;Tim Newbold,&nbsp;Andy Purvis,&nbsp;Helen E. Roy,&nbsp;Grace Skinner,&nbsp;Ben A. Woodcock,&nbsp;Iris Berger,&nbsp;Sayam U. Chowdhury,&nbsp;William H. Morgan,&nbsp;András Báldi,&nbsp;Harriet Bartlett,&nbsp;Péter Batáry,&nbsp;Áron D. Bihaly,&nbsp;Amaël Borzée,&nbsp;Karel Chobot,&nbsp;Joette Crosier,&nbsp;Kristy Deiner,&nbsp;Adam J.M. Devenish,&nbsp;Arne Devriese,&nbsp;Anna Ermakova,&nbsp;Harith Farooq,&nbsp;Alexander Fedotov,&nbsp;Jonáš Gaigr,&nbsp;Róbert Gallé,&nbsp;Alexandre Gategeko,&nbsp;Huanzhi Gong,&nbsp;Ian Gordon,&nbsp;Felix Herzog,&nbsp;Andrew Jacobson,&nbsp;Vignesh Kamath,&nbsp;Upma Manral,&nbsp;Riho Marja,&nbsp;Caroline Martin,&nbsp;Delphine Mpayimana,&nbsp;Fiona Mutekanga,&nbsp;Piotr Naskrecki,&nbsp;Philbert Ndahayo,&nbsp;Donath Nkurikiyimana,&nbsp;Jean de Dieu Nsenganeza,&nbsp;Jean Pierre Ntibabarira,&nbsp;Joseph Poston,&nbsp;Chevonne Reynolds,&nbsp;Jean Aimé Ruticumugambi,&nbsp;Prahalad Srikanthan,&nbsp;Edina Török,&nbsp;Inam Yekwayo,&nbsp;Nick J.B. Isaac,&nbsp;Lynn V. Dicks","doi":"10.1111/con4.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insects are the most diverse and functionally important animals on Earth. In at least some regions, terrestrial populations are declining. Despite this, insects are often overlooked in conservation policy, and it is difficult to assess how anthropogenic threats and conservation actions affect insect populations. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) aims to reduce pressures on biodiversity, increase conservation efforts, and reverse losses. At the International Congress on Conservation Biology in 2023, we convened a round table of specialist scientists and practitioners in insect ecology and conservation to explore how well the GBF addresses insect declines. We discussed and evaluated: (1) how well GBF targets could deliver for insects, and (2) whether the indicators proposed for monitoring progress would detect changes in the status of insects. We found that although the GBF's targets can drive action for insect recovery, almost none of the indicators can effectively measure progress for insects. We propose four principles to enhance the effectiveness of biodiversity policy for insects, and recommend the establishment of a global working group to develop insect-focused indicators. If implemented effectively, such indicators could provide evidence of whether restoration and conservation actions are putting us on a path to recovery of global biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Protected Areas Face Increased Overlap With Humans and Reduced Overlap With Agriculture Upon Establishment","authors":"Tiantian Zhang,&nbsp;Jiajia Liu,&nbsp;Moreno Di Marco","doi":"10.1111/con4.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective expansion of protected areas (PAs) is critical for achieving global biodiversity targets, but trade-offs with other socio-economic development goals can affect their effectiveness. With the increasing need to expand PA coverage, it is essential to anticipate the challenges faced by newly established PAs overlapping with existing human activities. Here, we measured the levels of human population and cropland at the time of PAs establishment, over the course of five decades. We compared the level of human activities between sites selected for PA establishment and control sites using statistical matching and found that PA sites are generally characterized by lower population density and cropland than control sites. However, trends are changing as more recent PAs had increased overlap with human population and reduced overlap with agriculture upon establishment, particularly small and less strict PAs. Moreover, PA placements in some megadiverse countries, such as Indonesia and Bolivia, showed an increased overlap with agriculture. Our results suggest that enhanced management of human presence and agriculture within PAs is increasingly needed to minimize conflict and maximize synergies with human activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147448018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation Rangers Urgently Need Mental Health Provision","authors":"Mahmood Soofi,&nbsp;Brock Bergseth,&nbsp;Daniel J. Ingram,&nbsp;Edward Mundy,&nbsp;Thomas Pienkowski,&nbsp;Jessica C. Fisher,&nbsp;Natalia B. Zielonka,&nbsp;Stephanie-Emmy Klarmann,&nbsp;Kadiri Serge Bobo,&nbsp;Timothy Kuiper,&nbsp;Justin Ervin,&nbsp;Rohit Singh,&nbsp;Sandeep Sharma,&nbsp;David L. Roberts,&nbsp;Arash Ghoddousi,&nbsp;Sarah M. Durant,&nbsp;Freya A. V. St John,&nbsp;Matthias Waltert,&nbsp;Tobias Kuemmerle","doi":"10.1111/con4.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation rangers face extreme occupational and environmental stress, including exposure to conflicts, poor working conditions, and limited occupational support, placing them at high risk of psychological harm. Ranger wellbeing is central to effective and just biodiversity conservation, requiring institutional support, training, and context-sensitive interventions underpinned by robust mental health monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147448020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future-Proofing Natura 2000 Through a Biocultural Approach","authors":"Tobias Plieninger,&nbsp;Marion Jay,&nbsp;Tibor Hartel","doi":"10.1111/con4.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Natura 2000 sites of the European Union form the largest protected area network globally and are widely considered a conservation success. However, many Natura 2000 sites are not in a favorable conservation status, and support by policy and society has often been low. This Perspective argues that a biocultural paradigm would open up new pathways for safeguarding those protected species and habitats that require low-intensity land management and for empowering local communities, thus sparking local nature-related stewardship, innovation, and inspiration. We outline five dimensions of a biocultural approach: the role of people, network design, monitoring, financial resources, and research. We also present three case examples from Romania, Germany, and Spain, where farmers’ and foresters’ landscape stewardship has preserved charismatic species and cultural identity. We conclude that a biocultural approach to Natura 2000 requires a shift in how people and nature are framed in protected areas, but not a major overhaul of conservation legislation. Our contribution is to operationalize such approach through five implementable dimensions that fit within existing law and reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147448019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the Full Operationalization of the Dark Diversity Concept in Environmental Impact Assessments: A Call to Revise International EIA Standards","authors":"Giovanni Bacaro,&nbsp;Federica Fonda","doi":"10.1111/con4.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental impact assessments and related safeguard standards are key tools for mitigating the ecological damage of development projects; however, they predominantly evaluate what is observed during baseline surveys. This approach, which is inherently constrained by imperfect detectability, seasonality, and uneven sampling effort, leads to a chronic underestimation of an ecosystem's true biotic potential, with direct consequences for the mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, minimization, restoration, and offsets) and for strategies that aim to meet the “no net loss” of biodiversity target. This paper proposes the systematic integration of “dark diversity”, that is, the set of species ecologically suited to a site but currently absent, into the EIA framework. Assessing a habitat's ecological “completeness” (observed diversity relative to dark diversity) reveals its true level of degradation and restoration potential, helping to distinguish systems that are simply complex to detect from those that are impoverished or constrained by dispersal and establishment barriers. This approach provides a more robust and precautionary baseline, allowing for the design of mitigation and compensation measures based on an ecosystem's full potential, not just one part. We outline pragmatic pathways to operationalize dark diversity in EIA practice, combining existing occurrence data, co-occurrence approaches, and emerging tools (e.g., eDNA and niche modeling) to guide targeted supplementary surveys, impact evaluation, and measurable restoration objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical and Ethical Issues in Big Data and Machine Learning Forecasts of Zambian Community Forestry Engagement","authors":"Thomas Pienkowski,&nbsp;Morena Mills,&nbsp;Matt Clark,&nbsp;Kaala Moombe,&nbsp;Henry Chilufya,&nbsp;Alexandros Sfyridis,&nbsp;Jocelyne Shimin Sze,&nbsp;Erik Olsson,&nbsp;Andreas Christ Sølvsten Jørgensen","doi":"10.1111/con4.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Approaches integrating geospatial “big data” and machine learning will likely be increasingly used to predict conservation-related human behavior, such as patterns of local engagement, in socioecological systems. Yet, few studies evaluate both the technical and ethical aspects of such applications. Here, we provide a nation-scale worked example that combines machine learning and publicly available data to predict spatial patterns of Community Forestry establishment among 539,221 settlements across Zambia. Our model accurately predicted out-of-sample spatial establishment patterns three-quarters of the time (balanced accuracy = 76.5%, sensitivity = 64.0%, specificity = 89.1%), though it had a high false positive rate (precision = 24.3%). Accurately forecasting conservation establishment patterns for effective resource allocation requires better data on local preferences and programmatic decision-making, among other factors. Furthermore, such artificial intelligence applications risk making decision-making more technocratic, top-down, and opaque; therefore, they should only inform deliberation over possible future scenarios within wider, multistakeholder governance processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The World Could Reach 30% Protection by 2030, and Still Fail to Conserve Biodiversity without Effective and Well-located Protected Areas","authors":"Jonas Geldmann","doi":"10.1111/con4.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is the world's roadmap toward the 2050 vision of living in harmony with nature (Convention on Biological Diversity &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Its operational core is 23 targets, which translate its vision into concrete policy commitments spanning both place-based conservation and broader actions to address the underlying drivers of nature's decline. Among them, Target 3 concerns one of the most established and demonstrably effective conservation measures: protected and conserved areas (Watson et al. &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Popularly known as “30×30” for its quantitative element of protecting 30% of land and ocean by 2030, Target 3 succeeds Aichi Target 11, which called for conserving 17% of land and 10% of oceans by 2020, and the 2010 goal of conserving 10% of Earth by 2010. Although each of these targets includes important qualifiers about where protection should occur and how it should be implemented, they have remained defined largely by their numerical area component as the primary measure of conservation progress. And this is unfortunately still the case for Target 3 of the KMGBF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The appeal of area-based targets as the focal point for measuring conservation gains is understandable. Numbers are simple to communicate, compare, and monitor; they offer governments a seemingly clear benchmark of progress; and they lend themselves to global dashboards that can be easily updated. Further, an emphasis on coverage allows countries to report impressive progress without necessarily committing the human and financial resources needed to reverse negative trends and halt biodiversity loss. Thus, focusing on area as the key metric risks repeating decades of misplaced emphasis in global and national biodiversity policy. Indeed, available evidence suggests that the current extent of land and sea protection does not adequately align with key biodiversity features or the threats they face, with most assessed species having insufficient coverage and many high-threat areas falling outside protection (Butchart et al. &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Le Saout et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Pulido-Chadid et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; Rodrigues et al. &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Zeng et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). What matters is, therefore, not how much we protect, but where and how protection occurs (Visconti et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Ecological representativeness and connectivity determine whether protected and conserved areas can sustain species and ecosystems (Brennan et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Podda and Porporato &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Equally, effective and equitable management ensures that they deliver conservation benefits and respect the rights of local communities (Geldmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Gill et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Wauchope et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Despite this, recent analyses suggest that the global network of protected areas is poorly placed (Butchart et al. &lt;span&gt;20","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neocolonial Tightening of CITES: How Northern Narratives Marginalize Southern Conservation","authors":"Youmin Lian,&nbsp;Md. Ziaul Islam","doi":"10.1111/con4.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>CITES has demonstrated a persistent trend of regulatory tightening over five decades, raising critical questions about both equity and effectiveness in global conservation governance. This study examines how structural power imbalances and dominant Northern narratives within the Convention have systematically marginalized pluralistic conservation discourses, disproportionately disadvantaging Global South states. Through mixed-methods analysis—combining voting pattern data from CITES Appendix amendment proposals (CoP3–CoP19) with case studies of giraffes, European eels, and totoaba—this study reveals systemic inequities in decision-making processes. Findings indicate that Northern countries disproportionately promote “strict conservation” narratives, targeting Southern species, with upgrade proposals adopted at significantly higher rates than downgrades despite equivalent voting thresholds. Concurrently, sustainable utilization strategies face institutional barriers in Southern states, further reflecting structural inequities. Our study shows that centralization within CITES correlates with the underrepresentation of Southern voices and the disproportionate influence of Northern-dominated NGOs. Ultimately, we argue that CITES’ regulatory tightening reflects neocolonial dynamics, prioritizing Northern ethical narratives over resource sovereignty and local realities. Thus, to ensure more equitable and effective governance, reforms must democratize decision-making processes and better respect pluralistic conservation discourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147320162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use Real-Time Mortality Alerts to Save Vultures","authors":"Andrea Santangeli","doi":"10.1111/con4.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/con4.70031","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Poisoning is the leading threat to vultures and other scavengers worldwide, and its scale has grown alarmingly in the past decades (Plaza et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). From January 2000, nearly 41,000 wildlife deaths from poisoning have been reported in Africa alone, almost half involving threatened vultures (The Endangered Wildlife Trust and the Peregrine Fund &lt;span&gt;n.d&lt;/span&gt;.). Strikingly, more than 8000 wildlife mortalities have been reported since 2020 alone, with over 6600 vultures among them. The mass poisoning in Guinea–Bissau in 2020, which killed more than 2000 Critically Endangered hooded vultures (&lt;i&gt;Necrosyrtes monachus&lt;/i&gt;; Henriques et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), was followed by many other incidents. These include the recent loss of over 100 vultures in Kruger National Park, South Africa (May 2025; Vulture Conservation Foundation &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Similar events across South America, Europe, and Asia show that few safe havens remain for these keystone species (Plaza et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Without urgent, innovative action, we risk losing vultures—and the essential ecosystem services they provide (Santangeli et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). So far, we appear to be losing the battle against the perpetrators of this illicit and indiscriminate practice (Ogada et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Margalida et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). While education, legislation, and community engagement are essential to addressing the root causes of vulture poisoning, these measures typically yield results only in the medium to long term. What is urgently needed are evidence-based, immediate interventions to reduce mortalities. Rapid response teams capable of decontaminating poisoning sites can save many vultures’ lives (Murn and Botha &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). However, their effectiveness is limited to the few events that are timely detected. Tragically, most incidents go unnoticed or are discovered far too late, as exemplified by the Guinea–Bissau massacre of 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rapid advances in biologging offer a powerful tool to combat poisoning and other wildlife crimes. This is particularly operationalized by fitting animals with GPS units and following their movement and behavior, which can eventually indicate the where and when of a specific incidence type under focus. Death detector algorithms in GPS-tracked birds can now send near-live mortality alerts via GSM and/or satellite. Moreover, the falling cost of transmission, driven by newly developed and developing systems, such as ICARUS satellite transmission (to be launched in 2026), makes large-scale deployments feasible, affordable, and reliable, especially in the near future (Kays and Wikelski &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). The ICARUS system will be particularly valuable in areas without GSM coverage, where poisoning events might otherwise go undetected due to phone-based transmission gaps. By enabling satellite-based data transfer, ICARUS can ensure that mortality alerts are received even from the most remote regions. A recent s","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147320163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}