Conservation Letters最新文献

{"title":"Rewilding and Indigenous-Led Land Care Are Not Compatible Ideas","authors":"Fletcher Michael-Shawn","doi":"10.1111/conl.13107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the stated aim to help rewilding “remain globally relevant,” Derham et al. (<span>2025</span>) attempt to align the rewilding movement with Indigenous-led land care. They do this by seeking to fit an alternative meaning for the word “<i>wild</i>” as “<i>self-willed</i>.” However, phonetically similar in modern English, these words have distinct Proto-Indo-European roots and there is no etymological basis for this shift (Liberman <span>2005</span>). It was first proposed by Nash (<span>1989</span>) to spin an alternative definition to “wilderness” and later applied to “<i>wild</i>” by Griffiths (<span>2007</span>) in her poetic evaluation of the connection between human society and the natural world, in which she sought to inject beauty into the idea of wilderness and reconcile it with the fact that Indigenous people have lived in what the west has denoted as wilderness for millennia.</p><p>As Cronon (<span>1996</span>) points out, the idea of wilderness is culturally constructed, with deep roots in the human psyche and in Christianity. It is a place of Satan (the enemy of humanity), of wild beasts (Old English: <i>wild-deor</i>—a place of wild deer) in the Book of Exodus. Attempts to redefine the words are similarly cultural and reflect attempts to preserve the use of the words in the face of an increasing awareness by western ecologists of the deep interconnectedness between Indigenous peoples and the health of their lands.</p><p>Conservation is a multifaceted concept that generally refers to the protection, preservation, management, and care of our environment. Conservation has its roots in the writings and ideas of Thoreau and Muir, two deeply religious figures who deified nature and frequently invoked the “<i>wild</i>” to describe the majesty they saw in nature. The true definition of “<i>wild</i>” is to be in a state of nature, not tame, not domesticated: land that is uncultivated and uninhabited by humans (Oxford English Dictionary <span>2024</span>). As the name suggests, rewilding seeks to make a place “<i>wild</i>” again. It is a branch of conservation that has focused almost universally on strategies that reduce human intervention in nature over time. It is the discrete attempt to dehumanize our environment—to remove human influence from it and “return” it to its natural state.</p><p>Names are important, because they frame how something is perceived and understood. The words used in naming can, thus, reinforce existing power structures, perpetuate stereotypes, and exclude or marginalize certain groups. “Pro-choice” or “pro-life,” “climate change” or “global warming,” “illegal aliens” or “undocumented immigrants,” “rewilding” or “biocultural restoration”: Each of these names preloads us with ideas that influence how we think and feel (Gann and Matlock <span>2014</span>). They influence the choices we make, actions we take, and the rationale we use to justify those decisions.</p><p>Humans have influenced around 80% of the Earth's ","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoid Cherry-Picking Targets and Embrace Holistic Conservation to Pursue the Global Biodiversity Framework","authors":"James Reed,&nbsp;Jos Barlow,&nbsp;Rachel Carmenta,&nbsp;Sima Fakheran,&nbsp;Amy Ickowitz,&nbsp;Terry Sunderland","doi":"10.1111/conl.13104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) marked a renewed commitment to addressing the global biodiversity crisis. This framework of four goals and 23 interim targets is intended to guide and accelerate conservation efforts over the next 25 years and is more ambitious than its predecessor, the Aichi 2020 targets. However, the pursuit of multilateral agreements is dependent upon national pledges, and the limited success of the Aichi targets shows that national pledges are of little worth without aligned (sub)national action. We assessed the submitted National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans of several member countries to determine their alignment with the bold ambition of the GBF. We find a lack of alignment between the GBF and country submissions across many targets, with the notable exception of Target 3—commonly interpreted as increasing protected area coverage to 30% by 2030. Reflecting on the submissions, recent developments, and our collective experience, we outline key considerations that could help guide future submissions and implementation strategies. We caution against cherry-picking specific targets, highlighting that an overemphasis on Target 3 will fail to achieve the overarching vision of living in harmony with nature. This requires a more holistic and inclusive approach to conservation and a focus on the full suite of GBF targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asia's Wolves and Synergies With Big Cats","authors":"Geraldine Werhahn,&nbsp;Claudio Augugliaro,&nbsp;Muhammad Kabir,&nbsp;Lauren M. Hennelly,&nbsp;Madhu Chetri,&nbsp;Hadi Al Hikmani,&nbsp;Alireza Mohammadi,&nbsp;Yadvendradev V. Jhala,&nbsp;David W. Macdonald,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Farhadinia","doi":"10.1111/conl.13094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Asia, carnivore conservation is often focused on charismatic big cats. Opportunities to conserve the entire carnivore guild are frequently overlooked by channeling conservation and mitigation efforts into single-species conservation. We synthesize experiences across Asia to explore these challenges and propose mitigations to maximize conservation benefits for the entire carnivore guild. Seven challenges for wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in Asia are highlighted: wolves (1) have been neglected over decades of single-species conservation, (2) receive less cultural appreciation in many regions, (3) are subject to lax legislation and law enforcement, (4) are often blamed disproportionately for livestock depredation, (5) are often considered more abundant than they are, (6), receive disproportionately little attention from the scientific and conservation communities relative to their ecological importance, and (7) are threatened ecologically and genetically by increasing feral dog populations. As a result, the status of wolves across Asia is poorly documented, there is an enhanced risk of losing significant evolutionary lineages, and it detracts from research and conservation opportunities to preserve the entire carnivore guild. We propose various remedies, such as widening the scope of existing conservation programs, building awareness and knowledge of communities and law enforcement agencies, and more research to inform conservation and legislation.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive Acoustic Gliders Are Effective Monitoring Tools for Dynamic Management Plans Aimed at Mitigating Whale-Vessel Strikes","authors":"K. L. Indeck,&nbsp;M. F. Baumgartner,&nbsp;L. Lecavalier,&nbsp;F. Whoriskey,&nbsp;K. T. A. Davies","doi":"10.1111/conl.13102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dynamic management is intended to mitigate the impacts of human activities on wildlife when and where the activities overlap with at-risk species. Amid an ever-growing maritime industry, we researched the performance of mobile underwater passive acoustic gliders as near real-time monitoring assets for the purpose of whale-vessel strike mitigation through dynamic management. Across 580 glider survey days, 30 near real-time acoustic detections of critically endangered North Atlantic right whales (NARWs) triggered 194 days of mandatory 10-knot vessel speed limits in three Canadian Dynamic Shipping Zones (DSZs). We found a high degree of interannual and seasonal variation in NARW acoustic occurrence and vessel slowdowns in the DSZs. Gliders were more effective than aerial surveillance at triggering slowdowns by a factor of 2–5 during fall and summer but were less effective during spring. Our results provide unambiguous evidence that gliders are effective monitoring platforms that can enhance dynamic ocean management goals globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protect the Integrity of CITES: Lessons From Japan's IWC Withdrawal to Keep Polarization From Tearing CITES Apart","authors":"Hubert Cheung,&nbsp;Daniel W. S. Challender,&nbsp;Michelle Anagnostou,&nbsp;Alexander R. Braczkowski,&nbsp;Moreno Di Marco,&nbsp;Amy Hinsley,&nbsp;Takahiro Kubo,&nbsp;Hugh P. Possingham,&nbsp;Annie Young Song,&nbsp;Nao Takashina,&nbsp;Yifu Wang,&nbsp;Duan Biggs","doi":"10.1111/conl.13099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unsustainable wildlife trade is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Effective wildlife trade governance is critical for conservation and requires international cooperation and coordination to regulate an industry valued at hundreds of billions of dollars a year. Yet, due to increasing polarization over consumptive wildlife use, certain countries have become disenfranchised by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the primary mechanism for regulating international wildlife trade. Tensions within CITES are rising over the elephant ivory and rhino horn trade, where polarization has pushed ten Southern African Development Community countries to suggest an outright withdrawal from CITES. The denunciation of CITES by such a large and ecologically significant bloc would substantially weaken the integrity, credibility, and stature of the Convention. There is a contemporary precedent to reference: Japan left the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in 2019 due to polarization over commercial whaling. Here, we examine the common threads between these two cases: changing organizational ethos, polarization amongst members, influence of non-state actors, and loss of decidability for dissenting nations. Taking critical lessons from Japan's IWC withdrawal, we propose various options for structural reforms in CITES to restore decidability, enable equitability, and implement inclusive decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Conservation of Common Carp Genetic Diversity in an Agroecosystem by Indigenous Farmers","authors":"Lufeng Zhao,&nbsp;Qiyue Luo,&nbsp;Taojie Zhang,&nbsp;Ranxin Dai,&nbsp;Junlong Ye,&nbsp;Yingying Ye,&nbsp;Jianjun Tang,&nbsp;Jiaen Zhang,&nbsp;Liangliang Hu,&nbsp;Xin Chen","doi":"10.1111/conl.13103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conservation of crop genetic diversity by farmers has been well studied, but little has been documented for farmed fish. Here, we show how indigenous farmers conserve the genetic diversity of a farmed fish species—the common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>), locally known as paddy field carp (PF-carp)—within the paddy ecosystem. The PF-carp have been cocultured with rice in paddy fields (i.e., rice-fish coculture) by multiethnic farmers for thousands of years in southwestern China. Although converging to a similar morphological shape as an adaptation to the paddy ecosystem, PF-carp have diverged into diverse phenotypes, displaying high genetic diversity and a distinct genetic structure pattern. Farmers from different ethnic groups showed distinct preferences for fish, resulting in phenotypic diversity and genetic variation. A large number of multiethnic farmers participated in fish propagation, thereby maintaining a high level of genetic diversity in PF-carp. Our results highlight the critical role of indigenous farmers in preserving local genetic diversity and mitigating genetic degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Megaherbivores and Mega-Infrastructure in East Africa","authors":"Fredrick Lala,&nbsp;Joseph K. Bump","doi":"10.1111/conl.13096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Massive infrastructure development impacts ecologically important, culturally iconic, and economically vital populations of megaherbivores in East Africa. The seven member countries of the East African Community (EAC) have multiple hypercomplex road, rail, and port projects planned that will cross essential habitats for elephant, giraffe, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus populations, all but one of which range from threatened to critically endangered in global extinction risk status. Within the EAC, concerns have been raised about effective and efficient development mitigation and shared biodiversity conservation governance. Scalable solutions have been demonstrated in some EAC countries, but there is a vital need for regional policy. The acute challenge of megaherbivore conservation amid mega-infrastructure development in East Africa can best be addressed with the fulfillment of an EAC wildlife sector coordinating unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating Demography, Monitoring, and Management Decisions to Evaluate Adaptive Management Strategies for Endangered Species","authors":"Stefano Canessa,&nbsp;Sarah J. Converse,&nbsp;Lynn Adams,&nbsp;Doug P. Armstrong,&nbsp;Troy Makan,&nbsp;Mhairi McCready,&nbsp;Kevin A. Parker,&nbsp;Elizabeth H. Parlato,&nbsp;Hannah A. Sipe,&nbsp;John G. Ewen","doi":"10.1111/conl.13095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adaptive management (AM) remains underused in conservation, partly because optimization-based approaches require real-world problems to be substantially simplified. We present an approach to AM based in management strategy evaluation, a method used largely in fisheries. Managers define objectives and nominate alternative adaptive strategies, whose future performance is simulated by integrating ecological, learning and decision processes. We applied this approach to conservation of hihi (<i>Notiomystis cincta</i>) across Aotearoa-New Zealand. For multiple extant and prospective hihi populations, we jointly simulated demographic trends, monitoring, estimation, and decisions including translocations and supplementary feeding. Results confirmed that food supplementation assisted recovery, but was more intensive and expensive. Over 20 years, actively pursuing learning, for example by removing food from populations, provided little benefit. Recovery group members supported continuing current management or increasing priority on existing populations before reintroducing new populations. Our simulation-based approach can complement formal optimization-based approaches and improve AM uptake, particularly for programs involving many complex and coordinated decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is(n't) Environmental Stewardship? Eliciting Unspoken Assumptions Using Fisheries as a Model","authors":"Abigail S. Golden,&nbsp;William N. S. Arlidge,&nbsp;Chelsey Crandall,&nbsp;Elias Ehrlich,&nbsp;Lotte van den Heuvel,&nbsp;Thomas Klefoth,&nbsp;Sophia Kochalski,&nbsp;Kai Lorenzen,&nbsp;Valerio Sbragaglia,&nbsp;Christian Skov,&nbsp;Paul Venturelli,&nbsp;Robert Arlinghaus,&nbsp;Samuel Shephard","doi":"10.1111/conl.13083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental stewardship is often invoked as a net social good and an approach for achieving equitable and sustainable conservation outcomes, but it is rarely defined explicitly in management settings, and conflicting definitions have proliferated. This lack of consensus can influence conservation outcomes in several ways. Conflict can arise between stakeholders with different definitions of stewardship; managers may not proactively identify important stakeholders whose stewardship orientation does not include public advocacy; and stakeholders whose sense of stewardship does not include in-depth knowledge of a particular ecosystem may advocate for ineffective or counterproductive actions. Developing strategies for identifying the implicit, unspoken definitions of environmental stewardship held by resource users, managers, and scientists can help with navigating these challenges. Here, we develop a method to elicit the unstated stewardship orientations of a group of stakeholders in a shared conservation setting. Using thought experiments and a Policy Delphi process, we find that even within our relatively homogeneous test group of recreational fisheries managers and scientists, individuals differed in their understanding of stewardship. We encourage conservation organizations with a mission of stewardship, or ones that interface with environmental stewards, to adopt an approach like this one to identify potential sources of conflict, inequity, and ineffective action before they arise.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Rewilding and Indigenous Community-Led Land Care”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/conl.13098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Derham, T. T., F. Mathews, and C. N. Johnson. 2025. “Rewilding and Indigenous Community-Led Land Care.” <i>Conservation Letters</i> 18, no. 1: e13090. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13090</p><p>Acknowledgments were included in the original submission but were missing from the final manuscript. Acknowledgments should read as follows:</p><p>The authors would like to thank A. Sculthorpe and R. Swain for comments on the manuscript, and A. Sculthorpe and the Warru Recovery Team Steering Committee of Traditional Owners for permission to relate the stories of their peoples.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}