Conservation Letters最新文献

{"title":"Performance of protected areas in conserving African elephants","authors":"Roberto J. Correa,&nbsp;Peter A. Lindsey,&nbsp;Rob Critchlow,&nbsp;Colin M. Beale,&nbsp;Jonas Geldmann,&nbsp;Andrew J. Plumptre","doi":"10.1111/conl.13041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protected areas have been gazetted to protect natural resources and biodiversity, but evaluations of effectiveness rarely include measures of species population change. We compiled annual site-level spending and elephant population data for 102 protected areas conserving either savannah (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) or forest (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i>) elephants, which showed a median annual population decline of −0.78% across the protected areas. Site-level population change was strongly associated with funding and government effectiveness. Annual funding deficits occurred in 78% of the protected areas, and when comparing necessary levels of annual spend to stabilize elephant populations, we estimate a US$1.5 billion annual funding deficit across all the protected areas. While financial investment can improve elephant conservation outcomes, there is still a need to identify where and how to best finance elephant poaching interventions, requiring a global commitment to improve the socioeconomic impacts of protected areas on local communities and reduce ivory demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing an intervention codesigned with stakeholders for altering wildlife consumption: Health messaging matters","authors":"Sifan Hu,&nbsp;Kaiwen Zhou,&nbsp;Zhijian Liang,&nbsp;Tien Ming Lee,&nbsp;Diogo Veríssimo,&nbsp;Xiangdong Ruan,&nbsp;Amy Hinsley","doi":"10.1111/conl.13040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consumer behavior change is a key priority to address the illegal wildlife trade, but evaluation of these interventions is lacking. We used surveys and randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of three types of messages, which were codesigned with key stakeholders, with 2496 potential consumers and nontarget consumers in China. We found a 23% decrease in intention among potential consumers to use wild animal medicinal products by health-related messages, and a 14% decrease by legality-related messages, compared with the control group, though the effect size was small. Furthermore, we revealed that the effect of health-related messages occurred indirectly by increasing health risk perceptions associated with improper utilization of wild animals. Yet, we did not find a clear effect pathway of the legality-related messages. Regarding the nontarget consumers, information of whistleblowing platforms and incentives improved willingness to report illegal wildlife use directly, as well as indirectly through adding messages to increase perceived legality risk of using wild products and improve self-efficacy in identifying legal products. Our findings can inform future larger scale efforts to influence wildlife consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity monitoring in Europe: User and policy needs","authors":"Hannah Moersberger,&nbsp;Jose Valdez,&nbsp;Juliette G. C. Martin,&nbsp;Jessica Junker,&nbsp;Ivelina Georgieva,&nbsp;Silke Bauer,&nbsp;Pedro Beja,&nbsp;Tom D. Breeze,&nbsp;Miguel Fernandez,&nbsp;Néstor Fernández,&nbsp;Lluís Brotons,&nbsp;Ute Jandt,&nbsp;Helge Bruelheide,&nbsp;W. Daniel Kissling,&nbsp;Christian Langer,&nbsp;Camino Liquete,&nbsp;Maria Lumbierres,&nbsp;Anne Lyche Solheim,&nbsp;Joachim Maes,&nbsp;Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez,&nbsp;Francisco Moreira,&nbsp;Guy Pe'er,&nbsp;Joana Santana,&nbsp;Judy Shamoun-Baranes,&nbsp;Bruno Smets,&nbsp;César Capinha,&nbsp;Ian McCallum,&nbsp;Henrique M. Pereira,&nbsp;Aletta Bonn","doi":"10.1111/conl.13038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To achieve the goals of the 2030 Global Biodiversity Framework, the European Biodiversity Strategy, and the EU Green Deal, biodiversity monitoring is critical. Monitoring efforts in Europe, however, suffer from gaps and biases in taxonomy, spatial coverage, and temporal resolution, resulting in fragmented and disconnected data. To assess user and policy needs in biodiversity monitoring, we employed a four-step user-centered stakeholder engagement process with over 300 stakeholders including a public stakeholder workshop, online survey, interviews, and a meeting with experts from 18 EU member states, the European Commission, and the European Environment Agency. The stakeholders identified policy needs, current challenges, and potential solutions. Based on the policy and stakeholder assessment, we recommend establishing a European Biodiversity Observation Coordinating Centre to optimize existing observation efforts, harmonize data, and enhance our ability to predict and respond to key challenges related to biodiversity loss in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The last stand: Demographic and population genomic analysis reveals terminal endangerment in tropical timber species Vatica guangxiensis","authors":"Wenji Luo,&nbsp;Qian Tang,&nbsp;Balaji Chattopadhyay,&nbsp;Kritika M. Garg,&nbsp;Frank E. Rheindt,&nbsp;Alison K. S. Wee","doi":"10.1111/conl.13036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropical and subtropical trees provide key ecosystem services but are facing global population decline due to logging, habitat degradation, land conversion, and climate change. <i>Vatica guangxiensis</i> used to be a characteristic timber species of China's tropical forests but is now terminally endangered (280 individuals) and fragmented into three relictual populations in southwest China. Generating genome-wide DNA for ∼82% of all living tree individuals of this species complex, we found evidence for a late Pliocene division into two species-level lineages that have not had gene flow for approximately 3 million years. All three relictual populations exhibited a loss of genetic diversity and recent bottlenecks. In addition, forward simulations indicated a likely population collapse in all three populations within the next century. Our study generates a model framework for the integration of genomic evidence—including evolutionary history, current genetic variation, and future projections—into conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation and human rights: The public commitments of international conservation organizations","authors":"Nicholas Ford-Learner,&nbsp;Jane Addison,&nbsp;Patrick Smallhorn-West","doi":"10.1111/conl.13035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To ensure the protection of both people and nature, conservation practitioners have a responsibility to integrate human rights considerations into their conservation policies and practices. Here, we (i) develop a human rights-based scoring framework for international conservation organization (NGO) policy commitments and (ii) use this to conduct a gap analysis of policy commitments for nine NGOs, which collectively contribute approximately $1.86 billion USD annually to the global conservation budget. While progress has been made, critical gaps remain in commitments to certain rights and recognizing local groups' rights and knowledge, particularly around social development and decent work, recognitional equity, and commitments to implement human rights-based approach principles. Given the influence of these organizations in global public discourse, more comprehensive public commitments to human rights will likely increase compliance with international law, drive organizational change, and help rebuild trust with vulnerable communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establish an US Interagency Wildlife Trade Data System to meet scientific and policy goals","authors":"Jamie K. Reaser","doi":"10.1111/conl.13039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Although widely regarded as the go-to for comprehensive wildlife trade data (Eskew et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Watters et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), short comings of the US Fish &amp; Wildlife (USFWS) Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) have been noted for decades (GAO, &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;; Reaser &amp; Waugh, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). Most recently, Weissgold (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) recommended measures to improve LEMIS quality controls necessary for accurate scientific interpretation and policy application. The temptation to improve LEMIS for such aims is laudable yet inconsistent with its intended function. LEMIS is a law enforcement information system managed by law enforcement staff. It was never envisioned as a platform for advancing scientific goals and it is unlikely to be reprogrammed for such purpose due to limitations of authority and administration. There is substantial need to improve LEMIS data quality to better its regulatory function. Consequently, this can improve scientific application potential, but substantial analytical limits will remain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;LEMIS data are a subset of the multiagency data relative to US wildlife importation. Consistent with the whole of government, science-based approach promulgated by the Executive Office of the President (e.g., The White House, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), the United States urgently needs to establish an Interagency Wildlife Trade Data System (IWTDS) to meet priority scientific and policy goals across the environmental, food security, and human health sectors. Calls for such a system have been made by the government accounting officers (GAO, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) and interagency bodies (e.g., Reaser et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) for decades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wildlife trade data are a fundamental resource for preventing species endangerment as well as mitigating invasive species and zoonotic disease risks. Ideally, IWTDS would be administered by a team of information officers with substantial scientific credentials who collectively serve the six federal agencies that have authorities relative to the US trade in live wildlife and/or derivatives: Customs and Border Protection (Department of Homeland Security), USFWS (Department of the Interior), Animal Health and Inspection Service (Department of Agriculture), Centers for Disease Control (Health and Human Services), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Department of Commerce), and the Food and Drug Administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to facilitate interagency wildlife import data collection, access, management, and analyses, IWTDS policies, standards, formats, and protocols must: (1) enable interoperability of agency-specific trade data platforms; (2) allow for direct access by certified agency personnel; (3) integrate an alert system that informs the agencies when and where a wildlife species under their authority is anticipated to enter the United States; (4) establish a shared directory of terms and codes; (5) harmonize terms,","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An operational methodology to identify Critical Ecosystem Areas to help nations achieve the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework","authors":"Ruben Venegas-Li,&nbsp;Hedley S. Grantham,&nbsp;Hugo Rainey,&nbsp;Alex Diment,&nbsp;Robert Tizard,&nbsp;James E. M. Watson","doi":"10.1111/conl.13037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) will become the most important multilateral agreement to guide biodiversity conservation actions globally over the coming decades. An ecosystem goal and various targets for maintaining integrity, restoring degraded ecosystems, and achieving representation in conservation areas feature throughout the GBF. Here, we provide an operational framework that combines disparate information on ecosystem type, extent, integrity, protection levels, and risk of collapse to support identifying irreplaceable “Critical Ecosystem Areas” (CEAs), to help implement these ecosystem targets. The framework classifies each component ecosystem based on its integrity, importance in ensuring no ecosystem collapse, and relative value in achieving ecosystem-specific representation targets. These CEAs are immediate conservation opportunities given that they achieve multiple ecosystem GBF goals and targets, and we showcase its application using Myanmar's forested ecosystems as a case study.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy diffusion in global biodiversity conservation: Learning, competition, coercion, and emulation amid US–China great-power politics","authors":"Hubert Cheung,&nbsp;Annie Young Song,&nbsp;Moreno Di Marco,&nbsp;Duan Biggs","doi":"10.1111/conl.13026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coordinated policies and effective global environmental governance are needed to address the global biodiversity crisis. Human dimensions like geopolitics influence conservation decision-making and outcomes. The importance of considering these complex social factors is heightened in an era of renewed great-power politics, as the intensifying US–China rivalry has direct implications for environmental governance and biodiversity outcomes. Can the US–China rivalry and its confrontational dynamics be channeled into conservation policymaking to improve biodiversity outcomes? Drawing from international relations and policy studies, policy diffusion theory can provide conservationists with useful insights into the interdependency of policy decisions. Here, we examine the four mechanisms—competition, coercion, learning, and emulation—of the classic model of policy diffusion theory in the context of environmental policymaking. We explore a case study for each mechanism to illustrate how it can benefit biodiversity conservation, and point to examples of relevant policies and actions that could improve outcomes. To operationalize this concept for conservation, we present a decision tree that conservationists can use to determine the most relevant policy diffusion mechanism in different policy contexts. Upon determining the appropriate mechanism, conservationists can take further steps to intentionally trigger the mechanism and catalyze conservation policy diffusion across jurisdictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerning data absent from LEMIS wildlife trade records","authors":"Orion Goodman,&nbsp;Jonathan E. Kolby","doi":"10.1111/conl.13034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13034","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;International wildlife trade is implicitly complex and esoteric. Oftentimes, the data are doubly so, as crucial contextual information is not readily apparent. Working effectively with these data often requires a robust comprehension of international and domestic trade processes as well as their intersections with national policy administration, conservation, and ecological processes. Weissgold (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) calls attention to important limitations affecting the utility of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) wildlife trade data. However, to prevent further misunderstanding of the LEMIS system, it is necessary to address a sentiment expressed by Weissgold regarding the apparent incompleteness of LEMIS records. The goal of this response is to help researchers working with LEMIS data understand that the LEMIS Declaration subsystem documents a specific subset of international wildlife trade. This understanding is vital for accurate analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Weissgold states, LEMIS wildlife trade data are typically extracted from the LEMIS Declaration subsystem, which omits many confirmed occurrences of illegal wildlife trade interdiction. Wildlife trade activity must qualify as an import or an export before it is eligible to become a LEMIS wildlife trade database record. LEMIS wildlife trade data are records of wildlife trade events processed by USFWS wildlife inspectors, whose jurisdiction is defined by inspection, search, and seizure authority at international land, sea, and air borders as well as at functional equivalents of the border (USFWS, &lt;span&gt;2008a&lt;/span&gt;). Satisfaction of this “border nexus” condition underpins the USFWS Office of Law Enforcement's (OLE) review of trade declarations for internationally traded wildlife (USFWS, &lt;span&gt;2008b&lt;/span&gt;). Domestic instances of illegal wildlife trade handled by USFWS OLE special agents, whether the wildlife was ultimately intended for export or not, are documented elsewhere within LEMIS and must be specifically requested from the Investigations, Violations, or other LEMIS subsystems (USDOI, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). The absence of these records from the LEMIS Declaration subsystem data is not a result of procedural or data entry errors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;LEMIS data users should also note that the LEMIS Declaration subsystem is not a complete record of lawful U.S. international wildlife trade and information gaps abound. If a trade event satisfies any of a series of conditions prescribed by USFWS and the wildlife is not protected by key U.S. legislation such as the Endangered Species Act, Marine Mammal Act, the Lacey Act, etc., then the import (or export) may be exempt from declaration to the USFWS and thus not recorded in LEMIS (Table 1) (U.S.C Title 50 §, &lt;span&gt;14.62&lt;/span&gt;; U.S.C Title 50 §, &lt;span&gt;14.64&lt;/span&gt;). In a dataset as large as LEMIS, records skewed towards or against the recording of certain taxa or types of trade can lead to misrepresentation","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar photovoltaic energy development and biodiversity conservation: Current knowledge and research gaps","authors":"Julia Gómez-Catasús,&nbsp;Manuel B. Morales,&nbsp;David Giralt,&nbsp;David González del Portillo,&nbsp;Robert Manzano-Rubio,&nbsp;Laura Solé-Bujalance,&nbsp;Francesc Sardà-Palomera,&nbsp;Juan Traba,&nbsp;Gerard Bota","doi":"10.1111/conl.13025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar photovoltaic (PV) has become the second renewable energy source, giving rise to potential conflicts with biodiversity conservation. However, the information available about the impacts and mitigation measures of solar PV energy is scarce and scattered, and a rigorous and comprehensive review on the topic is lacking. Here, we review the state of knowledge on its impacts and mitigation measures and identify main knowledge gaps. For that, we reviewed more than 2000 articles, out of which only 180 assessed the impacts of solar PV (<i>N</i> = 138) and/or propose mitigation measures (65). Even though Asia and Europe head the list of regions with the highest PV installed capacity (59% and 22%, respectively), a large portion of the existing knowledge is drawn from North American environmental contexts (48% of the studies), specifically from deserts (41%). Impacts were addressed on plants (26%), arthropods (14%), birds (10%), microorganisms (10%), reptiles (7%), mammals (4%), and bats (1%), but also on abiotic factors (e.g., humidity and temperature; 20%) and ecosystem services (3%). Most studies addressed the impact of PV on habitat alteration at landscape (33%) and microhabitat scale (20%), and on microclimate at microhabitat scale (17%), but other topics have been scarcely addressed (e.g., impact on microclimate at landscape scale or the potential of agrivoltaic systems). Lastly, 53% of the studies employed a single PV facility, and preconstruction situations were rarely reported (8%). There is a strong environmental context bias in the current understanding of PV impacts, which might not be extrapolable to other environmental situations like farmlands, where most of the solar PV capacity is being installed. Moreover, standardized and robust sampling designs are lacking to address cumulative, long-term, and long-scale impacts and produce comparable findings across contexts. Given the lack of empirical evidence and the irrepressible development of PV energy, it is advisable to apply an iterative monitoring and adaptive process to guarantee a safe energy transition. This review may provide useful guidance on prioritizing research efforts for a smooth shift to renewable energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}