Journal of Fire Sciences最新文献_第9页

Powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites with reduced flammability 可燃性降低的粉末环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/0734904119831211

Rafał Oliwa, M. Oleksy, Justyna Czech-Polak, M. Płocińska, S. Krauze, M. Kowalski

{"title":"Powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites with reduced flammability","authors":"Rafał Oliwa, M. Oleksy, Justyna Czech-Polak, M. Płocińska, S. Krauze, M. Kowalski","doi":"10.1177/0734904119831211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904119831211","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the possible enhancement of flame resistance in powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites. For this purpose, the halogen-free flame retardants containing phosphorous, nitrogen and aluminium were used. The total content of the fillers did not exceed 25 wt%. The laminates assessed for flame retardancy were designed specifically to be used as components of seats in public transport. Thermal resistance of the laminates and the surfaces of partially burned composites were also examined using thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses, respectively. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the highest flame resistance (V-0 class, minimum oxygen concentration = 35.5% and maximum average rate of heat emission = 38.5 kW/m2 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2) was identified in the laminates with matrix comprising 15 wt% aluminium diethyl phosphinate and 10 wt% melamine polyphosphate. In turn, the laminates with the matrix containing ammonium polyphosphate as the main component achieved only the V-1 flammability class.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"155 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0734904119831211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43212152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Experimental study of the characteristic parameters of the combustion of the wood of ancient buildings 古建筑木材燃烧特性参数的实验研究

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118822049

Haiyan Wang, Yao Tian, Lei Zhang

{"title":"Experimental study of the characteristic parameters of the combustion of the wood of ancient buildings","authors":"Haiyan Wang, Yao Tian, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1177/0734904118822049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904118822049","url":null,"abstract":"The degree of ageing, the combustion kinetic performance and the change law of the combustion characteristics of ancient pine were experimentally investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, calorimetry experiments, component analysis experiments and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results show that the hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and resin contents of the ancient pine decreased by 4.78%, 3.87%, 1.39% and 0.63%, respectively. The volatile content of the ancient pine decreased by 7.37%, while the ash content increased by 5.02%. The terpenes in the ancient pine were almost decomposed, and the calorific value of the ancient pine decreased by 21.54%. The ignition point of ancient pine was 19.83°C lower than that of the fresh pine. The activation energy and heat of the pre-charring stage of the combustion of the ancient pine were 1.37 times and 0.51 times those of the fresh pine, respectively. In contrast, the activation energy and heat of the charring stage of the combustion of the ancient pine were 0.66 times and 1.2 times those of the fresh pine, respectively. The ignition time and peak time of the ancient pine were shorter, and the heat release rate, smoke production rate, specific extinction area and CO production rate were higher than those of fresh pine.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"117 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0734904118822049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evaluating the thermal failure risk of large-format lithium-ion batteries using a cone calorimeter 使用锥形量热计评估大型锂离子电池的热失效风险

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118816616

Zhi Wang, X. Ning, K. Zhu, J. Hu, Han Yang, Jian Wang

引用次数: 24

Synthesis of hollow tin dioxide and its improvement of flame retardancy and toughness on poly(vinyl chloride) 中空二氧化锡的合成及其对聚氯乙烯阻燃韧性的改善

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118815056

Weidong Hu, Jing Wu, Y. Jiao, Jixing Xie, Jinjie Chen, Jianzhong Xu

{"title":"Synthesis of hollow tin dioxide and its improvement of flame retardancy and toughness on poly(vinyl chloride)","authors":"Weidong Hu, Jing Wu, Y. Jiao, Jixing Xie, Jinjie Chen, Jianzhong Xu","doi":"10.1177/0734904118815056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904118815056","url":null,"abstract":"Hollow tin dioxide (S-SnO2) and solid SnO2 (B-SnO2) were prepared by a hydrothermal-calcination method with and without carbon spheres as templates, respectively. The flame retardancy, mechanical and thermal degradation properties, and char residues of the poly(vinyl chloride) samples treated with S-SnO2 and B-SnO2 were contrastively investigated by a limiting oxygen index instrument, cone calorimeter (Cone), tensile properties tests, and thermogravimetric analyzer. When the loading level of SnO2 was 2 phr, the limiting oxygen index of the poly(vinyl chloride) sample treated with S-SnO2 (poly(vinyl chloride)/S-SnO2) increased by 5.3% and 2%, and its elongation is 27.3% and 29.9% higher than that of the blank poly(vinyl chloride) and the poly(vinyl chloride) sample treated with B-SnO2 (poly(vinyl chloride)/B-SnO2), respectively. Compared with the blank poly(vinyl chloride) and the poly(vinyl chloride)/B-SnO2, the total heat release of poly(vinyl chloride)/S-SnO2 decreased by 24.5% and 9.4%, and the peak of smoke production rate decreased by 56.7% and 11.7%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"67 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0734904118815056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43881401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The synthesis and characterization of a DOPO derivative bearing an active terminal epoxy group: e-DOPO and its application in rigid polyurethane foam 带有活性末端环氧基的DOPO衍生物e-DOPO的合成、表征及其在硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118812227

Daikun Jia, Jiyu He, Rongjie Yang

{"title":"The synthesis and characterization of a DOPO derivative bearing an active terminal epoxy group: e-DOPO and its application in rigid polyurethane foam","authors":"Daikun Jia, Jiyu He, Rongjie Yang","doi":"10.1177/0734904118812227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904118812227","url":null,"abstract":"DOPO and its derivatives are excellent phosphorus-based flame retardants, which are applied to a series of polymer materials. In this article, a DOPO derivative bearing an active terminal epoxy group was synthesized using a non-solvent method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, ultra-performance liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and viscosity measurements were performed to determine its molecular structure, purity, thermal performance, and fluidity. A possible fragmentation mechanism of the as-prepared DOPO derivative was analyzed using electron ionization mass spectrometer. All the results indicate that the synthesis was successful and the product had satisfactory purity and its initial decomposition temperature (T5%) under nitrogen and air atmosphere was 246°C and 240°C, respectively. Then, as a comparison with dimethyl methyl phosphonate, triethyl phosphate, and DOPO, e-DOPO was applied to a rigid polyurethane foam to investigate its effect on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and cell morphology of polyurethane foam by limiting oxygen index, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that e-DOPO has a greater effect than DOPO and can effectively reduce the heat release and smoke release and improve the limiting oxygen index and thermal performance of the polyurethane foam. The cell size of the sample containing e-DOPO was more uniform.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"47 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0734904118812227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45485955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Performance analysis of a heat transfer and sub-grid chemical reaction distributed activation energy model for fire simulations 用于火灾模拟的传热和子网格化学反应分布式活化能模型的性能分析

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118808009

A. Bhargava, P. van Hees, B. Husted, Antonio Rodolfo Junior, Corina Neumeister

{"title":"Performance analysis of a heat transfer and sub-grid chemical reaction distributed activation energy model for fire simulations","authors":"A. Bhargava, P. van Hees, B. Husted, Antonio Rodolfo Junior, Corina Neumeister","doi":"10.1177/0734904118808009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904118808009","url":null,"abstract":"A heat transfer and sub-grid chemical reaction kinetic model for solid phase combustion of a charring polymer is presented based on distributed reactivity modeling approach. The model is used to compute flammability parameters of a polymer sheet of a given thickness to simulate test results of a cone calorimeter experiment. Comparison of model simulations with cone calorimeter test data shows that it gives reasonable prediction of mass loss rate, heat release rate, and total heat released of poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) and ethyl vinyl acetate–aluminum tri-hydroxide (EVA-ATH). The solution of governing equations with the current form of distributed reactivity modeling model poses numerical challenges due to appearance of a double integral in the chemical reaction model. Hence, an analytical approximation has been derived to solve mass and energy conservation equations representing the model. Simulation results indicate that with the approximated form of the distributed reactivity modeling model, along with the input parameters retrieved from literature, the model shows comparatively good predictions for EVA-ATH for mass loss rate, heat release rate, and total heat released, but calculates under-predicted values for PVC.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"18 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0734904118808009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48360289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Burning process characterization of biodiesel pool fires 生物柴油池火燃烧过程表征

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-02 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118807627

P. Rantuch, L. Blinová, A. Bartošová, J. Martinka, Igor Wachter

引用次数: 8

The impact of sulfur oxidation level on flame retardancy 硫氧化水平对阻燃性能的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118806155

B. Howell, Y. G. Daniel

引用次数: 26

The effects of N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol on the flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams N，N-（均苯二甲酰基）-双-1-苯丙氨酸二酸酯二醇对硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能和物理力学性能的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118806648

Daikun Jia, Y. Tong, Jinghui Hu

{"title":"The effects of N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol on the flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams","authors":"Daikun Jia, Y. Tong, Jinghui Hu","doi":"10.1177/0734904118806648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904118806648","url":null,"abstract":"Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams incorporating N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol have been prepared. After adding N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol, the density and compressive strength of the polyurethane foams were seen to decrease. The flame retardancy of the polyurethane foams has been characterized by limiting oxygen index, upper limit–94, and cone calorimeter tests. The polyurethane foam with 2.27 wt% N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol gave a highest limiting oxygen index of 33.4%, and the peak heat release rate of polyurethane foam reduced to 19.5 kW/m2 from 47.6 kW/m2 of PU-0 without N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol. Upper limit–94 revealed N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol did not change the burning rating, and all polyurethane foams had passed V-0 rating. The thermal stability of polyurethane foams has been investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer. N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly increased the initial decomposition temperature of polyurethane foams and their residues. In addition, the morphology of residual char from the flame-retarded polyurethane foams after cone calorimeter tests has also been characterized by digital photographs. The results indicated that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly enhanced the strength and compatibility of the char layer formed by the polyurethane foams. These results indicate that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol can improve both the quality and quantity of the char, which has a significant effect on the flame-retardant properties of the foam.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"535 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0734904118806648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45871405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A modified zone model on vertical cable tray fire in a confined compartment in the nuclear power plant 核电站密闭空间垂直电缆桥架火灾的修正区域模型

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/0734904118800648

Xianjia Huang, Zhaoying Ren, He-hua Zhu, Lan Peng, Chihonn Cheng, W. Chow

{"title":"A modified zone model on vertical cable tray fire in a confined compartment in the nuclear power plant","authors":"Xianjia Huang, Zhaoying Ren, He-hua Zhu, Lan Peng, Chihonn Cheng, W. Chow","doi":"10.1177/0734904118800648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904118800648","url":null,"abstract":"Room fire with vertical cable tray involves upward flame spread along the cable. Assessing the vertical cable tray fire hazard in confined spaces has been challenging because of the strong coupling between flame spread and heat transfer. Long computing time is required in using sophisticated field model with computational fluid dynamics. Therefore, developing an appropriate zone model in a cable room fire with experimental validation is required for engineering applications. In this study, a vertical cable tray fire in a confined compartment was simulated using a modified zone model along three new areas on having temporal variations of the fire position, upward-spreading cable flame considered as a burning source moving at a constant speed, and validated through full-scale experiments on vertical cable tray fire with two typical cable-line spacing. The modified zone model can predict accurately the upper-layer temperature in the compartment. The accuracy is at least 25% higher than the model with fixed fire position. The measured temperature at different heights started to decrease at different times, which was due to the vertical spreading of the cable flame. For interface height, the relative error and normalized Euclidean distance in the time-varying fire position model can be improved by 50%.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"472 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0734904118800648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48807593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6