Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Application of cellulose-based flocculants in microalgae flocculation: A review","authors":"Guozhu Xiong,&nbsp;Guohua Dao,&nbsp;Wenping Xiang,&nbsp;Qin xian Yang,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhou,&nbsp;Xuejun Pan,&nbsp;Benqin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of green and sustainable flocculants is critical for addressing the global environmental challenge of harmful algal blooms (HABs) through algal water separation techniques. Cellulose-based flocculants have garnered significant attention due to their biodegradability, substantial potential for surface modification, natural abundance, and high flocculation efficiency. Currently, the application of cellulose in microalgae flocculation primarily involves native cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. The flocculation performance of cellulose-based flocculants can be effectively enhanced through etherification modification and graft copolymerization. However, microalgae species, culture media, flocculant properties, and environmental factors may influence flocculation efficiency, necessitating the selection of appropriate cellulose sources and modification methods for specific application scenarios. This review examines recent advancements in cellulose-based flocculants for microalgae flocculation, including their sources, preparation methods, flocculation mechanisms, modification techniques, and factors affecting efficiency. The potential value of cellulose-based flocculants and the key technical challenges they face are evaluated, with the aim of providing theoretical support for future research and advancing microalgae harvesting technologies using cellulose-based flocculants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117857"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-functional materials (catalysts and adsorbents) as innovative and sustainable pathways toward combined healthcare (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer properties) and water pollution remediation","authors":"Mozhdeh Meghdadian,&nbsp;Niyaz Mohammad Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a significant global health concern despite recent advancements in medicine and pharmaceuticals. Also, water contamination caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria and industrial dyes, significantly contributes to cancer prevalence and microbial diseases among populations. This review focuses on multifunctional nanomaterials—particularly photocatalysts, adsorbents, and catalysts—that possess dual abilities in both healthcare (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-corona virus, antioxidant, and anticancer) and environmental pollutant removal. The emergence of nanotechnology, especially through nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), offers innovative strategies for addressing these two domains. These materials not only improve the effectiveness of cancer therapies but also serve as agents for water purification. The relevance and promise of these materials have stimulated growing academic interest in this interdisciplinary field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117718"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution and research hotspots of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs): Health risks, environmental behavior, and collaborative effort","authors":"Jing-Xuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiong-Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Zi-Yi Zheng ,&nbsp;Li-Chun Qiao ,&nbsp;Yi Hu ,&nbsp;Kaiyao Hu ,&nbsp;Xuming Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Jia ,&nbsp;Wenhao Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To systematically analyze the development trajectory and knowledge structure of health risk research on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 655 articles published between 2014 and 2024 in the Web of Science Core Collection, using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix. The results reveal a global research landscape characterized by a China–U.S. dual-core structure, with limited participation from low-income countries and international collaboration predominantly centered around China–U.S. partnerships. Research themes have shifted from environmental behavior analysis to health risk assessment, with molecular toxicological mechanisms and advanced degradation technologies emerging as new frontiers. Four major knowledge clusters were identified: (1) the multi-source nature of exposure pathways, (2) multi-organ toxicological effects, (3) challenges in the accuracy and standardization of detection technologies, and (4) bottlenecks in multi-type treatment approaches. Given the current geographical imbalances and technological gaps, this study recommended to establish an international mutual recognition system for portable detection devices to address monitoring gaps, advocate for the inclusion of C9-C14 long-chain perfluorinated chemicals in the Stockholm Convention, and establish a cross-border technology transfer fund to accelerate the standardization of degradation processes, thereby providing a cross-border cooperation pathway for global emerging pollutant management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117792"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensionally electrochemical oxidation technology: Current advances, challenges, and prospects for wastewater treatment","authors":"Chenxi Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhitong Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiji Xiao ,&nbsp;Fangxi Wei ,&nbsp;Bo Jiang ,&nbsp;Fan Xiao ,&nbsp;Yanbo Zhou ,&nbsp;Xubiao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensionally (3D) electrochemical oxidation technology has emerged as a groundbreaking advancement in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), since the particle electrodes can enlarge the active sites for the generation of free radicals and expedite the mass transfer of pollutants within 3D reactor. However, several aspects of the 3D electrochemical system require further refinement, including the development and fabrication of affordable particle electrodes with high efficiency and stable performance, the rational design of 3D electrochemical reactor layout, and the optimization of processing parameter models. Herein, it presents a comprehensive and critical review on the evolution and application of 3D electrochemical systems, encompassing the characteristics of 3D electrochemical process, reactor configuration, kinetics of pollutant removal at varying primary operating parameters, underlying mechanisms, and approaches for regeneration of electrodes. We highlight the current challenges and issues encountered within this technology, particularly the contentious mechanisms surrounding the electrocatalytic performance of particle electrodes in pollutant degradation, which could potentially confound the development of 3D electrochemical technology towards industrial applications. Accordingly, we systematically describe relevant suggestions and potentially effective strategies, and offer perspectives on the application of 3D electrochemical technology in wastewater treatment. This review paper is expected to underpin the understanding and development of the 3D electrochemical oxidation technology for EAOPs in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117793"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of chloride and nitrogenous ions on advanced oxidation processes: Radical formation, pollutant removal, transformation products, and toxicity changes","authors":"Shu-Chang Pang,&nbsp;Nan Huang,&nbsp;Qing-Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Ye-Qing Chen,&nbsp;Wen-Jing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as a promising technology for the removal of contaminants in water treatment. AOPs generate highly oxidative radicals, such as •OH and SO₄•⁻, and many past studies have demonstrated that inorganic ions (e.g., chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium) in water can react with these radicals to form reactive chlorine species (RCS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These species are involved in pollutant degradation and can affect the formation of toxic byproducts, leading to potential environmental risks. In this review, we summarize the formation pathways of RCS and RNS and the role of chloride and nitrogenous ions in AOPs and compare the effects of chloride and nitrogenous ions on the degradation rate and mineralization efficiency of pollutants. The effects of these ions are influenced by various factors, including the initial concentration of the ions, structure of the pollutant, type of oxidant, pH, and wavelength of the light. Furthermore, we discuss the formation pathways of chlorination or nitration products in the presence of chloride ions and nitrogenous ions. Most chlorination products are more toxic than their parent pollutants, whereas approximately 50 % of nitration or nitrosation products were more toxic than their parent compounds and 50 % were less toxic</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117795"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in computational screening of metal-organic frameworks for carbon capture","authors":"Iradat Hussain Mafat,&nbsp;Sridhar Palla","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorption is regarded as a potential solution for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture due to its high gas storage capacities, selectivity, and recovery of CO₂. The design and development of the carbon capture unit are significantly influenced by the choice of adsorbent. Due to their large surface area, adaptable pore architectures, design versatility, and CO₂ selectivity, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn a lot of interest in this sector. Due to their high tunability and customizable structures, ∼one million MOFs are experimentally and computationally synthesized and reported in databases such as Computational Ready (CoRE), topologically based crystal constructor (ToBaCCo), hypothetical MOFs (hMOFs), in silico, and Zr MOFs, etc. However, testing MOFs experimentally from the millions of structures for the identification of top-performing MOFs for CO₂ capture is infeasible. To overcome this challenge, a high-throughput screening (HTS) technique is applied to segregate datasets based on their adsorption performance characteristics, such as selectivity of target adsorbate, working capacity, regenerability, adsorbent performance score, etc, measured computationally. Although high-throughput screening alleviates the experimental effort, computational techniques consisting of various simulation tools and density functional theory are expensive computationally. Rapid growth in computational power and advancement in data-driven modeling techniques, such as machine learning, could mitigate the HTS time and labor enormously. This data-driven screening technique requires the physical, chemical, and adsorption characteristics to develop an accurate model to predict the carbon capture performance. This technique enables predictive modeling, optimizes the MOF design, and provides interpretability towards the affecting parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117789"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into fuel chemicals: Progress, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Chong Ma ,&nbsp;Yanan Dai ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhuang ,&nbsp;Haichuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating global climate crisis necessitates a universal imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among these efforts, the effective utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is pivotal for achieving energy conservation, emission reduction, the ambitious “dual-carbon” goals, and ensuring national energy security. This review critically examines recent advancements in the catalytic conversion of CO₂ into C₁ fuel chemicals, such as methanol, methane, and formic acid. By highlighting the significance of transforming CO₂ into C₁ compounds for alleviating energy shortages and promoting sustainable carbon recycling technologies. Detailed discussions cover current technologies, reaction mechanisms, and representative catalysts involved in these conversion processes. Despite the promising potential, challenges persist, including catalyst cost and efficiency, as well as the economic viability of large-scale production. Future research directions focus on developing more efficient and cost-effective catalyst systems, optimization reaction conditions, and exploring novel conversion pathways. Continuous technological advancements are anticipated to mature CO₂ utilization technologies, significantly contributing to the realization of dual-carbon objectives and the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117767"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab to large-scale applications of microaeration in anaerobic digestion: Biowaste digestibility, microbiome nexus, and reactor stability","authors":"Ubaid Ullah ,&nbsp;Ali S. Alkorbid ,&nbsp;Mohammed Jalalah ,&nbsp;Farid A. Harraz ,&nbsp;Adel I. Alalawy ,&nbsp;Sedky H.A. Hassan ,&nbsp;El-Sayed Salama","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic digestion (AD) is improved with different approaches, including pretreatments, additives, co-digestion, and bioaugmentation. However, these techniques have limitations such as high cost, harmful substances production, and post-treatment of residues. Microaeration is preferable because it is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and easily operable. Recently, the effect of microaeration on AD has drawn researchers' attention. However, in-depth discussion about microbial communities’ shifts, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) removal, oxidative stress, antioxidative mechanisms, and biomethane efficiency under microaeration is still needed to be reviewed. Thus, the current review fully covered the recent research on the impact of microaeration on substrate digestibility, microbial diversity, desulfurization, and biomethane production. Growth of <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Bacteroidetes</em> is increased with microaeration, which facilitates the breakdown of organic compounds. The relative abundance of <em>Methanosaeta</em> is increased by 3–90.6 % with microaeration. Lab-scale studies exhibited biomethane enhancement by 7.8–77 % under microaeration. Several methanogens (such as <em>Methanosarcina barkeri</em> and <em>Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum</em>) overexpressed antioxidative genes (2–30-fold) that encode enzymes such as catalase, superoxidase dismutase, and superoxide reductase. Large-scale microaeration in anaerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) removed ≥ 90 % H₂S. This review further suggests that integrating microaeration technology with bioaugmentation, co-digestion, and biochar could improve the reactor stability for efficient biomethanation and H₂S removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117766"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured encapsulation for controlled CO2 storage as clathrate hydrate in sub-seabed saline sediments: Containment, stability, and field scale application toward decarbonization. A review","authors":"Erasto E. Kasala ,&nbsp;Jinjie Wang ,&nbsp;Wakeel Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration via clathrate hydrate formation in sub-seabed saline sediments offers a promising solution for reducing anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. Nanostructured encapsulation using nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene oxide, and bio-inspired designs has shown potential in stabilizing CO₂ within solid matrices, enabling controlled hydrate formation and storage. However, fluctuating pressure, temperature, and salinity conditions, especially in harsh environments, challenge encapsulation stability, requiring material optimization for sediment compatibility. Nanomaterials additives enhance hydrate stability, CO₂ absorption efficiency, and mass transfer, though the performance depends on type, size, texture, composition, and formation conditions. Synergistic effects between nanomaterials and surfactants/polymers further improve interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, induction time, and storage capacity. This work highlights key mechanisms governing nanomaterials' CO₂ uptake in subseafloor sediments, including adsorption/absorption, diffusion, structural modifications, confinement effects, and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, the study underscores advanced characterization techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and molecular dynamics, providing insights into structural and thermal properties, while field studies in regions like the North Sea and Norway highlight practical challenges. Despite progress, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental safety under variable subsea conditions remain hurdles. Emerging innovations, such as stimuli-responsive nanomaterials and hierarchical encapsulation architectures, could optimize long-term CO₂ storage and controlled release. By integrating the collective findings drawn from both empirical data in published papers and theoretical deductions, this work provides a roadmap to enhance comprehension regarding the screening, design, formation, nucleation, and growth of CO₂ hydrate in nanostructured encapsulation system toward sustainable CO₂ storage and global decarbonization goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117765"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review on graphitic carbon nitride-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity generation and bioremediation","authors":"Ryan Yow Zhong Yeo ,&nbsp;Wei Lun Ang ,&nbsp;Wai Yin Wong ,&nbsp;Eileen Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Hwa Ng ,&nbsp;Soon Wah Goh ,&nbsp;Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin ,&nbsp;Hassan Mohamed ,&nbsp;Swee Su Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has emerged as an auspicious technology among the microbial electrochemistry community in bioelectricity production and bioremediation. Despite the success of MFC technology at laboratory scale, its power output remains insufficient for industrial-scale applications. Scaling up to meet energy demands requires the installation of numerous MFC units, significantly increasing costs due to the need for high-quality electrode materials. The unique features of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), such as its biocompatibility, chemical robustness in aqueous systems, and tunable redox-active structure, make it particularly attractive for enhancing electrode performance in microbial fuel cells. Herein, we provide a critical analysis of g-C₃N₄’s catalytic properties in relation to the specific selection criteria for highly efficient anode and cathode materials. Following this, we delve into g-C₃N₄-based photo- and electrocatalysts for anode and cathode operations such as bioenergy generation, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and pollutant removal. Specifically, a myriad of g-C₃N₄-based materials such as g-C₃N₄ composites, g-C₃N₄/single atom catalysts, g-C₃N₄/metal oxides, and g-C₃N₄/metal organic frameworks are discussed extensively, with an emphasis on the material’s structure-performance relationship in MFCs. Moreover, the review highlights the strengths of computational tools like density functional theory (DFT) in catalyst design by bridging computational and experimental results. Finally, we conclude by offering future perspectives on the precise design and fabrication of g-C₃N₄-based materials tailored for MFC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 117756"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}