Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Detoxification of Heavy Metals from Leafy Edible Vegetables by Agricultural Waste: Apricot Pit Shell","authors":"Bita Tavakoli-Hosseinabady, P. Ziarati, E. Ballali, K. Umachandran","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000548","url":null,"abstract":"Soil contamination by heavy metals, though restricted to surface horizons, based on soil texture are occluded, organically complexed, modified and specifically adsorbed based on anthropogenic sources, resulted in toxicity ramification on human health, has been in vogue as a serious environmental problem for last few decades. A laboratory study was planned due to reduction of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel toxicity by a low-cost soil amendment. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) pit shell an abundant and low cost natural resource in Iran was used to adsorbing some heavy metals from contaminated soil of vegetable farmlands. Different adsorption parameters like adsorbent dose, particle size of adsorbent and time of growing vegetable were studied. Composite soil sample were collected from four randomized farmland locations at three agricultural fields (each one more than 10 hectares), in Yazd county in Yazd Province. Cultivated Leafy vegetables were grown under controlled similar physical conditions, including pH, light and demonized watering. Leaves, roots and soil samples were examined, analyses and studied, at various frequencies for heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73785196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Performance of Iron Oxide-Based Ceramsite in a Biotrickling Filter for Nitrogen Oxides Removal","authors":"Li Han, Z. Nan, Guo Ze, Fan Jing, Wu Dafu, H. Shaobin","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000534","url":null,"abstract":"A novel medium containing iron oxide-based porous ceramsite (modified ceramsite) and commercial ceramsite was used in two bench-scale biotrickling filter for nitrogen oxides removal to evaluate the performance of the modified ceramaite. In this study, we adopted the method of surface coating by choosing FeCl3·6H2O as modifier. Under the calcination time was 4 h at the temperature of 500°C, the modified filler presented excellent adsorption for microbial growth and the mass dry weight of biofilm reached a peak of 1.28 mg/g. Results showed that the density increased by 17% and porosity increased by about 15%, and the isoelectric point PI increased more than 4 times, while the surface pH value reduced to 3.46. The surface of pH is much lower than the isoelectric point, to ensure that its surface is electropositive, besides, the modified ceramsite had a more rough surface compared with ceramsite and changed the two-dimensional rough surface into three-dimensional surface. It only took 8 days for the biotrickling filter to start up with the modified ceramsite while the commercial ceramsite was about 22 days, which greatly shortened the start-up period. Packing with the modified filler, the NO removal performance stayed quite stable and efficient, the removal efficiency of NO did not apparently decrease under high inlet concentration of NO and basically maintained an average value of 92.8% during the whole operation period of treatment. While the commercial ceramsite presented an obvious removal decrease comparing with the modified, especially with the high NO inlet concentration of above 1600 mg/m3 and the removal efficiency was less than 80%. The iron oxide-based ceramsite proved to have the capability for improving the performance of the biofilter for NO removal. Furthermore, the fall off of the surface coating is not obvious under the experimental condition and the property of the coating is relatively stable in a long period of operation. Thus, our findings support the modified filler of iron oxide-based ceramsite as a material for use in filter media in in a biotrickling filter for pollutant gas removal.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90541029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Study of Toxicity Kohl and Black Stone Hair Dye","authors":"A. Shihata","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000539","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kohl has been known and used traditionally as eye cosmetic for women and babies. Kohl is a gray or black eye cosmetic used in middle east, India, Pakistan, and some parts of Africa. There are different forms of commercially available preparation: stone powder finger rods, or pencils. Black hair dye is widely used in Upper Egypt, traditionally know as \"stone hair dye\". Many cases of toxicity and mortality either due to accidental or deliberate ingestion of hair dyes were reported in Egypt and other countries. Objective: To determination the elements in Kohl and Hair Dye from market and comparison these elements in liver and kidney of two women reported in Upper Egypt. Toxicity of Kohl due to Lead, Aluminum, Zinc, and some other metals. While black stone is a traditional hair dye popularly used in the third world as a deep black coloration substance and cheap. Unfortunately, many persons use it as a criminal tool for homicide or suicide. (P-Phenylenediamine PPD) may cause severe dermatitis, gastritis, renal failure, convulsions, and coma in humans. So that (PPD) and other nitro aromatic compounds the main toxic ingredient of hair dye so that it's very dangerous transdermal and the concentration of Lead, Aluminum, Zinc, and some other metals is lower than in Black hair dye. This research was studied that in two cases (human) has died. *Corresponding author: Ahmed Shihata, Forensic Medicine Authority, Assuit University, Egypt, Tel: +201091449737; E-mail: ahmed_shihata_7@yahoo.com Received November 09, 2017; Accepted December 20, 2017; Published January 02, 2018 Citation: Shihata A (2018) Comparison Study of Toxicity Kohl and Black Stone Hair Dye. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 539. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000539 Copyright: © 2018 Shihata A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Shihata A (2018) Comparison Study of Toxicity Kohl and Black Stone Hair Dye. J Environ Anal Toxicol 7: 539. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000539","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88738309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Pesticide Residues by GC-MS in Commercialized Mint Samples","authors":"M. Jbilou, K. Laarej, R. Alami, A. Bouklouze, Y. Cherrah, A. E. Yadini, M. E. Faouzi","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88958127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Exposure to Haze Air Pollution Induces Acute Airway Inflammation and Lung Function Reduction in Healthy Adult Subjects","authors":"Haibin Li, Yanqin Liu, S. Yao, Yuefei Jin, Yixin Luo, Wenyang Li, Chengyu Song, Chong Liu, Ziye Wang, Weidong Wu","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000555","url":null,"abstract":"Haze air pollution with high levels of PM has frequently took place in many areas of China in the past few years. However, the health effect of shirt-term exposure to haze air pollution has not been thoroughly characterized. This study aimed to determine the acute effect of haze exposure on respiratory system of healthy adult subjects, specifically on airways and lung function. Thirty healthy adult subjects were recruited and airway inflammation and lung function alterations examined under control and haze air pollution (157.33 μg/m for mean concentration of PM ) conditions, respectively. Airway inflammation was assessed by sputum induction while lung function was measured using spirometry. It was shown that 24-h exposure to haze air pollution could increase the levels of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the percentages of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the sputum (<0.05). In contrast, the proportion of macrophages in the sputum from haze-exposed subjects decreased significantly (<0.05). In addition, short-term exposure to haze could decrease forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV ), vital capacity (VC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), but not FEV1/FVC. In summary, short-term exposure of healthy adult subjects to haze air pollution induces airway inflammation and lung function impairment.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"103 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80404327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologically Essential and Non-Essential Elements Causing Toxicity in Environment","authors":"S. L. Bansal, S. Asthana","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper encompasses the toxicity of abundant and trace elements present on the earth. Generally, the less abundant elements are more toxic. But even the biologically essential elements become toxic above a critical concentration. The synergistic influence of a metal on toxicity of another is also discussed for mercury selenium and zinc-cadmium pairs. A general observation is made that for biologically important elements a single oxidation states are considerably more toxic. It is known that some elements viz., C, H, O, Na, K, N, P, S, Mg, Ca, Cl are major essentials for life and B, F, Si, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Sn and I are the trace elements essential for life. Cr (III) for example is essential for glucose and lipid metabolism, Mn(II) is a co-factor in a number of enzymatic reactions, Fe has major role in haemoglobin formation, Co(II) is a component of vit. B12, NI(II) has been found to be essential for mammals and Mo is an important co-factor for xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase as a consequence of its different oxidation states. A minimum concentration of these elements is essential for proper growth of body, but beyond certain level of concentration these elements also become toxic. The threshold concentration is comparatively higher for the compounds of metals which have some biological function but for other metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Sb etc) the tolerance limit is very low. These metals get accumulated in body because they are not biodegradable.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88612934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Sorbent of Destructive Type Based on Wood Biochar for Removal of Oil Pollution","authors":"Khokhlov Andrii Viktorovich, Khokhlova Lyudmila Iosiphovna","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86065231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TCR-Vβ8 as Alternative to Animal Testing for Quantifying Active SEE","authors":"R. Rasooly, P. Do, Xiaohua He, Bradley J. Hernlem","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000527","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcal food poisoning is a result of ingestion of Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. SEs cause gastroenteritis and also cause activation of T cells and massive cytokine release. A current method for the detection of active SEs relies on its emetic effect on monkeys or kittens. However this costly procedure has low sensitivity and raises ethical concerns. This present study overcomes the limitations of such bioassays by providing an alternative method based on the alteration of TCR Vβ8 protein levels expressed on Jurkat T cell-line. We demonstrated that increasing concentrations of SEE, the causative agent in foodborne outbreaks in France, UK and USA, reduced TCR Vβ8 protein levels in a dose dependent manner and similarly alters the luciferase gene expression under the regulation of nuclear factor of T-cell activation (NFAT). Unlike previous studies that show accessory cells are not required for T cell activation by SEA or SEB, this present study demonstrated that accessory cells are required for T cell activation by SEE and SEE has greater affinity for the accessory cells than the Jurkat T cell. It is advantageous to use fixed dead cells where possible to reduce cell culture work. In this study we show that fixed accessory cells lacking any metabolic function without processing can present intact SEE and consequently alter TCR Vβ8 levels and the reporter gene expression.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88458905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of ZrO 2 Nano Particles Prepared by Glycothermal Method and their Efficiency as Adsorbent of As(III) and As(V) from Waste Water","authors":"B. Al‐Farhan","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000532","url":null,"abstract":"In this studied ZrO2 nano particles are prepared by glycothermal method. Characterization of the prepared nano particle was done using XRD, TEM and SEM. According to the obtained results, ZrO2 nano particles prepared by glycothermal method are mainly t-ZrO2 phase with tetragonal shape with an average size in the range of 30-50 nm. The formation of t-ZrO2 as the main phase of zirconium nano particles could be related to the presence of sodium hydroxide in the generation step. The removal efficiency of ZrO2 nano particles for adsorbing As(III) and As(V) from waste water is studied. The efficiency of removal is significantly increased with increasing the dose of zirconia nano particles till 0.5 g/L. This related to increasing in the active site which are available for the removal of arsenic species by increasing the dose of the nano particles. For both As(III) and As(V), the removal efficiency increased by decreasing pH value of the solution and increasing the contact time.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82729819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Assessment through an Integrated Approach Using GIS and Electrical Resistivity Technique: A Case Study from the Bullom Group of Sediments in Sierra Leone","authors":"Yaguba Jalloh, M. Thomsa, K. Sasaki","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000523","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical Resistivity in conjunction with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques have been widely used in groundwater resource management. In this research, Vertical Electric Sounding (VES), an Electrical Resistivity method, was integrated with GIS to delineate geo-electric characteristics and evaluate groundwater potential of the Bullom group of sediments in Sierra Leone. For this assessment, a total of 5 vertical electrical sounding stations were established within the site. The Schlumberger electrode configuration and the expanding procedure were used for data acquisition. The VES curves generated were interpreted using partial curve matching. The depth sounding interpretation results were used to generate geo-electric sections from which the aquifer was delineated. The aquifer revealed four subsurface layers which comprises of sandy topsoil, clayey sand which acts as aquitard and sandy gravel (confine aquifer) that serves as a source of portable water in the study area. A GIS model was then developed to locate the suitable groundwater prospective zones which reveals the average depth to groundwater to be between 10 m to 30 m. This research concluded that the boreholes were sited in high conductivity zones in VES layers 1, 2, 3 and 4 as they contain probable aquifers with good yield.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79661153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}