Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Cadmium on the Endocrine and Exocrine Sexual Activity in the Adult Male and Female Wistar Rats: Determination of an Apoptotic Process","authors":"","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000552","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the impact of chronic exposure to cadmium on male and female’s fertility in rats. In fact, some male and female rats are given distilled water for drinking (T: controls), whereas the other ones are given distilled water enriched with chloride cadmium, either 10 (C1 group) or 20 mg/l (C2 group) for 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 or 90 days. In male rats, Cadmium, which induced a pathological change in spermatogenesis, is observed by histological studies: arrest of cell germ maturation, Then, an alteration of the structure of the seminiferous tubes with blockage of spermatogenesis (presence of male gametes without flagella or total absence of spermatozoa and destruction of the sertoli cells, testified by the presence of spans). Then, a decrease of the motility and the number of spermatozoa at the end of the treatment indicates the local cytotoxic effect of cadmium (Cd) on spermatogenesis, inducing an apoptotic phenomenon revealed by borated toluidine blue in the testicular cells, which affects the different stages of spermatogenesis. Serum testosterone level is found to be low at the beginning of the treatment, reaches a peak, then returns to the control values and even exceeds them in spite of the continuation of the treatment. It is therefore a hormonal adaptation to this pollutant. In female rats, the practiced vaginal smears revealed the oestrus phase in all the groups. Exposed females are mated to control males, and fertility is assessed later by counting the number of pregnancies. Fertility is found to be reduced in females of C1 and C2 groups as compared to control females (T group).","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"107 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85690880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Little Fish with a High Heavy Metals Burden: The Case of Straightfin Barb, Enteromius paludinosus (Peters 1852) from River Malewa, Naivasha, Kenya","authors":"E. A. Ngesa, E. Otachi, Nzula Kitaka","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000583","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the accumulation of heavy metals namely; Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) in the tissues of Straightfin barb, Enteromius paludinosus (Peters 1852) from the mouth of River Malewa in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. A total of 1307 fish were collected from the lake during the month of November, 2017. Water samples, sediment samples, 25 fish muscle tissues and its endoparasite, the cestode Ligula intestinalis were collected and heavy metal concentrations determined using the Thermal-electron atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentrations of these heavy metals in the sediment showed no signs of pollution. In the muscle tissues of the fish, As, Cr, Pb and Hg showed high levels with mean concentrations of 5.0696, 22.0854, 45.2108 and 1.5458 mg/ kg ww respectively. The Target hazard quotients of As, Cr, Pb and Hg obtained were 98.5066, 42.9138, 65.8863 and 90.1086 respectively, indicating a possible health risk associated with the consumption of the straightfin barb. The bioaccumulation factors for L. intestinalis were 2.4093, 2.1873, 5.8601 and 5.1395 for As, Cr, Pb and Hg, respectively, indicating the potential of the cestode in accumulation of heavy metals from the host inferring that these parasites can be used as an accumulation bioindicator instead of its host fish because of its better heavy metal accumulation potential. *Corresponding author: Otachi EO, Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton, Kenya, Tel: +22545430555; E-mail: elickotachi@gmail.com Received May 08, 2018; Accepted July 01, 2018; Published July 05, 2018 Citation: Ngesa EA, Otachi EO, Kitaka NK (2018) Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton, Kenya. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 583. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000583 Copyright: © 2018 Ngesa EA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Ngesa EA, Otachi EO, Kitaka NK (2018) A Little Fish with a High Heavy Metals Burden: The Case of Straightfin Barb, Enteromius paludinosus (Peters 1852) from River Malewa, Naivasha, Kenya. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 583. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000583","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75511675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrients Removal Efficiency Assessment of Constructed Wetland for the Rural Domestic Wastewater Growing Distinct Species of Vegetation","authors":"Ittehad Hussain, Xiwu Lu, J. Hussain, Raana Fahim, Stanislaus Tombe Venusto Lako","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72974300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Powder XRD Technique to Analyze Polluted Soil","authors":"A. Chauhan, B. Mittu","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000E111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000E111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84887019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of Oil Properties from a Niger Delta Crude","authors":"Ofodile Se, Boisa N, Obunwo Cc, Frank Om","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000563","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of crude being physical, elemental, compositional and bulk parameter analyses is an investigative approach into the properties of crude oil. This study shows the properties of Afiesere crude oil in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The parameters investigated are density, specific gravity, API gravity, vapour pressure, kinematic viscosity, moisture content, gum content, cloud point, pour point, flash point, metallic constituents (V, Ni), elemental (N2,O2,S2) and compositional (aliphatic and heavier) hydrocarbons using ASTM/IP procedural methods. The results show density (0.9440 g/cm3), specific gravity (0.9450), API gravity (18.2°), vapour pressure (7 kPa), kinematic viscosity (80.4 cSt), moisture (3175 ppm), gum content (71,000 ppm), cloud point (-2°C), pour point (-10°C), flash point (95°C), Vanadium (0.05 ppm), Nickel (0.39 ppm), N2 (0.11%), O2 (<0.5%), S2 (1.25%), aliphatic hydrocarbons (0.032-2.804%), heavier hydrocarbons (0.210-1.737%). The outcome of these results can be used effectively to predict the transportation, storage and/or refining of the crude oil being analysed.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84892272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu) in Coastal Sediments and Fish Urban Area of Semarang, Indonesia","authors":"Aymin Abobakir Almiqrhi","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000568","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) pollutants in coastal sediment, Semarang, to create a statistical model based on the result of test that would be obtained from costal sediments samples, to make permite statements about pollution and change that occurs on the state of the environment in the urban catchment, creating database on pollution control in the region and in the future to maintain biodiversity (to give the industrial activities-pollution permits-by official bodies for the protection of the environment in the state). This research would be conducted in 2017 with the location of sampling and water quality measurement conducted at Usman Janatin Street, Semarang. The sample analysis would be conducted at the Diponegoro University Integrated Laboratory. In this research was focused on deep and width. According to some previous studies such as study done by Mancuso et al. that stated the TAL metals analysis results gave a wide scope of the concentration of metals in coastal urban area. Based on the analysis and result, the conclusion as follows: There was relationship between levels of heavy metals and external environment. The relationship was positive, it means the higher levels of heavy metals, the external environment would be more polluted. The lower levels of heavy metals, the external environment would be low polluted. The internal levels of coastal sediment could be used as an index to infer the state of the environment. This heavy metals determination tool could be used to support policy and decision-making.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81724464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Parameters and Planktonic Species as Indicators to Assess Water Quality of River Basin and Winam (Nyanza) Gulf of Lake Victoria Catchment, Kisumu County, Kenya (East Africa)","authors":"S. Manohar","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000560","url":null,"abstract":"Presence (+) or absence (-) of planktonic species is the direct indication of differences in physicochemical characteristics of water because all living microorganisms appear, survive, develop and multiply in suitable specific habitats within an aquatic ecosystem. Planktonic species as indicators with relation to physicochemical parameters were studied to assess water quality of ten selected (S1-S10) sampling stations along Nyalenda swamp (S1), River Kisat (S2-S5) and part of Winam (Nyanza) Gulf (S6-S10) within Lake Victoria Catchment in Kisumu County, Kenya (East Africa). There are 14 genera (Amphora, Aulacoseira, Closterium, Cyclotella, Cymbella, Diatoma, Fragillaria, Gomphocymbella, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pinnularia, Stephomodiscus, Surillela and Synedra) composed of 28 planktonic species. During the field study, Genus Nitzschia is represented by its five species but only four species N. lucastris; N. palea; N. recta and N. sub-acicularis together with other three genus and four species which are Cymbella cistula; Cymbella sp; Diatoma hiemiale; Navicula granatum are present with 100% frequency in all the ten sampling stations (S1-S10) and very well adapted within wide range of pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, total nitrogen and phosphorus levels. Six species belong to five genera: Aulacoseira ambigua; Aulacoseira nyassensis; Cyclotella kutzinghiana; Diatoma elongatum; Navicula sp; and Surilella ovalis appeared with 80% frequency. There are six genera: Amphora, Cyclotella, Cymbella, Fragillaria, Navicula and Synedra represented by two species each, while other five genera including Closterium, Gomphocymbella, Pinnularia, Stephomodiscus and Surillela are represented with one single species each. There are two species of genus Amphora but only one Amphora sp appeared with 70% frequency. Three planktonic species: Nitzschia dessipata, Synedra cunningtonii, and Synedra ulna are with 60% frequency; three species: Amphora ovalis; Fragilaria aethiopica; and Stephomodiscus astraca appear with 50% frequency; two species: Aulacoseira schroidera and Cyclotella ocellata are with 30% frequency; and three species: Closterium aciculare, Diatoma valgare, and Pinnularia viridis appeared with 20% frequency and lastly, other two remaining species: Fragillaria longissimi and Gomphocymbella beccari are present only in sampling station (S5) with 10% frequency. Each planktonic species is an indicator species of its own low or high levels of physicochemical parameters. Study revealed that mean monthly values of physicochemical levels of pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and silicate show significant difference (p=0.001 ≤ 0.05) but electrical conductivity (381.25 μS/cm to 839.65 μS/cm), turbidity (32.37 NTU to 134.98 NTU), total nitrogen (388.56 μg/l to 908.88 μg/l), phosphorus (329.21 μg/l to 1246.38 μg/l) levels are higher than permissible standards of WHO, EU, KEBS and NEMA. Based on these results, these water bodies are polluted and not good s","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74346905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid Encoded Toluene and Xylene Degradation by Phyllosphere Bacteria","authors":"Undugoda Ljs, Kandisa Rv, S. Kannangara, Sirisena Dm","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000559","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution by monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAH) is a highly concerned great threat in modern world due to the high carcinogenicity and genotoxicity to all living beings. Most of these MAH releasing processes are oil refining processes and vehicular emission. These air trapped pollutants deposit on ground level and phyllosphere takes special place as a ground level exposure surface for these pollutants. Continuous deposition lead to make a MAH degrading microbial consortium in the phyllosphere and these microorganisms can be used as an efficient bioremediators in remediating MAH contaminants which is an environmental friendly solution compared to chemical remediations. The phyllosphere of plant species Ixora chinensis, Ervatamia divaricata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Amaranthus cruentus which are highly abundant along the roadsides of polluted areas in Sri Lanka are rich with several species of bacteria belong to many genera and they were able to degrade toluene and xylene efficiently. The species of Alcaligenes feacalis, Alcaligenes DN25, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus methylotrophicus were able to degrade toluene and xylene efficiently. All these strains harbor plasmids conferring them resistance to ampicillin. Curing of the plasmids of A. feacalis and Alcaligenes sp. DN25 drastically reduced the ability in degrading these toluene and xylene. Upon transformation of plasmids of these two Alcaligenes sp. into E. coli JM109 enabled it to degrade the two hydrocarbons efficiently. But transformation and curing process of two Bacillus sp. into the E. coli JM109 was unsuccessful. Plasmid encoded toluene and xylene degradation of two Alcaligenes sp. suggested the presence of required catabolic genes in these plasmids. PCR amplification with degenerate primers and comparison of their nucleotide sequences with Genbank sequences indicated that plasmids of A. feacalis, Alcaligenes sp. DN25 and B. cereus harbor the genes xylQ involved in toluene and xylene degradation. RFLP and nucleotide sequence comparisons of xylQ amplicons revealed that both of these genes in two bacterial strains (A. feacalis and Alcaligenes sp. DN25) are homologous. But that was heterologous to the xylQ gene of B. cereus. Hence the results clearly showed the potential of A. feacalis, Alcaligenes sp. DN25 and B. cereus in degrading toluene and xylene and also the potential of using them in remediating aromatic hydrocarbonic contaminants.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86079920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS","authors":"Gnangui Christian Adon, Jean-Baptiste Kassi, Cyprien Koffi Yoboue","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000573","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Abidjan is located in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire knows a spatio-temporal dynamics of the occupation of its soil. Anthropogenic activities and the increase of the population contribute strongly to this situation. The objective of this study is to follow the evolution of land use in the Abidjan zone from 1986 to 2017. The study was conducted using satellite data and field observations. It is based on the diachronic analysis of Landsat satellite images from 1986, 2000, 2015 and 2017. The different Landsat images were processed by the classification methods supervised using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The thematic maps produced made it possible to highlight the spatio-temporal dynamics of the land use from 1986 to 2017 in the Abidjan area. The results obtained showed a negative overall evolution of the types of occupation of the territory of our study area. Thus, over this period, there is an annual increase of 1.16% of the habitat/bare soil class against a regression of the other units of land occupation. *Corresponding author: Kassi JB, Laboratory of Geosciences Marines, Department of the Earth Sciences and the Mining Resources (URF-STRM), Félix Houphouet-Boigny University of Abidjan, Cocody, Ivory Coast, Tel: +22545430555; E-mail: ahonjb.kassi@curat-edu.org Received May 08, 2018; Accepted June 01, 2018; Published June 05, 2018 Citation: Adon GC, Kassi JB, Yoboue CK (2018) Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 573. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000573 Copyright: © 2018 Adon GC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Adon GC, Kassi JB, Yoboue CK (2018) Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 573. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000573","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological Assessment of Benzene Exposure Among Employees in Ras- Elmengar Depository of El-Brega Company, Benghazi","authors":"Huda A. Mohamed","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73859784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}