Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Pollution Threatens Human Fertility: It is Time to Make Our Gametes Great Again","authors":"J. Moreau, N. Gatimel, P. Vabre, J. Parinaud, R. Leandri","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000482","url":null,"abstract":"Historical examples of environmental pollution in wildlife have witnessed that mammalian reproduction is a process very highly sensitive to environmental toxins. Such example also exists in humans: it has been shown that breast-fed boys from women exposed to dioxins during the Seveso explosion have permanent reduced sperm quality. Those caricatural accidents have drawn attention on the possible links between environmental toxics and human reproduction and paved the way for studying the effects of much more insidious, chronic exposure [1-3]. The effects of toxics not only concern the exposed individuals, but also their progeny through transplacental impacts and/or epigenetic modifications with potential transgenerational inheritance, both leading to an actual problem of public health. Toxics can act on spermatogenesis as well as oogenesis, but also on embryonic and fetal development [4,5].","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"116 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74572796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Corrosion Inhibition of Water Hyacinth on Mild Steel in an Acidic Medium","authors":"F. Omoruwou, Okewale Ao, Owabor Cn","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000481","url":null,"abstract":"This present work investigated surface response modeling and optimization of corrosion inhibition of water hyacinth on mild steel surface in an acidic medium. This was achieved using the central composite design (CCD) experimental design. Response Surface Methodology was used to assess the effects of experimental process variables that influenced rate of corrosion, and for searching of optimum combinations of factors. The rate of corrosion on mild steel surface was study using weight loss method. The optimum process variables obtained from the quadratic model developed were 1.50 g/l inhibitor’s concentration, 8 hours exposure time, and temperature of 60°C with a predicted inhibitor’s efficiency value of 82.89%. The experimental result obtained from optimum value validation was 81.5% and the predicted optimum value was adequately represented. The mild steel corrosion inhibition was achieved through the double bond adsorption of carbonyl group existing in the inhibitor phytochemical constituent.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75138978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microevolution on Anthropogenically Changed Areas on the Example of Biscutella laevigata Plants from Calamine Waste Heap in Poland","authors":"M. Wierzbicka, M. Pielichowska, Olga Bemowska-Kałabun, P. Wąsowicz","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000479","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of increasing environmental pollution, microevolutionary processes occurring in plants inhabiting anthropogenic areas play a special role. With time, these processes may lead to formation of new plant species. A good example of occurrence of microevolutionary processes on anthropogenically altered areas is the metallophyte Biscutella laevigata L. The studies have shown the existence of significant morphological, anatomical and physiological differences between two groups of the B. laevigata populations occurring in Poland – the population of calamine waste heaps in BolesA…‚aw near Olkusz (Silesian Upland) and the population inhabiting the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians). The demonstrated differences are the adaptation (hereditary characteristics) of the plants to the unfavorable conditions of the calamine waste heap, i. a. high concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The research has also shown theexistence of significant differences between these two groups of populations – both at the genetic and morphological levels (a clonal form of vegetative propagation, removal of heavy metals by the oldest and drying leaves, a zinc tolerant species, trichomes accumulating metals, metal detoxification at the cellular level). The demonstrated differences between the zinc-lead (calamine) waste heap population and the Tatra Mountains population indicate the existence of the new subspecies of Biscutella laevigata subsp. woycickii on the heaps in Boleslaw, in Poland.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86933239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Paradox: Simulation and Policy Recommendations for the Case of Solar Water Heater","authors":"Omar Jridi","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000480","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is crystallized around the explanation of the energy paradox, that of the non adoption of cost-effective energy-saving investments. The latter is mutually driven by two major factors. Uncertainty future benefits of energy savings, which we assume that they follow a geometric Brownian motion. In this stochastic process, we take into account the lower costs of efficient equipment as a result of learning by doing. To affirm the robustness of the model, we generate simulation results for the case of solar water heaters. The minimum rate of return required by households reached 18.81%. Beyond that, the model allows the simulation of the effects of the instruments of energy policy oriented to the promotion of the adoption of this equipment. We urge policymaker’s ineffectiveness of the policy of subsidy to the purchase of energy-saving equipment and the effectiveness of energy taxation policy. The combination of these two instruments amplifies the adoptions of these devices and generates very positive externalities in terms of energy saving and emission reduction of greenhouse gases.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86529721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration Factor for LR 115 Type II Detectors Used to Measure Indoor 220 Rn","authors":"N. T. Ha, T. Giáp, N. Khanh, L. Cuong, Pham Bao Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Oanh","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000476","url":null,"abstract":"Major aim of the paper is to determine calibration factor for LR 115 type II detectors used to measure indoor 220Rn . To determine calibration factor, LR 115 detectors were fixed on top and bottom inside urban cup chamber and sent to NIRS, Japan to 220Rn calibration exposure. After detectors have been calibration exposure at NIRS, authors carried out following all steps of procedure, which set up at laboratory in INST, Vietnam. This paper discusses the experimental method that is used in calculating the calibration factor of 220Rn inside the urban cup, calibration factors (CF) were determined by experimental with detectors placed at top and bottom inside urban cup were 0.023 ± 0.004 and 0.038 ± 0.007(tracks.cm-2/Bq.m-3.d), respectively. The curve between integrated 220Rn concentration and tracks density with factor R2=0.96 and 0.97 at top and bottom inside urban cup, respectively. In order to precision evaluation, authors used 20 couple of LR-115 detectors at 8cm detector-source distance with relative standard deviation less than 1.48%.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85991192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planktonic Diatoms Species Composition and Water Characteristics Along Selected Sites of River Kisat, Kisumu County, Kenya","authors":"S. Manohar, Otieno Aa, K. El","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000475","url":null,"abstract":"In all global aquatic ecosystems, species composition of micro and macro organisms, abundance, growth, development and their distribution depend on quantity of contaminants, types of contamination; levels of chemical concentrations; sediment load; electrical conductivity; turbidity; seasonal variations; depth, width, flow rate, number of inlets and outlets with volume of water and also the impacts of anthropogenic activities always reflect on the water quality of a wetland. Physico-chemical parameters and planktonic diatoms species composition were studied at five selected sampling stations (C1-C5) along River Kisat from March to August 2016. There are 26 species of planktonic diatoms belong to 13 genus which are Amphora, Aulacoseira, Cyclotella, Cymbella, Diatoma, Fragillaria, Gomphocymbella, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pinnularia, Stephomodiscus Surillela and Synedra. Out of these 26 species, only eight species (Cymbella cistula; Cymbella sp; Diatoma hiemiale; Navicula granatum; Nitzschia lucastris; Nitzschia palea; Nitzchia recta and Nitzschia sub-acicularis) are present in all the five sampling stations, while Fragillaria longissima and Gomphocymbella beccari are present only once in sampling station C4 and C5 respectively. Only genus Nitzschia has five species followed by the genus Aulacoseira represented by three species. There are seven genus which are Amphora, Cyclotella, Cymbella, Diatoma, Fragillaria, Navicula and Synedra represented by two species each, while rest of the four genus including Pinnularia, Gomphocymbella, Surillella and Stephomodiscus are represented only with one species each. The mean monthly values of selected physico-chemical parameters are: electrical conductivity 657.27 ± 186.78 μS/cm, temperature 24.84 ± 0.65°C, pH 7.87 ± 0.24, dissolved oxygen 4.19 ± 0.7 mg/l, turbidity 89.90 ± 9.76 NTU, flow rate 1.38 ± 0.05 km/h; total alkalinity 150.85 ± 28.23 mg/l, total nitrogen 657.27 ± 227.56 μg/l, total phosphorus 677.18 ± 20.87 μg/l, silicates 4.11 ± 0.52 mg/l and chlorophyll-a 130.54 ± 40.15 mg/l. The study revealed that only pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and silicate show significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) along Kisat river but rest of the physico-chemical levels of conductivity, turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus show higher concentrations in river water. It is concluded that the presence or absence of planktonic species and their frequency should be used as bioindicator( s) to assess the status of water quality of any aquatic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"177 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82682809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Atmospheric Gaseous Components in Abattoir Operation Site in Ogbor-Hill Aba, Abia State, Nigeria","authors":"Ubuoh Ea, Uchendu Ui, C. Kanu","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000474","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient air pollutant has become a major problem in most town in Nigeria. The study aimed at assessing the spatiotemporal variation of abattoir operation on the ambient air quality in Ogbor-hill Aba. The study was carried out within 3 months with emphasis on seven pollutant that originated from abattoir operation at graded distance. From the result, three of the criteria pollutants monitored, SO2, NO2 and PM10 recorded the mean values of 613.25 µg/m3. 699.05 µg/m3 and 1966.67 µg/m3. these exceeded the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) by 13%, 14.31% and 76.27% respectively. With a statistical model, the PSI value for the pollutants were found to be SO2 (588.81 µg/m3), NO2 (878.62 µg/m3) and PM10 (585.91 µg/m3) which signifies elevated concentration of pollutant. Further comparisons were made using WHO and FMENV, the result of the pollutants exceeded their approved standards. On subjection to ANOVA, SO2 and NO2 exerted a significant effect at p = 0.01 and PM10 proved significant at p = 0.05. the entire result indicated a very serious health implication on the public especially those with existing health challenges. The high concentration of these pollutants on the ambient air triggers health alters and every one may experience more serious health effect on continuous exposure. To mitigate this emission, the abattoir operators must adopt a hygienic and modern of effluent before disposal. Excess waste can be used for agricultural purposes. Further abatement measures may require the relocation of the abattoir far from residential areas.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83836312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Thermal Stability by Comparison of Potassium Chloride and Potassium/Sodium Formate Fluids","authors":"A. Davarpanah, M. Zarei, A. Razmjoo","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000426","url":null,"abstract":"Formate drilling fluid is a new type of clean brine drilling fluid system which has been developed from inorganic salt brine drilling fluid system. Currently there are mainly three kinds of format: sodium format, potassium format and cesium format. The laboratory research was carried out to determine the thermal stability of drilling fluid. It was formulated using sodium and potassium format salts, potassium chloride. Formate base mud is solid free system. So, mud cake is thin and resilient, it is conductive to improve cementing quality greatly. Formate base fluids because of their low percent of solid settling. Moreover, the low amount of plastic viscosity these muds help to better hydraulic in the well and better hole cleaning. Hence, drilling penetration rate as an extremely parameter in economic costs are decreased. Environmental pollution of formate salts is dramatically less than recent salts like potassium chloride and sodium chloride. It can be appropriate replacement for these environmental polluted salts.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87323354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations of the Impact of PM2.5 Particulate Matter a Health: TheMeaning and Impact of Levels and Air Quality Limits on the Aburrá ValleRegion in Colombia","authors":"E. Posada","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000467","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt that health issues are extremely important when dealing with the impact of air pollution. Increasingly, society is becoming more aware of the enormous risks of pollution. However, information on the relationship between exposures of population to pollution, particularly PM2.5 urban concentrations, is not completely clear for the public and even for environmental authorities. Although, WHO has published guidelines for this, their interpretation to actual urban situations in underdeveloped countries cities is somewhat confusing. The author has review, WHO guidelines and applied them to the particular situation in the city of Medellin and the Aburra Valley region, in Colombia. This region, because of its topography and climate, experiments high PM2.5 episodes in some months of the year, and when that occurs, there are all kind of speculation in the media about this and about the high numbers of death people that this causes. It is proposed to have a more equilibrated approach on this issue when taking mitigating measures and when communicating to the people on the health effects associated. At the same time, it is important to promote research on health issues and their relationship with the environment at the local level, and also to understand the local factors that relate climate, atmospheric visibility and pollution episodes. There must be efforts to establish sensible mitigation and protection of people and property in the face of pollution episodes and not just stimulate fear and a chain of accusations and finger pointing among the communities based on misguided interpretations of the health effects of pollution episodes.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80459811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Blood Characterization in School Teachers with Reference to Chalk Sticks","authors":"S. Ramprasad, Maruthi Ya","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000465","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that usage of chalk causes dust and exposure to chalk dust can cause health hazards in teachers. But the level of exposure to chalk dust in teachers were not known so far. Hence, present study aimed to investigate the level of exposure to chalk dust in teachers by studying the whole blood concentrations of trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Si, Pb) that are associated with chalk. ICPMS method was adopted to conduct the trace element concentration in whole blood and due to lack of reference standards, the recovery percentages were analyzed. From the results, it is identified that except Si all the elements are noticed beyond the normal blood limits in teachers. For silicon, there is no normal blood limit. The relation between the trace elemental concentration and socio demographic variables like gender, age, Years of service was also studied. The age and gender did not show significant difference with the trace element concentration. The years of service revealed a positive association with trace element concentrations. The elements like Si (70847 μg/l), Iron (19499 μg/l), Al (1389.9 μg/l) were noticed with elevated concentrations in teachers. The same elements were reported with higher concentrations in past studies that are conducted on trace elements concentration of chalk. Hence, it is proved that the chalk is the prime reason for the elevated concentrations of trace elements in blood and it also concluded that usage of chalk causes health hazards in teachers.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90905169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}