Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Study on the Effect of Modified Walnut Shell Filter on Oil Removal from Oilfield","authors":"Yang Hang, Wang Xiujun, Jing Bo, Guo Shuya, Yin Xianqing","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000535","url":null,"abstract":"Walnut shell filter materials has strong adsorption and contaminants interception ability, anti-oil immersion, high hardness, good wear resistance and stable chemical properties, its surface was easily polluted by the absorbed crude oil in oily sewage to reduce its filtering and backwashing effect. The surface modification of the walnut shell was the introduction of hydrophilic groups to enhance its hydrophilic oleophobic property; Used different ratio of sulfite to boil the walnut shell at a certain temperature to make a modification on the hydrophilicity of walnut shell surface, the modified filter materials with varying degree of surface modification was obtained. Measured the contact angle between walnut shell and water, the wetting performance was significantly improved, the contact angle was decreased from 95° to 36.75°, the surface properties were changed from lipophilicity to hydrophily. the micropores of surface become smaller, and it was conducive to the accumulation of emulsified oil beads; After filtration treatment of oily wastewater containing polymer, filter oil removal rate was over 78%, the oil removal rate of the modified filter materials was increased by 25% than that of the unmodified filter materials, and oil content in the filtered sewage was below 45 mg/L, the backwashing oil removal effect of modified filter materials increased from 17% to 87%, intercepted oil in the before process of filtration was more easier removed in the after process of backwashing to make the filtering performance regeneration of walnut shell filter materials. In the case of filtration treatment on the same amount of oily sewage its lifetime could be extended more than twice.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"330 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83912002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic Degradation of Tributyltin Chloride and Dip-Henyltin Chloride by Marine Bacteria from Onne Port Nigeria","authors":"Ebah Ee, T. Ichor","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000582","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Marine bacteria have demonstrated its capability for degradation of organometals including tributyltin chloride and diphenyltin chloride previously. Tributyltin chloride has been used as antifouling paints for boats and it is toxic to aquatic life. Biodegradation of tributyltin chloride and diphenyltin chloride by marine bacteria was monitored for a period of 56 days. Sediment samples were divided into five treatments and impacted with 3.0 mM of tributyltin chloride and diphenyltin chloride respectively. Sediment samples were also amended with 20 kg of NPK (20:15:15) and the rate of degradation was determined using Xray fluorescence spectrophotometer. Isolates were screened by a medium containing 1.0 g of K2PO4, 1.0 g of KH2PO4, 1.0 g of (NH4)2SO4, 0.4 MgCl2, 0.125 g of yeast extract and 1.0 ml of glycerol per liter and 3.0 mM of tributyltin chloride(TBTCl) and diphenyltin chloride (DPTCl) respectively. Results: Molecular identification of the isolates using DNA sequencing performed by next generation sequence technique was implicated Pseudomonas fluorescens (JX), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (On7), Bacillus subtilis (Py79), Proteus mirabilis (TL3165), Serratia mercescens (PS-1-1), Providencia vermicola (CU12) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (C5) in the degradation of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) and diphenyltin chloride (DPTCl). Conclusion: The study has harnessed the capability of resident aerobic bacteria in marine environment to degrade tributyltin chloride and diphenyltin chloride. The treatments with NPK degraded more compared to the unamended treatments. There was no significant difference between the treatments and the days of degradation (p ≥ 0.05). Biostimulation or nutrient amendmen ttherefore should be recommended for the degradation of toxicants such as tributyltin chloride and diphenyltin chloride. *Corresponding author: Ebah EE, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB 2373, Benue State, Nigeria, Tel: +23444533204; E-mail: ebahesther23@gmail.com Received June 28, 2018; Accepted July 26, 2018; Published July 31, 2018 Citation: Ebah EE, Ichor T (2018) Aerobic Degradation of Tributyltin Chloride and Dip-Henyltin Chloride by Marine Bacteria from Onne Port Nigeria. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 582. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000582 Copyright: © 2018 Ebah EE, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Ebah EE, Ichor T (2018) Aerobic Degradation of Tributyltin Chloride and Dip-Henyltin Chloride by Marine Bacteria from Onne Port Nigeria. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 582. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000582","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84818874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Physicochemical Parameters of Effluents at Discharge Points into the New Calabar River along Rumuolumeni Axis, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"O. Edori, Nna Pj","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000585","url":null,"abstract":"Water samples collected from three effluents discharge points into the New Calabar River were analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were colour, odor, temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4) and chloride (Cl-). The result obtained showed that at Iwofe Jetty the water was colourless and odorless but had slight colour and odor at the police post station and Minipiti station. The range for the parameters obtained in the seasons were: temperature (26.4 ± 1.10-29.0 ± 2.38°C), pH (3.43 ± 0.24-5.06 ± 1.42), conductivity (11.60 ± 2.68-15.61 ± 3.01 μS/cm), TDS (6.53 ± 0.56-8.89 ± 0.98 mg/L), turbidity (9.42 ± 2.68-17.90 ± 3.09 mg/L), TSS (20.53 ± 3.27-33.51 ± 6.25 mg/L), DO (2.62 ± 0.02-5.02 ± 0.31 mg/L), BOD (4.28 ± 1.08-6.11 ± 1.33 mg/L), COD (13.54 ± 3.93-19.16 ± 2.10 mg/L), SO4 (65.92 ± 12.50-346.72 ± 23.22 mg/L), NO3 (0.32 ± 0.01-0.53 ± 0.04 mg/L), PO4 (0.34 ± 0.01-0.68 ± 0.03 mg/L) and Cl(4041 ± 80.50-9411 ± 100.68 mg/L). Generally, the result indicated that colour, odor, pH, turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, and Cldo not meet the WHO standard for portable water, therefore the water is polluted. The authorities responsible for effluents discharge regulation should therefore monitor the different input sources in order to prevent further increase in pollution of the river.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81155643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Regulatory Functions of MlrA Originated from Novosphingobium sp. THN1 in Microcystin-LR Degradation","authors":"Jieming Li, Ruiping Wang, Ji Li","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000556","url":null,"abstract":"Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), produced by harmful cyanobacteria, seriously endangers animals and humans. Biodegradation appears as the major pathway for natural MC-LR attenuation. To elucidate the regulatory function of mlrA gene of Novosphingobium sp. THN1 (i.e., THN1-mlrA gene) in MC-LR biodegradation, this study constructed a recombinant bacterium and succeeded in heterlogously expressing the mlrA of THN1 strain (i.e., THN1-MlrA enzyme). The recombinant mlrA exhibited the activity for smoothly degrading 20 μg mL-1 of MC-LR at an average rate of 0.16 μg mL-1 h-1 within 80 h. Mass spectrum analysis confirmed that recombinant mlrA hydrolyzed cyclic MC-LR by cleaving the peptide bond between Adda and arginine residue and generated linearized MC-LR as primary intermediate. Such linearization for MC-LR catalyzed by THN1-MlrA enzyme was particularly important during MC-LR biodegradation process, because it opened the highly-stable cyclic structure of MC-LR and caused substantial detoxification. These findings for the first time manifested that mlrA gene homolog of Novosphingobium genus conserved its original catalytic function as described elsewhere. This study expanded the knowledge on the function of mlrA homologs from various natural habitats, and facilitated the understanding on the fate and biological attenuation mechanisms of MC-LR in Lake Taihu, China, where THN1 strain is indigenous.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylloremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbonic Pollutants Using Phylloshere Bacteria","authors":"Undugoda Ljs, Nilmini Ahl, Nugara Nnrn","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000591","url":null,"abstract":"Polyaromatic air pollution is a serious environmental issue in the modern world due to the high carcinogenicity and geno-toxicity of these pollutants to the all-living beings. These pollutant concentrations in the air are being increased day by day due to huge vehicular emissions, oil refining processes and other industrial processes spread among urbanized areas. Gas or particle bounded PAHs in the air deposit on ground level through wet deposition or dry deposition. These pollutants deposition mainly on plants other than many exposing surfaces spread among the earth. Therefore, the plant leaves highly abundant in urban areas rich with these deposited pollutants. All plant leaves are great niches for microorganisms which is called phyllosphere. Phyllosphere of plants consists with many phyllosphere microorganisms belong to different group of bacteria, fungi, algea and protozoa. Among them bacteria are the predominant phyllosphere microorganisms. The phyllosphere bacteria highly abundant in polluted areas have special capability to degrade polyaromatic hydrocarbons. These PAH degrading phyllophere microorganisms can be used to clean the polluted air, this is called phylloremediation. Phylloremediation is an effective bioremediation method which can use to remediate the air, water and soil polluted from the PAH compounds. The aim of this review is to discuss polyaromatic hydrocarbonic air pollution and deposition of these chemicals on phyllosphere. High depositions of PAHs on plant leaves created harsh conditions to the inhabiting bacterial population in this phyllosphere and their ability to degrade PAH compounds are discussed. Then possibilities of usage of phylloremediation to clean the polluted air from the PAH compounds are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79994695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiocyclam-Induced Reproductive Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Genomic DNA Damage in Testicular Tissues of Rats: Protective Effects of Green Tea Extract","authors":"M. Afify, A. A. Allah, E. Ibrahim, E. Ibrahim, Naglaa F. Mahmoud","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000566","url":null,"abstract":"Thiocyclam is a broad-spectrum nereistoxin analogue insecticide which widely used for agricultural applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of green tea (as a principal source of antioxidants) on Thiocyclam-Induced Reproductive Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in adult Male Rats. Forty adult male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, Thiocyclam (ThC, 15.98 mg/kg b.w.), green tea extract (GTE, 2% w/v as the sole beverage) and (ThC+GTE) group. After 65 days of treatment, blood samples and testicular tissue were collected for measuring the oxidative stress parameters, testosterone level and DNA damage, whereas the reproductive organs were weighed, and Semen analysis and testicular histopathological studies was done. The results revealed that Thiocyclam administration induce a significant reduction in sperm count, sperm motility as well as testosterone level, while increased sperm abnormality. In addition to increased testicular tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced GSH content and testicular DNA damage evidenced by comet assay. The histological examination of testes revealed degenerative change and disorganization of seminiferous tubules with incomplete spermatogenesis. On the contrary, GTE played a potential protective effect against Thiocyclam induced oxidative stress as well as alleviate the reproductive toxicity by improving the oxidative status, decrease oxidative DNA damage, improving semen characteristics and protective effect against testicular damage, highlighting the protective and therapeutic potentiality of green tea against pesticide-induced reproductive toxicity and its health benefits.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86996420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-Chemical Analysis of Drinking Water Quality Parameters of Galore Area in Lower Himalayan Region, India","authors":"R. Sharma, Sharma Mr, Chauhan Sc","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000562","url":null,"abstract":"The work presented an analysis of drinking water samples collected from different ground handpumps at 102 sites in Galore area of Dist. Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India. The samples have been analysed for three physicochemical parameters like, pH, conductivity and iron content. The results showed that pH ranged from 5.9 to 8, conductivity from 120 to 790 μS/cm and iron content from zero to 3.54 mg/l. The measured parameters of only 33 sites water samples were within the WHO standard drinking quality values whereas in the remaining 69 sites water samples beyond the standard values. In general, the present investigation found that the quality parameters were at the level of pollution at almost more than 65% sites.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85759144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Carbon Emission Reduction Effects of Ecological River Slope Construction in China","authors":"Yuanhui Yu, W. Xiao, Yicheng Wang, Hejia Wang, Ya Huang","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000589","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly 60% of river slopes in developed countries are treated with ecological slope protection technologies. Ecological river revetment has become a main focus in slope protection development projects. At present, the academic research on carbon emission reduction focuses on petroleum exploitation, agricultural production, transportation and residential life, with minor consideration of carbon emissions from river slope protection projects. This study assesses the carbon emissions from structural slope and ecological slope riverbeds, the impact of carbon emissions from ecological slopes on climate in China and analyses the contribution of ecological slope protection to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Results show that ecological slopes can reduce carbon emissions significantly, by 93.12% compared to structural slopes, with construction costs also reduced by 37%. And river ecological slope protection technologies will provide an important contribution to the reduction of China's carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82530353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Pre-Harvest Interval for Quinalphos, Malathion, Diazinon and Cypermethrin in Major Vegetables","authors":"Prodhan Mdh, Akon Mw, Alam Sn","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000553","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to determine the pre harvest interval (PHI) for quinalphos in Eggplant, Cabbage and Yard long bean; malathion in Eggplant, Yard Long bean and Cauliflower; cypermethrin in Tomato and Yard long bean; and diazinon in Eggplant and Yard long bean depending on Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by FAO/ WHO. Five supervised field trials were conducted and sprayed with the field dose (2 ml/L of water) of each pesticide except cypermethrin (1 ml/L of water). Samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15 and 18 days after spray. The collected samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Flame Thermionized Detector (FTD) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD) for the determination of pesticide residues. The level of residues were above MRL up to 10 DAS for quinalphos in Cabbage, 7 DAS in Eggplant, 5 DAS in Yard long bean; for malathion 5 DAS in Yard long bean and Eggplant, 7 DAS in cauliflower; for diazinon 5 DAS in Yard long bean and Eggplant; and 3 DAS for cypermethrin in Yard long bean and Tomato. The determined PHI for quinalphos were 12 DAS in Cabbage and 10 DAS in Eggplant and 7 DAS in Yard long bean; For malathion 7 DAS in Yard long bean and Eggplant and 10 DAS in cauliflower; For diazinon 7 DAS in Yard long bean and Eggplant; For cypermethrin 5 DAS in Yard long bean and Tomato.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75287743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Quality and Productivity Assessment of Lake Tinishu Abaya for Multiple Designated Water Uses, Ethiopia","authors":"Yirga Enawgaw, B. Lemma","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75492593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}