Journal of environmental quality最新文献

{"title":"The key role of local and global farmer networks in the development of conservation agriculture in California","authors":"J. P. Mitchell,&nbsp;L. E. Jackson,&nbsp;D. C. Reicosky,&nbsp;A. Kassam,&nbsp;A. Shrestha,&nbsp;R. Harben,&nbsp;E. M. Miyao,&nbsp;K. M. Scow,&nbsp;G. Sposito,&nbsp;D. Beck,&nbsp;T. Friedrich,&nbsp;A. S. Mitchell,&nbsp;R. Schmidt,&nbsp;S. Park,&nbsp;B. Park,&nbsp;P. Foster,&nbsp;P. Muller,&nbsp;A. Brait,&nbsp;T. Willey,&nbsp;M. Bottens,&nbsp;C. Crum,&nbsp;D. Giacomazzi,&nbsp;T. Barcellos,&nbsp;M. V. Crowell,&nbsp;R. Roy,&nbsp;H. Ferris,&nbsp;J. L. Chiartas,&nbsp;E. Brennan,&nbsp;A. Gaudin,&nbsp;John Diener,&nbsp;Justin Diener,&nbsp;L. Asgill,&nbsp;E. A. Kueneman,&nbsp;J. Fisher,&nbsp;M. Bartz,&nbsp;R. A. Peiretti,&nbsp;R. Derpsch,&nbsp;J. Landers,&nbsp;B. J. Aegerter,&nbsp;M. Leinfelder-Miles,&nbsp;S. E. Light,&nbsp;J. McPhee,&nbsp;R. B. Ferraz Branco","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article chronicles the history of California's Conservation Agriculture Systems Innovation (CASI) Center and how it has increased agricultural sustainability in the San Joaquin Valley, a major production area for the United States, by using agroecological practices to reduce soil erosion and conserve soil moisture, champion systems thinking, and create networks of farmers, advisors, and researchers. Early conservation agriculture systems in the United States and other continents have informed CASI since its inception in 1998, with an emphasis on reducing soil disturbance for better soil structure and biological activity, retaining biomass on the soil to support soil life, and diversifying crops to enhance biodiversity. CASI includes &gt;2200 farmers, private sector, university, public agency, and environmental group partners. With timelines of its core research and extension education programs, practice adoption trends, and resource quality impacts, CASI's specific accomplishments are described and compared with the dominant tillage-intensive conventional systems of the past 90 years for crops such as corn, small grains, tomatoes, cotton, dry beans, and melons. An associated 25-year research station trial has shown that no-tillage and cover crop practices maintain productivity, increase soil quality (e.g., soil carbon and nitrogen, aggregation, and infiltration), greatly reduce dust that is detrimental to human health, and decrease annual production costs by $50–$75 per acre. CASI tracked a 40-fold increase in the use of strip-tillage in dairy silage production during the early 2000s and average annual increases in cover crop seed sales of about 25% in recent years. Outreach, extension, and farmer and industry education programs of CASI include documentary films on YouTube, blogs, workshops, and on-farm demonstrations. Interactions with other groups and networks are described along with their support for CASI's momentum-building strategies for impacts. Conservation agriculture is increasing in Central California and continued policy support will enable farmers and institutions to work together to accelerate even greater adoption in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1288-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Through the lens of phosphorus: The legacy of Andrew Sharpley","authors":"Peter J. A. Kleinman,&nbsp;Don Flaten,&nbsp;Deanna Osmond,&nbsp;Helen Jarvie,&nbsp;Richard McDowell,&nbsp;Zachary Simpson,&nbsp;Joshua Mott","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pursuit of sustainable phosphorus (P) management represents a long-standing challenge in agricultural arenas, with far-reaching implications for the environment and societal development. Few scholars are as synonymous with P science as Andrew Sharpley. Renowned over his 44-year professional career for providing foundational insights into the fate and management of agricultural P, Sharpley also became the central figure in organizing responses to concerns over the contribution of non-point source P pollution to eutrophication. As a global authority, Sharpley led teams that crafted scientific consensus for use by managers and policymakers in the face of complexity and uncertainty. His leadership offers lessons to those continuing in his footsteps and a model for all who desire to achieve scientific impact. This special collection of papers celebrates the perspectives, contributions, and legacy of Andrew Sharpley.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 4","pages":"763-769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fall-applied manure can conserve excess soil-profile inorganic-N for the subsequent cropping year","authors":"Rodrick D. Lentz,&nbsp;Jim A. Ippolito","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate dairy manure urea fertilizer interactions in cropped soils of the semiarid-West, we fall-applied and incorporated (0–0.3 m) soil urea-N (FertN) rates of 10 (N0), 45 (N1), and 80 mg N kg⁻¹ (N2), co-applied with either no manure or 86 Mg ha⁻¹ (dry wt.) stockpiled dairy manure. Soil net N mineralization, inorganic N (InorgN*), and water extractable organic carbon (WEOC*) to a 1.2-m depth, and silage corn yield and N uptake measurements were used to derive a simple mobile (soluble) N soil budget. The InorgN's descending-pulse, soil leaching profile contrasted with WEOC's adsorption and complexation profile, in which 95% of the manure-sourced WEOC accumulated in the 0- to 0.6-m soil layer by summer's end. At the outset, treatments influenced InorgN loading only at the 0- to 0.3-m depth, where doubling FertN from N1 to N2 increased InorgN in non-manured soils by an average 2.3-fold, while in manured soils InorgN was unchanged. Manure addition inhibited the availability of the added N2 FertN, possibly by increasing NH₄⁺ adsorption or its fixation by 2:1 type clay minerals. In response to increasing FertN, net mobile-N loss from soil profiles between late fall and summer's end: (1) increased from −26.2 to 116 kg ha⁻¹ in non-manured soils and (2) decreased from −54.7 to −338 kg ha⁻¹ in manured soils. The one-time fall manure application stimulated ongoing, variable, and nonsynchronous N-cycling, which, with recurrent cycling of NH₄-N between the soil solution and exchangeable pools, interrupted and delayed transport of excess soil InorgN through soil profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1003-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the fine-scale spatial distribution of soil phosphorus for efficient phosphorus management in an Illinois tile-drained field","authors":"Lenarth A. Ferrari,&nbsp;Lowell E. Gentry,&nbsp;Luis F. Andino,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Fraterrigo","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Closed depressions in post-glacial landscapes can accumulate phosphorus (P) due to repeated flooding and become hotspots for P loss when underlain by subsurface (tile) drainage. Soil P mapping is routinely based on the interpolation of samples from a 1-ha grid, which may miss closed depressions and underestimate soil P levels leading to overfertilization and nutrient loss. Our objective was to improve the characterization of the spatial distribution of soil P at the sub-field scale by accounting for depressions and assess their importance for fertilizer prescriptions and tile P loss. We evaluated the effectiveness of stratified sampling that included closed depressions within a 1-ha grid and nonstationary interpolation (external drift kriging) that leverages information about depression depth to estimate the distribution of soil P (0–16 cm) under a corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr) rotation in Douglas County, IL. Our novel approach produced an improved soil P map, which resulted in a 47% increase in land area that does not require P fertilizer (a reduction of 7.14% or ca. 4 metric tons of P). Additionally, soil P estimated from the improved map was a stronger predictor of the flow-weighted mean concentration of dissolved reactive P during the non-growing season than soil P estimated from ground-based sampling and other interpolation approaches. These results demonstrate that improved characterization of the spatial distribution of soil P through stratified sampling and interpolation with depression depth can better match soil P with crop P requirements, protecting water quality and conserving a finite resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1077-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental sustainability in US dairy farms: Policies, practices, and outcomes","authors":"Mara L. Cloutier,&nbsp;Daniel Liptzin,&nbsp;Adolfo Coyotl,&nbsp;Abigail E. Baxter,&nbsp;Cristine L. S. Morgan","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving sustainability on US dairy farms has become a critical focus across the industry. As dairy farms continue to consolidate, there is a growing need to identify scalable, implementable soil health management practices that enhance environmental sustainability in the fields managed by the dairy. This paper examines the constraints on dairy forage operations, summarizes key findings from research station experiments comparing soil health management practices in these systems, and synthesizes findings from on-farm research projects that track environmental outcomes after practice adoption. We discuss the knowledge gaps related to soil health management practices and forage production, highlighting the need for long-term, actionable research that is applicable to the diversity of dairy operations across the United States. To drive meaningful improvements in environmental sustainability, it is crucial to integrate region-specific soil health practices, supported by technical and financial support. We conclude that the current body of literature is not adequate to support the widespread adoption of locally appropriate practices, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive research and support systems to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of the US dairy industry. Finally, we propose future research directions to address the knowledge gaps and region-specific challenges through an integrated systems approach, focusing on the farm-scale impacts of soil health practices across diverse climates and production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1163-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing pXRF sample preparation for in situ soil screening: A regulatory framework perspective","authors":"Hayley Clos,&nbsp;Marisa Chrysochoou","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates the impact of sample preparation methods on the accuracy and precision of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) measurements for trace metals in urban soils in Hartford, CT, in the context of residential regulatory thresholds. Overall, the slopes of dry versus wet and pelletized versus dry sample comparisons ranged from 1.19 to 1.40 and 0.74 to 1.08, respectively, indicating that drying soil samples generally results in higher measured concentrations due to the removal of moisture dilution, while pelletization can slightly reduce measured concentrations through sample homogenization and increased material density. These slope values reveal the consistent influence of preparation on measured concentrations and the potential need for correction factors. Wet in situ analysis, while practical for field application, can underestimate metal concentrations in areas with moist soil conditions, as presented in the current case study, missing regulatory exceedances for lead (Pb) in up to 8% of cases at the 100 mg kg⁻¹ threshold and 7% at the 200 mg kg⁻¹ threshold compared to pelletized samples. Dry in situ measurements reduced missed exceedances to just 1.7% for both thresholds, striking a balance between practicality and accuracy. Pelletization minimized variability and increased precision but offered limited added value for screening purposes. These results underscore the need to adapt pXRF preparation methods to regulatory and contextual requirements, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and scalable tool for urban soil contamination assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1128-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial inoculation along with different amendments accelerates the remediation of bauxite residue for vegetation establishment","authors":"Mondem Sudhakara Reddy,&nbsp;Pankaj Krishna","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bauxite residue (red mud) is a by-product generated in huge quantities from the alumina industries with serious environmental issues due to its strong alkalinity, sodicity, and salinity. An attempt has been made to establish vegetation by using bacteria isolated from the bauxite residue along with various amendments. A field study was conducted by inoculating the bacterial consortia (<b>∼</b>350 log cfu/plot) consisting of 10 different bacteria to the bauxite residue mixed with 10% (w/w) of fly ash, sewage sludge, garden soil, and 2% of gypsum. After 6 months of the field experiment, the grass was harvested and determined the growth and mineral uptake. Inoculation of bacterial consortia significantly increased the vegetation in the bauxite residue amended with different ameliorants, and twofold increase in biomass was observed in sewage sludge– and fly ash–amended bauxite residue with bacterial inoculation. Addition of gypsum with bacterial inoculation significantly reduced pH of the bauxite residue from 11.0 to 7.9. Organic carbon, available P, and nitrogen levels were significantly increased in sewage sludge–amended bauxite residue inoculated with bacteria followed by fly ash amendment. Alkaline and acid phosphatases, urease, and invertase enzyme activities also increased due to inoculation of bacterial consortia with all amendments. Uptake of elements such as Mg, K, and Ca increased, while Al, Fe, and Na decreased in the Bermuda grass due to bacterial inoculation. This study demonstrated that inoculation of bacteria along with sewage sludge or fly ash as amendments is a sustainable technology for establishment of green vegetation on bauxite residue.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"947-961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of nitrous oxide soil fluxes using sorbent-stabilized sampling of flux chambers","authors":"Julio A. Zimbron,&nbsp;Stephen J. Del Grosso,&nbsp;Jorge A. Delgado","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new chamber-based method to measure nitrous oxide soil gas fluxes using an N₂O sorbent is presented. The Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network (GRACEnet) protocols require grab samples (typically 25 mL ea.) obtained at multiple intervals throughout chamber deployment (i.e., 0, 15, and 30 min) and linear and nonlinear options to process the raw concentrations, based on goodness-of-fit tests. The new method uses a single, sorbent-stabilized large volume (400 mL) gas sample collected at the end of each chamber deployment (30 min) and assumes a linear concentration increase. Both methods estimate the initial (time 0) gas flux using chamber concentration changes and deployment time. This report presents a side-by-side field test in experimental plots. Samples were independently analyzed by gas chromatography and thermal desorption/gas chromatography for the standard and new method, respectively. Gas concentrations measured by both methods at the end of the chamber deployment and calculated soil gas fluxes were in close agreement (<i>R</i>² = 0.92 and <i>R</i>² = 0.91, respectively). Additionally, four 100 mL samples taken from multiple chambers at the end of the deployment were pooled into a single cartridge to explore the sorbent's potential to further reduce the number of samples. Pooled sample results from four locations correlated well with average chamber deployments (<i>R</i>² = 0.92 and <i>R</i>² = 0.95 for concentrations and soil gas fluxes, respectively). These results suggest sorbent-based sampling can yield soil gas flux data of similar magnitude to interval grab sampling methods. Further testing is required to study the advantages and limitations of the new method.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1141-1151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and use of the dead-end ultrafiltration method for the capture and recovery of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from surface water","authors":"Ai Kataoka,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Wolny,&nbsp;Jose Roberto Guzman,&nbsp;Andrew Battin,&nbsp;Shizhen S. Wang,&nbsp;Rebecca Zaayenga,&nbsp;Phillip Kuri,&nbsp;Julie A. Kase","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Root cause analysis following microbial water contamination events typically relies upon the collection of large sample volumes. Dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) is an efficient method for sampling and transporting up to 100 L of water from field environments. A single-lab validation (SLV) using DEUF to recover Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) was recently completed using 100 L surface water samples ranging in turbidity from 3.7 to 12.8 NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit). The SLV trials using <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 and O121:H19 indicated that a positive recovery rate (25%–85%) from eluates was achievable after inoculating ultrafilters with low-level contamination concentrations of ≤6 CFU/filter (where CFU is colony forming unit). Higher inoculum levels, &gt;27 CFU/filter, resulted in positive detection of STEC in all eluates. To assess interchangeability of ultrafilter brands, three different products with similar fiber and pore size construction were evaluated. Equivalency was demonstrated amongst the brands tested, with no discernible difference noted in STEC detection and recovery. Since processing delays can occur, stability of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 in ultrafilters and ultrafilter backflush eluates (UBEs) was examined. Processing of ultrafilters held at 4°C for up to 6 days did not have substantial effects on detection and recovery of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7. Stored UBE yielded an overall reduction of 0.72 log₁₀ MPN mL⁻¹ (where MPN is most probable number) from Day 0 to Day 6 and an average estimated reduction of 0.07 log₁₀ MPN mL⁻¹ (95% CI: 0.019–0.125) per day. The effect of days of UBE storage was statistically significant, supporting a recommendation to store UBE for the least number of days possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1152-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic investigation of the speciation of phosphorus forms entering and leaving Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas","authors":"Caroline Buchanan Fisher,&nbsp;Lilit Vardanyan,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Judy","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Five large-scale treatment wetlands, the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs), have been constructed in south Florida to reduce phosphorus (P) transport into the Florida Everglades. While the STAs have successfully reduced P entering downstream waterbodies by at least 77%, concentrations in outflow waters still exceed target values in many cases. It has been well documented that P compounds have varying effects on biotic and abiotic processes due to differing stability, bioavailability, and transport characteristics, making it critical to understand the nature of different P pools for improving long-term treatment wetland performance. Here, we used ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR) spectroscopy and P X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) to characterize P in surface water particulates entering and leaving the STAs. The most abundant P component at the inflows, as determined via ³¹P NMR, was orthophosphate (∼36% of P). XANES analyses of inflow waters indicated a lack of iron (Fe)–P bonds and suggested the presence of organic P. Though not commonly documented in this magnitude, polyphosphates were detected in all samples, ranging up to 39% at the outflows. Very little orthophosphate was detected at the outflows, while XANES analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyapatite in STA-2, suggesting internal transformation processes within the wetland. These findings suggest that outflow particulate P may be largely biogenic and that inorganic P may be apatitic in nature, as seen in STA-2. While STA research is relevant for Everglades ecosystem health, the approaches addressed here are informative for treatment wetland research and stormwater P management globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 5","pages":"1114-1127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}