Journal of environmental quality最新文献

{"title":"Testing Wisconsin P index assessments across cropping systems.","authors":"Laura Good, Hava Blair, Jessica Sherman, Eric Young","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing agricultural runoff phosphorus (P) often requires understanding management effects on both dissolved P (DP) and particulate (sediment-bound) P (PP). The Wisconsin P index (WPI) allows producers to assess land management effects on runoff P by estimating annual P losses in mass per unit area. We used monitoring data to test the WPI's ability to identify P loss tradeoffs between tilled corn silage and perennial forage cropping systems and WPI's sensitivity to treatment differences within each cropping system. Overall, WPI P loss estimates were supported by monitoring results, with higher total P losses for the corn system dominated by PP (84%) and smaller losses from the perennial forage system dominated by DP (86%). Notably, the WPI also distinguished most treatment differences within systems. Greater than 50% of annual runoff occurred during winter for both systems and was generally underestimated by WPI. However, when measured suspended sediment, precipitation, and runoff were used in the WPI, stronger relationships between measured and estimated PP kg ha^-1 year^-1 (r²= 0.94-0.95) and DP kg ha^-1 year^-1 (r²= 0.63-0.91) were observed. The WPI also underestimated sediment P concentration and DP loss from hay while overestimating DP loss from corn, highlighting specific opportunities for improvement. The WPI is embedded in nutrient management planning software widely used in Wisconsin (available online at snapplus.wisc.edu); however, the model can be adapted to other cold climate regions to support both crop production and environmental sustainability goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term cover cropping and nitrogen fertilization impacts on net global warming potential of continuous no-till cotton cropping system.","authors":"Jashanjeet Kaur Dhaliwal, Facundo Lussich, Sindhu Jagadamma, Aaron Smith, Debasish Saha","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of cover crops, owing to their positive effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, is a potential management practice that can mitigate agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we leveraged a 42-year-old continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) experiment under no tillage, to evaluate the effect of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa; HV) and no cover crop (NC) under N rates of 0 (no fertilizer [NF]) and 67 kg N ha^-1 (fertilized [F]), on net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). The annual SOC sequestration rate was not significantly different in the F (115.1 kg ha^-1 year^-1) and HV (107.4 kg ha^-1 year^-1) treatments compared to the NF (103.2 kg ha^-1 year^-1) and NC (110.8 kg ha^-1 year^-1) treatments. Soil under HV and F treatments behaved as a net source of GHGs in 2022, with a GWP of 243 and 294 kg CO₂-eq ha^-1 year^-1, respectively. By contrast, in 2023, these treatments were net sinks of GHGs. Despite the increase in cotton lint yield under legume cover cropping and N fertilization, the GHGI followed the same trend as the net GWP, being net source of GHG in 2022 and a net sink in 2023. Nearly all estimated C gains were offset by N₂O emissions under these treatments in 2022-2023. Our results indicate that GHG mitigation through the adoption of legume cover cropping within cotton systems in humid subtropical climates is constrained by low soil C sequestration potential and elevated N₂O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of near-surface phenology in estimating productivity and evapotranspiration across diverse ecosystems.","authors":"Sander O Denham, Dawn M Browning, Adam P Schreiner-McGraw, Russell L Scott, Brent Dalzell, Gerald N Flerchinger, Patrick E Clark, Sarah Goslee, David L Hoover, Marcy Litvak, Marguerite Maritz, David Huggins, Claire L Phillips, John Prueger, Joe Alfieri, Rosvel Bracho, Maria Silveira, Craig W Whippo","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agroecosystems, which include row crops, pasture, and grass and shrub grazing lands, are sensitive to changes in management, weather, and genetics. To better understand how these systems are responding to changes, we need to improve monitoring and modeling carbon and water dynamics. Vegetation Indices (VIs) are commonly used to estimate gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET), but these empirical relationships are often location and crop specific. There is a need to evaluate if VIs can be effective and, more general, predictors of ecosystem processes through time and across different agroecosystems. Near-surface photographic (red-green-blue) images from PhenoCam can be used to calculate the VI green chromatic coordinate (G_CC) and offer a pathway to improve understanding of field-scale relationships between VIs and GPP and ET. We synthesized observations spanning 76 site-years across 15 agroecosystem sites with PhenoCam G_CC and GPP or ET estimates from eddy covariance (EC) to quantify interannual variability (IAV) in the relationship between GPP and ET and G_CC across. We uncovered a high degree of variability in the strength and slopes of the G_CC ∼ GPP and ET relationships (R² = 0.1 - 0.9) within and across production systems. Overall, G_CC is a better predictor of GPP than ET (R²= 0.64 and 0.54, respectively), performing best in croplands (R²= 0.91). Shrub-dominated systems exhibit the lowest predictive power of G_CC for GPP and ET but have less IAV in slope. We propose that PhenoCam estimates of G_CC could provide an alternative approach for predictions of ecosystem processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The key role of local and global farmer networks in the development of conservation agriculture in California.","authors":"J P Mitchell, L E Jackson, D C Reicosky, A Kassam, A Shrestha, R Harben, E M Miyao, K M Scow, G Sposito, D Beck, T Friedrich, A S Mitchell, R Schmidt, S Park, B Park, P Foster, P Muller, A Brait, T Willey, M Bottens, C Crum, D Giacomazzi, T Barcellos, M V Crowell, R Roy, H Ferris, J L Chiartas, E Brennan, A Gaudin, John Diener, Justin Diener, L Asgill, E A Kueneman, J Fisher, M Bartz, R A Peiretti, R Derpsch, J Landers, B J Aegerter, M Leinfelder-Miles, S E Light, J McPhee, R B Ferraz Branco","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article chronicles the history of California's Conservation Agriculture Systems Innovation (CASI) Center and how it has increased agricultural sustainability in the San Joaquin Valley, a major production area for the United States, by using agroecological practices to reduce soil erosion and conserve soil moisture, champion systems thinking, and create networks of farmers, advisors, and researchers. Early conservation agriculture systems in the United States and other continents have informed CASI since its inception in 1998, with an emphasis on reducing soil disturbance for better soil structure and biological activity, retaining biomass on the soil to support soil life, and diversifying crops to enhance biodiversity. CASI includes >2200 farmers, private sector, university, public agency, and environmental group partners. With timelines of its core research and extension education programs, practice adoption trends, and resource quality impacts, CASI's specific accomplishments are described and compared with the dominant tillage-intensive conventional systems of the past 90 years for crops such as corn, small grains, tomatoes, cotton, dry beans, and melons. An associated 25-year research station trial has shown that no-tillage and cover crop practices maintain productivity, increase soil quality (e.g., soil carbon and nitrogen, aggregation, and infiltration), greatly reduce dust that is detrimental to human health, and decrease annual production costs by $50-$75 per acre. CASI tracked a 40-fold increase in the use of strip-tillage in dairy silage production during the early 2000s and average annual increases in cover crop seed sales of about 25% in recent years. Outreach, extension, and farmer and industry education programs of CASI include documentary films on YouTube, blogs, workshops, and on-farm demonstrations. Interactions with other groups and networks are described along with their support for CASI's momentum-building strategies for impacts. Conservation agriculture is increasing in Central California and continued policy support will enable farmers and institutions to work together to accelerate even greater adoption in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Through the lens of phosphorus: The legacy of Andrew Sharpley.","authors":"Peter J A Kleinman, Don Flaten, Deanna Osmond, Helen Jarvie, Richard McDowell, Zachary Simpson, Joshua Mott","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pursuit of sustainable phosphorus (P) management represents a long-standing challenge in agricultural arenas, with far-reaching implications for the environment and societal development. Few scholars are as synonymous with P science as Andrew Sharpley. Renowned over his 44-year professional career for providing foundational insights into the fate and management of agricultural P, Sharpley also became the central figure in organizing responses to concerns over the contribution of non-point source P pollution to eutrophication. As a global authority, Sharpley led teams that crafted scientific consensus for use by managers and policymakers in the face of complexity and uncertainty. His leadership offers lessons to those continuing in his footsteps and a model for all who desire to achieve scientific impact. This special collection of papers celebrates the perspectives, contributions, and legacy of Andrew Sharpley.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fall-applied manure can conserve excess soil-profile inorganic-N for the subsequent cropping year.","authors":"Rodrick D Lentz, Jim A Ippolito","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate dairy manure urea fertilizer interactions in cropped soils of the semiarid-West, we fall-applied and incorporated (0-0.3 m) soil urea-N (FertN) rates of 10 (N0), 45 (N1), and 80 mg N kg^-1 (N2), co-applied with either no manure or 86 Mg ha^-1 (dry wt.) stockpiled dairy manure. Soil net N mineralization, inorganic N (InorgN*), and water extractable organic carbon (WEOC*) to a 1.2-m depth, and silage corn yield and N uptake measurements were used to derive a simple mobile (soluble) N soil budget. The InorgN's descending-pulse, soil leaching profile contrasted with WEOC's adsorption and complexation profile, in which 95% of the manure-sourced WEOC accumulated in the 0- to 0.6-m soil layer by summer's end. At the outset, treatments influenced InorgN loading only at the 0- to 0.3-m depth, where doubling FertN from N1 to N2 increased InorgN in non-manured soils by an average 2.3-fold, while in manured soils InorgN was unchanged. Manure addition inhibited the availability of the added N2 FertN, possibly by increasing NH₄ ⁺ adsorption or its fixation by 2:1 type clay minerals. In response to increasing FertN, net mobile-N loss from soil profiles between late fall and summer's end: (1) increased from -26.2 to 116 kg ha^-1 in non-manured soils and (2) decreased from -54.7 to -338 kg ha^-1 in manured soils. The one-time fall manure application stimulated ongoing, variable, and nonsynchronous N-cycling, which, with recurrent cycling of NH₄-N between the soil solution and exchangeable pools, interrupted and delayed transport of excess soil InorgN through soil profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the fine-scale spatial distribution of soil phosphorus for efficient phosphorus management in an Illinois tile-drained field.","authors":"Lenarth A Ferrari, Lowell E Gentry, Luis F Andino, Jennifer M Fraterrigo","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Closed depressions in post-glacial landscapes can accumulate phosphorus (P) due to repeated flooding and become hotspots for P loss when underlain by subsurface (tile) drainage. Soil P mapping is routinely based on the interpolation of samples from a 1-ha grid, which may miss closed depressions and underestimate soil P levels leading to overfertilization and nutrient loss. Our objective was to improve the characterization of the spatial distribution of soil P at the sub-field scale by accounting for depressions and assess their importance for fertilizer prescriptions and tile P loss. We evaluated the effectiveness of stratified sampling that included closed depressions within a 1-ha grid and nonstationary interpolation (external drift kriging) that leverages information about depression depth to estimate the distribution of soil P (0-16 cm) under a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) rotation in Douglas County, IL. Our novel approach produced an improved soil P map, which resulted in a 47% increase in land area that does not require P fertilizer (a reduction of 7.14% or ca. 4 metric tons of P). Additionally, soil P estimated from the improved map was a stronger predictor of the flow-weighted mean concentration of dissolved reactive P during the non-growing season than soil P estimated from ground-based sampling and other interpolation approaches. These results demonstrate that improved characterization of the spatial distribution of soil P through stratified sampling and interpolation with depression depth can better match soil P with crop P requirements, protecting water quality and conserving a finite resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental sustainability in US dairy farms: Policies, practices, and outcomes.","authors":"Mara L Cloutier, Daniel Liptzin, Adolfo Coyotl, Abigail E Baxter, Cristine L S Morgan","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving sustainability on US dairy farms has become a critical focus across the industry. As dairy farms continue to consolidate, there is a growing need to identify scalable, implementable soil health management practices that enhance environmental sustainability in the fields managed by the dairy. This paper examines the constraints on dairy forage operations, summarizes key findings from research station experiments comparing soil health management practices in these systems, and synthesizes findings from on-farm research projects that track environmental outcomes after practice adoption. We discuss the knowledge gaps related to soil health management practices and forage production, highlighting the need for long-term, actionable research that is applicable to the diversity of dairy operations across the United States. To drive meaningful improvements in environmental sustainability, it is crucial to integrate region-specific soil health practices, supported by technical and financial support. We conclude that the current body of literature is not adequate to support the widespread adoption of locally appropriate practices, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive research and support systems to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of the US dairy industry. Finally, we propose future research directions to address the knowledge gaps and region-specific challenges through an integrated systems approach, focusing on the farm-scale impacts of soil health practices across diverse climates and production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing pXRF sample preparation for in situ soil screening: A regulatory framework perspective.","authors":"Hayley Clos, Marisa Chrysochoou","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the impact of sample preparation methods on the accuracy and precision of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) measurements for trace metals in urban soils in Hartford, CT, in the context of residential regulatory thresholds. Overall, the slopes of dry versus wet and pelletized versus dry sample comparisons ranged from 1.19 to 1.40 and 0.74 to 1.08, respectively, indicating that drying soil samples generally results in higher measured concentrations due to the removal of moisture dilution, while pelletization can slightly reduce measured concentrations through sample homogenization and increased material density. These slope values reveal the consistent influence of preparation on measured concentrations and the potential need for correction factors. Wet in situ analysis, while practical for field application, can underestimate metal concentrations in areas with moist soil conditions, as presented in the current case study, missing regulatory exceedances for lead (Pb) in up to 8% of cases at the 100 mg kg^-1 threshold and 7% at the 200 mg kg^-1 threshold compared to pelletized samples. Dry in situ measurements reduced missed exceedances to just 1.7% for both thresholds, striking a balance between practicality and accuracy. Pelletization minimized variability and increased precision but offered limited added value for screening purposes. These results underscore the need to adapt pXRF preparation methods to regulatory and contextual requirements, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and scalable tool for urban soil contamination assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial inoculation along with different amendments accelerates the remediation of bauxite residue for vegetation establishment.","authors":"Mondem Sudhakara Reddy, Pankaj Krishna","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bauxite residue (red mud) is a by-product generated in huge quantities from the alumina industries with serious environmental issues due to its strong alkalinity, sodicity, and salinity. An attempt has been made to establish vegetation by using bacteria isolated from the bauxite residue along with various amendments. A field study was conducted by inoculating the bacterial consortia (∼350 log cfu/plot) consisting of 10 different bacteria to the bauxite residue mixed with 10% (w/w) of fly ash, sewage sludge, garden soil, and 2% of gypsum. After 6 months of the field experiment, the grass was harvested and determined the growth and mineral uptake. Inoculation of bacterial consortia significantly increased the vegetation in the bauxite residue amended with different ameliorants, and twofold increase in biomass was observed in sewage sludge- and fly ash-amended bauxite residue with bacterial inoculation. Addition of gypsum with bacterial inoculation significantly reduced pH of the bauxite residue from 11.0 to 7.9. Organic carbon, available P, and nitrogen levels were significantly increased in sewage sludge-amended bauxite residue inoculated with bacteria followed by fly ash amendment. Alkaline and acid phosphatases, urease, and invertase enzyme activities also increased due to inoculation of bacterial consortia with all amendments. Uptake of elements such as Mg, K, and Ca increased, while Al, Fe, and Na decreased in the Bermuda grass due to bacterial inoculation. This study demonstrated that inoculation of bacteria along with sewage sludge or fly ash as amendments is a sustainable technology for establishment of green vegetation on bauxite residue.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}