Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations at Different Floor Levels of USM Health Campus’s Library","authors":"Nurulilyana Sansuddin, Siti Mariam Nordin","doi":"10.11113/jest.v5n1.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v5n1.105","url":null,"abstract":"Library plays an important role in education and research materials especially used by university students. And it is known that university students prefer to spend most of their time in the library. There are multifactorial of high concentration of pollutants in a building, thus library is the best choice in this study to prove it. The purpose of this study is to assess the indoor air quality (IAQ) in library at USM Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations between different floor levels of library was determined. This study was also conducted to obtain the relation between PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations with the number of occupants, temperature, relative humidity and total number of books. Particulate matter concentrations were measured at library by using Handheld 3016 IAQ Particle Counter. The data was collected for eight hours for each floor with five minutes time interval. Based on Kruskal Wallis test, there were significant differences of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations between floor levels (p<0.05). Number of occupants was found significant to PM2.5 concentrations through Spearman Correlation test (p<0.05). Furthermore, two of environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity) were found poorly significant with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations which r-value were less than 0.3 (r-PM10=0.22, r-PM2.5=-0.15; r-PM10=-0.17, r-PM2.5=0.2). Number of books and different floor surface area of library were obtained as contributing factor which increased PM concentration. In conclusion, cleaning and housekeeping activities in library need to regularly practice to minimize IAQ problems in order to provide a healthier indoor environment.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85429287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Investigation of the Impact of Two Different Charcoal Stove Configurations on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Particulate Matter Emissions","authors":"O. Okedere, S.O. Oyelami, K. Oyewole, K. O. Rabiu, H. Lasisi, Naimat Atanda, S. Omojola","doi":"10.11113/jest.v5n1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v5n1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Due to dwindling income occasioned by inflation, vast numbers of Nigerians have reverted to charcoal stoves to meet or supplement their domestic energy need. Two brands of charcoal stoves (local and modernized) presently in use in Nigeria were investigated for their contributions to indoor level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The two stoves were loaded with equal quantity of wood charcoals and allowed to burn for 2-hours a day in separate rooms of equal sizes. Passive sampling involving the use of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks was adopted and the PUF disks were withdrawn after 3 and 7 days for laboratory analysis. Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analytical procedures were used for the determination of the PAHs concentrated on the PUF disks. The total PAH concentrations after 3 days were 1.74 μg/m3 and 0.61 μg/m3 for local and modern charcoal stoves respectively while their corresponding total concentrations after 7 days were 2.91 μg/m3 and 2.01 μg/m3. The modern charcoal stove showed better performances over the two durations. However, the total PAHs concentrations from both stoves exceeded the ambient air recommended limits. Giving the carcinogenic tendencies of some of the PAHs, the study concluded that none of the two stoves is safe for indoor application.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85848431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Stress and General Well-being among Police","authors":"M. Mamat, Nur Athirah Ab Manan, Mohd Nasrom Mohd Nawi, Nurul Ainun Hamzah, Mohd Nazhari Mohd Nawi","doi":"10.11113/jest.v5n1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v5n1.104","url":null,"abstract":"Stress at the workplace is a global issue faced by individuals and organisations. Police officers are considered to be one of the most stressful occupations globally. This study aimed to determine factors that cause occupational stress and general well-being, the relationship between operational stress and general well-being, organisational stress and general well-being, and compare the level of occupational stress between departments. This cross-sectional study utilised the stratified random sampling procedure and recruited 107 police from a Districts Police Headquarters in Kedah. The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used. The data has been entered and analysed using (SPSS) version 24. Perceived operational and organisational stress prevalence among the study population was moderate, with 50% operational stress (moderate stress in 39.3% and high stress in 10.3%), while organisational stress reported 60% (moderate stress in 36.4% and increased stress in 23.4%). The most common stressors reported for operational stress were negative comments from the public (19.6%), while organisational stress was staff shortage (30.8%). There is a significant negative correlation between operational and organisational stress and general well-being with r = -0.806 and r = -0.786. This study strengthens the findings that police job was stressful. The action needs to be taken by the organisational so that occupational stress can be reduced and increase the well-being of the police officers.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89739704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Environmental Heat Exposure, Heat-related Symptoms, and Acute Physiological Changes among Farmers in Pasir Puteh and Bachok, Kelantan","authors":"Nurul Ainun Hamzah, Muhammad Saffuan Azli, S. Anua, Nurul Izzah Abdul Samad, Mohd Nazhari Mohd Nawi, Mohd Nasrom Mohd Nawi, M. Mamat","doi":"10.11113/jest.v5n1.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v5n1.103","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged or intense exposure to heat can lead to a range of health effects. This study evaluated environmental heat exposure, heat-related symptoms, and acute physiological changes among 39 farmers in Kelantan, Malaysia. During the end of the monsoon season in February to Mac 2019, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was collected in the farm environment to assess heat exposure. Blood pressure, heart rate, and body core temperature were measured pre-, mid and post-shift to measure the physiological response of farmers towards environmental heat. Sociodemographic, occupational information and heat-related symptoms that subjects had experienced were gathered using a questionnaire. The WBGT outdoor showed a high risk for heat stress and strain (> 28.0 oC) based on the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs). More than half (50%) of farmers reported heat-related symptoms including fatigue, lethargy, dizziness, rashes, and cramps.  Significant physiological changes including heart rate, body temperature, and systolic blood pressure occurred across the work shift (p <0.05). However, no significant association (p>0.05) was found between the Acute Health Symptoms score (AHSS) with associated factors, thus no statistical model was further developed. In conclusion, farmers experienced significant psychological changes across the work shift. Preventive and control measures for heat stress are needed to reduce the risk of heat strain.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72751283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Exposure and Physiological Changes among Cooks","authors":"S. Anua, Mohd. Nizamuddin Ismail, Mohd Amierul Aieman Mohd Nordin, Faridah Naim, Nurul Ainun Hamzah, Nurul Izzah Abdul Samad","doi":"10.11113/jest.v4n2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v4n2.97","url":null,"abstract":"Cooks who are exposed to heat produced from stoves when working in the kitchen are at risk of thermal stress and heat-related illness. Physiological changes such as increased heart rate, sweat production and blood pressure may also affect them. This study aimed to determine the area heat exposure levels and physiological changes including core body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate during pre-, mid- and post-shift among cooks and its association, and to compare the mean difference of physiological changes between the shifts. This cross-sectional study utilised the purposive sampling method and recruited 30 cooks from food stalls and cafeterias in Kelantan. Area heat measurements were collected from 14 sites (7 inside and 7 outside the USM Health Campus). Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) monitor was mounted on a tripod at 1.1 m height near the source of heat for 8 hours. The core body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate were taken three times per day during pre-, mid- and post-shift for physiological changes measurement. Respondents’ personal information, health history, work description, and symptoms of heat-related illness were collected using a questionnaire. The overall WBGT area levels at each sampling site were homogeneously distributed. There was significant increase in core body temperature and heart rate from pre-shift to post-shift. However, there was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between heat exposure (WBGT index) established with the physiological changes. This may suggest that the increase in core body temperature and heart rate might be attributed to other factors and needed further investigation.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84256372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Daylighting with Task-Ambient Lighting for Enhanced Energy Savings in Office Spaces","authors":"Simeon Nyambaka Ingabo, P. Chaiwiwatworakul","doi":"10.11113/jest.v4n2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v4n2.93","url":null,"abstract":"Daylighting has been widely studied as a fundamental aspect of spatial illumination and energy efficient façade design. Effective installation and control of shading devices diminishes the adverse effects of prevailing climatic conditions on building envelope performance and reduces resultant lighting and cooling energy consumption. Task-ambient lighting as a free-standing approach has also been proven to reduce lighting energy consumption compared with typical general ambient lighting. This study estimates the energy saving potential of integrating daylighting through fixed external horizontal shading slats with task lighting. Spot measurements were taken in a test room to validate a daylight calculation program. Full year indoor work plane daylight simulations were performed for office spaces of different floor areas and varying window to wall ratios. Indoor daylight quality was assessed using the Useful Daylight Illuminance metric and three different task lighting schemes explored.  Lighting energy savings of 10% to 90% were estimated under the three schemes in comparison to similar office spaces with common unshaded heat reflective glazing.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78068397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Techno-Economic Analysis of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) and Solar Power Tower (SPT) as Solar Energy in Malaysia","authors":"Nur Akmal Jailani, A. Ahmad, N. Norazahar","doi":"10.11113/jest.v4n2.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v4n2.94","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia receives an annual average of 2200 hours of solar radiation, making her abundant renewable resources to generate electricity. Thus, a good planning is required to manage the resources efficiently and to utilize the abundant resources fully. Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology is a possible approach to manage renewable resources in Malaysia. Using a techno-economic analysis, the researchers, engineers, industries, or government agencies will be able to identify contributing and discouraging factors of building the CSP technology. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of two CSP technology: parabolic trough collector (PTC) and solar power tower (SPT), for potential implementation in Malaysia. This paper provides information on two CSP technologies to researchers and industries prior to the planning and design stages. The techno-economic analysis begins with identifying potential locations based on the direct normal irradiation (DNI). Kuah, Kuantan, Miri and Labuan are identified as the potential locations using the RETScreen Expert software. Labuan could be the most promising PTC and SPT technology project because it has the highest DNI received annually. Next, the techno-economic analysis uses two reference projects, ANDASOL-1 and PS-10 systems in Spain, as references for all locations. The techno-economic analysis consists of annual electricity generation, unit cost of electricity, net Present Value (NPV), benefit-to-cost ratio (B/C), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period calculated in Microsoft Excel. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to measure the impact of uncertainties of one or more input variables, leading to uncertainties on the output variables. Two sensitive factors are the annual electricity generation and the initial cost, affecting the construction, installation, and implementation of PTC or SPT technology.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80992576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on Various Purification Techniques Suitable for Biohydrogen-Mixed Gases","authors":"Nor Azira Abdul Muin, Abdullahi Nwaha Isah, U. A. Asli, A. N. Sadikin, N. Norazahar, M. Kamaruddin, M. H. Hassim, Ho Wai Shin, Nur Raudhah Azman","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V3N2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V3N2.52","url":null,"abstract":"The need of establishment of biohydrogen purification techniques is due the fact that biohydrogen production will be completely transformed into industrial scale soon or later. For biohydrogen process development to be commercially feasible, all the process involved, including purification should be low cost, practical and efficient; particularly when the biohydrogen production is technically challenging. In any case, carbon dioxide and other gaseous impurities are usually evolved during hydrogen production, and highly purified hydrogen is desirable in fuel cells application and other hydrogenation processes. Particularly, is critical to achieve high purity of hydrogen especially in a fuel cell application where it requires 99.9% only hydrogen. This paper reviews four main principle methods that are suitable for biohydrogen mixed gases, namely cryogenic separation, absorption, adsorption and membrane separation. The comparison based on their strengths and weaknesses, regarding the rate and yield of hydrogen, energy requirement and efficiency in terms of hydrogen selectivity, recovery and purity for fuel cell application. Cryogenic separation is among the earliest technique used for hydrogen purification. Though, due to the low temperature requirement, cryogenic separation is least preferred as gas separation is energy intensive and costly. Cyrogenic separation is commonly combine with membrane separation. It was also acknowledged that the membrane separation technique is widely used for biohydrogen purification. Most of research mostly in advancement of the membrane for high selectivity for hydrogen and low selectivity for carbon dioxide.Another method, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is one of commonly used in conventional hydrogen purification. The hydrogen purity produced by PSA was higher than absorption but the cost to operate it is the same at the expense of low hydrogen recovery. Also, chemical absorption of hydrogen separation from mixed gaseous mixture is discussed due to its simplicity of operation and possible to operate using existing common absorber.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79993952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission Characteristics of Agricultural and Industrial Cellulosic Wastes Blended with Gasoline","authors":"S. Oyelami, E. Olafimihan, O. Okedere","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V3N2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V3N2.74","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural and industrial wastes like sawdust and corncobs are definitely pollutants as they are disposed in dump sites and burnt in open air in most developing countries, like Nigeria. Proper utilization of these wastes could help reduce the environmental pollution arising from wastes disposal and combustion of fuels. Emissions generated from running an internal combustion (IC) engine with blends of gasoline and bio-ethanol produced from these wastes, as well as those of pure gasoline were compared in this work. A gas emission analyzer was placed at the exhaust of the IC engine and the readings were taken for each blend and for each round of testing period. The read out emissions were then compared with each other.  The range of emissions for carbon monoxide (CO) were 1.45-2.75; 2.10-2.90; 2.00-2.62 and 3.0 % vol., for corncobs bio-ethanol/gasoline, softwood sawdust bio-ethanol/gasoline, hardwood sawdust bio-ethanol/gasoline and pure gasoline samples respectively while the emission ranges for hydrocarbon (HC) were 260-435; 328-360; 313-350 and 480 ppm for the same samples respectively. In the case of carbon dioxide (CO2), the samples gave 2.6-4.0; 2.2-3.9; 3.2-4.2 and 3.0 % vol. emissions. Thus all stakeholders considering the adoption of fuel blends in the country’s quest for increased energy mix can be properly guided on the pollutants associated with the investigated waste materials. This may help in the choice of appropriate waste to energy.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76967665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Awareness of Emergency Evacuation Among Construction Workers","authors":"N. Norazahar, H. Murad","doi":"10.11113/jest.v2n2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v2n2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency evacuation at construction site is challenging to be conducted due to its dynamic conditions and changing layout. This paper presents a survey work on awareness of emergency evacuation among construction workers. One construction site, P32-2 in Forest City, Johor Bahru is selected for the survey work. 300 workers participated in the survey work. The survey consists of seven questions related to demographic, education levels, and emergency evacuation training. Based on the feedbacks, many workers are male and are in the age group between 20 to 30 years old. The construction site has more general workers than others position. The principal employers or contractors prefer to hire individuals who have no proper education as general workers. There are three challenges for instilling safety awareness of emergency evacuation effectively, which are i) a large number of workers, ii) low level of education, and iii) no training and experience in the emergency evacuation at construction site. This paper did not study worker’s competency to perform the emergency evacuation. More research work on emergency evacuation at construction site should be conducted to improve safety of construction workers.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86697269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}