T. Nishio, T. Yoshikura, H. Mishima, Z. Inouye, H. Itoh
{"title":"Conditions for nitrification and denitrification by an immobilized heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis OKK17","authors":"T. Nishio, T. Yoshikura, H. Mishima, Z. Inouye, H. Itoh","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(99)89003-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0922-338X(99)89003-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"74 1","pages":"351-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76021219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Masui, Nobuaki Fujiwara, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, M. Takagi, T. Imanaka
{"title":"Rational Design for Stabilization and Optimum pH Shift of Serine Protease AprN","authors":"A. Masui, Nobuaki Fujiwara, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, M. Takagi, T. Imanaka","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)80349-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0922-338X(97)80349-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"97 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86146182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetsuya Kimura, N. Kitamoto, Y. Kito, S. Karita, K. Sakka, K. Ohmiya
{"title":"Molecular cloning of xylanase gene xynG1 from Aspergillus oryzae KBN 616, a Shoyu Koji Mold, and analysis of its expression","authors":"Tetsuya Kimura, N. Kitamoto, Y. Kito, S. Karita, K. Sakka, K. Ohmiya","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)80346-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0922-338X(97)80346-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88866808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuhiro Kusumegi , Hidetsugu Yoshida , Sachiko Tomiyama
{"title":"Inhibitory effects of acetic acid on respiration and growth of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii","authors":"Kazuhiro Kusumegi , Hidetsugu Yoshida , Sachiko Tomiyama","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86770-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86770-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acetic acid inhibited the formation of cytochromes and the respiratory activity of the halo-tolerant yeast <em>Zygosaccharomyces rouxii</em> R-1. The growth of the yeast was significantly inhibited by 0.5% acetic acid in a medium containing 18% NaCl. This growth inhibition by acetic acid is thought to be related to the halotolelance of the yeast. Proton expulsive activity, which is necessary for the yeast cells to be able to tolerate and grow in a high-saline environment, was markedly lowered in the presence of 0.5% acetic acid, although the plasma membrane ATPase, which drives proton expulsion, seemed not to be inhibited by 0.5% acetic acid. It is assumed that halo-tolerant yeasts are less tolerant to high concentrations of NaCl in the presence of acetic acid because of the reduction of proton expulsive activity, thereby inhibiting growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"85 2","pages":"Pages 213-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86770-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84089703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purification and characterization of a novel β-glucosidase from Clavibacter michiganense that hydrolyzes glucosyl ester linkage in steviol glycosides","authors":"Hirofumi Nakano , Katsuyuki Okamoto , Tsuneya Yatake , Taro Kiso , Sumio Kitahata","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86761-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86761-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Clavibacter michiganense</em> was identified as a microorganism that hydrolyzed the glucosyl ester linkages at site 19 of steviol glycosides. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis was purified from the cell-free extract using streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, Q Sepharose anion exchange chromatography, Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration, and Ether Toyopearl hydrophobic chromatography. The purified enzyme migrated as a single protein band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and isoelectric focusing. The molecular mass was estimated to be approximately 65 kDa, both by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An isoelectric point, pI, of 4.6, was obtained using isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was most active at around pH 7.5 and at 45°C, and was stable between pH 6–10 and below 40°C. Both Hg<sup>2+</sup> and <em>p</em>-chloromercuric benzoate inhibited activity. The enzyme hydrolyzed glucosyl ester linkages at site 19 of rebaudioside A, stevioside, rubusoside, and steviol monoglucosyl ester, although it did not cleave 13-<em>O</em>-linked glucosyl residue of rubusoside and steviol monoside. A transglucosylation product having a cellobiosyl residue at site 19 was formed when rubusoside was used as a glucosyl donor and acceptor. The enzyme hydrolyzed glucosidic linkages in <em>p</em>-nitrophenyl β-glucoside faster than glucosyl ester linkages in the steviol glycosides. It also acted on phenyl β-glucoside and salicin, and faintly on sophorobiose and cellobiose. These results indicate that the enzyme is a novel β-glucosidase that hydrolyzes ester linkages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"85 2","pages":"Pages 162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86761-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75809998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of photosynthetic electrochemical cells using immobilized Anabaena variabilis M-3 in discharge/culture cycles","authors":"Tatsuo Yagishita, Shigeki Sawayama, Ken-Ichiro Tsukahara, Tomoko Ogi","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80106-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80106-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance of photosynthetic electrochemical cells using <em>Anabaena variabilis</em> M-3 immobilized within alginate beads was investigated during repeated discharge and culture cycles of 10-h each. The effect of the light intensity during the culture periods on the duration of the current output and the recovery of endogenous total sugar in the <em>Anabaena</em> cells was examined. Compared with continuous discharge operation, the duration of the current output was extenced by 10 times when the electrochemical cell was operated under 10-h discharge (dark)/culture (light) cycles with a light intensity of 100 W/m<sup>2</sup> during the culture periods. The conversion efficiency of light energy into electricity was about 0.2% under these conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"85 5","pages":"Pages 546-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80106-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85494184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SSU1-R, a sulfite resistance gene of wine yeast, is an allele of SSU1 with a different upstream sequence","authors":"Nami Goto-Yamamoto, Kazuyoshi Kitano , Kunio Shiki , Yuichi Yoshida , Takashi Suzuki , Tomoko Iwata , Yoshiharu Yamane , Shodo Hara","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80146-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80146-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sulfite resistance gene, <em>SSU1-R</em>, was cloned from a highly sulfite-resistant strain of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, Y-9, which was isolated as a contaminant from a wine must. The coding region sequence of <em>SSU1-R</em> was almost identical to that of <em>SSU1</em>, the gene that has been shown to be responsible for sulfite resistance. Although <em>SSU1</em> is located on chromosome XVI of <em>S. cerevisiae</em>, the upstream region of <em>SSU1-R</em> was homologous with a sequence of chromosome VIII. In our Northern analysis, an intense band was detected in Y-9 and K1-V1116 strains, both of which exhibit strong sulfite resistance, with and without sulfite in the medium. On the other hand, under the same experimental conditions, no band was detected in OC-2, a strain that exhibits weak sulfite resistance. Physical mapping of <em>SSU1/SSU1-R</em> showed that this sequence was on chromosome VIII of Y-9 and the two wine strains, K1-V1116 and WE14. OC-2 and twenty-three other wine, sake, beer, <em>shochu</em> (Japanese distilled liquor), alcohol, bakery, and laboratory strains, had this sequence on chromosome XVI, and four other wine strains had it on both chromosomes. Thus, the difference in the upstream sequence of <em>SSU1/SSU1-R</em> seems to cause differences in the transcription rates and degree of sulfite resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"86 5","pages":"Pages 427-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80146-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81495002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong Deog Kim , Satya Singh , Sachiko Machida , Young Yu , Chika Aoyagi , Yasushi Kawata , Kiyoshi Hayashi
{"title":"Importance of five amino acid residues at C-terminal region for the folding and stability of β-glucosidase of Cellvibrio gilvus","authors":"Jong Deog Kim , Satya Singh , Sachiko Machida , Young Yu , Chika Aoyagi , Yasushi Kawata , Kiyoshi Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80089-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80089-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To determine the role of the C-terminal region of <em>Cellvibrio gilvus</em> β-glucosidase, a deletion mutant was constructed lacking five amino acid residues (RGRAR), three of which were arginine, from the C-terminal end. The mutant, designated ΔRGRAR, could be folded into an active form when expressed with the molecular chaperons <span><math><mtext>GroEL</mtext><mtext>ES</mtext></math></span>. In comparison with the native enzyme, the optimum pH of the mutant ΔRGRAR shifted to the acidic region and the pH stability to the neutral region, while its heat stability decreased. No significant difference in the kinetic parameter <em>K</em><sub>m</sub> was observed. It was concluded that the RGRAR residues located at the C-terminal end are quite important for the stability of the enzyme and protein folding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"85 4","pages":"Pages 433-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80089-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88167702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response of an anaerobic granular sludge to chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in different conditions","authors":"Nuria Rodríguez, JoséL. Sanz","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80118-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80118-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In spite of its importance, little attention has been paid thus far to the toxicity of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons under methanogenic conditions. The effect of several parameters which can affect the toxicity of CHCl<sub>3</sub>, CCl<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub> and trans-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> on the acetoclastic methanogenic activity of anaerobic sludge was studied. The following conclusions were derived: (i) The extend of inhibition produced is a function of the toxicant concentration, the type and the amount of the biomass. A lag-period was detected for the inhibition produced by CHCl<sub>3</sub> and trans-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, while for the other compounds the inhibitory effect was instant. (ii) The recovery time for an anaerobic granular sludge exposed to different toxicants was a function of the extent of inhibition and the exposure time, and seemed to be independent of the toxicants used. (iii) The possible acclimatization of an anaerobic sludge to continuous exposure to a toxicant was dependent on the nature of the toxicant. The time required to acquire an activity similar to that of untreated controls was dependent on the concentration of the toxicant used. In our case adaptation was only obtained for CCl<sub>4</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"86 2","pages":"Pages 226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80118-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77963420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel arylesterase active toward 7-aminocephalosporanic acid from Agrobacterium radiobacter IFO 12607: Nucleotide sequence, gene expression in Escherichia coli, and site-directed mutagenesis","authors":"Yasuyoshi Sakai , Kaoru Ayukawa , Ryoji Mitsui , Hiroya Yurimoto , Keizo Yamamoto , Nobuo Kato","doi":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86757-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86757-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel arylesterase from <em>Agrobacterium radiobacter</em> IFO 12607 catalyzes the deacetylation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) to form deacetyl 7-ACA, but is inactive with cephalosporin C. A DNA fragment carrying the gene encoding the 7-ACA-deacetylating enzyme was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of this bacterium. The open reading frame encoding the enzyme was 642 bp long, corresponding to a protein of 214 amino acid residues (molecular mass=23,085). The deduced amino acid sequence did not contain the sequence GXSXG, typical of the many serine esterases including <em>Bacillus</em> cephalosporin C deacetylase, but has the pentapeptide motif sequence GDSLT (amino acid position 9–13) which is also a consensus sequence of some serine esterases. The newly cloned gene was expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> under the control of the <em>lac</em> promoter, and the gene product purified from <em>E. coli</em> exhibited the same catalytic properties as the enzyme purified from <em>A. radiobacter</em>. Site-directed mutagenesis of S11A or S11C within the pentapeptide motif sequence led to complete loss of the enzyme activity. Thus, the Ser-11 residue within the GDSLT motif sequence was determined to construct the catalytic center. These results together with those of our previous studies indicated that the 7-ACA-deacetylating enzyme from <em>A. radiobacter</em> IFO 12607 is a new member of the family of lipolytic serine esterases containing the GDSLT sequence as their catalytic center.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering","volume":"85 2","pages":"Pages 138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0922-338X(97)86757-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83540261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}