Journal of Experimental Zoology最新文献_第2页

Metafora, metonimija, frazem i eufemizam 隐喻、方法、短语和委婉语

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2019-12-09 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.14

Barbara Kružić, Goran Tanacković Faletar

{"title":"Metafora, metonimija, frazem i eufemizam","authors":"Barbara Kružić, Goran Tanacković Faletar","doi":"10.29162/jez.2019.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29162/jez.2019.14","url":null,"abstract":"Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti hrvatski frazeološki korpus vezan uz komunikaciju o smrti i umiranju, s posebnim obzirom na njegov eufemizacijski, odnosno disfemizacijski potencijal, a potom i ispitati jesu li s formiranjem tih dviju kategorija povezani isti ili različiti kognitivni mehanizmi. Radna je pretpostavka autorȃ ovoga rada da su eufemizmi u tom smislu češće temeljeni na metaforičkom načelu, s obzirom na to da konceptualna metafora kao dvodomenski model omogućuje konceptualni pomak iz traumatične ciljne domene tabua u kakvu ugodniju i komunikacijski prihvatljiviju iskustvenu domenu izvora, dok su disfemizmi u većoj mjeri vezani uz konceptualnu metonimiju koja, kao kognitivni mehanizam čija se izvorna i ciljna sastavnica, tj. pokretač i aktivna zona, zadržavaju u okviru iste konceptualne domene, ne pruža mogućnost konceptualnoga „bijega“ iz traumatičnoga područja, već izravno imenuje neki od njegovih aspekata. Kako bi se ispitala utemeljenost takve pretpostavke, autori rada proveli su anketno ispitivanje o hrvatskome frazeološkom inventaru vezanom uz semantičko polje smrti i umiranja, a njegovi rezultati potom su obrađeni te analizirani u metodološkim okvirima kognitivnoga pristupa metafori i metonimiji. Pokazalo se da nešto više od polovice frazema ispitanici koriste u svrhu eufemizacije, a najčešće se u tome posežu za konceptualnom metaforom smrt je san.","PeriodicalId":15686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"391-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29162/jez.2019.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49121552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ocular Skeleton Through The Eye of Evo-devo: SCLERAL OSSICLE EVOLUTION 透过演化演化者的眼睛看眼骨骼:巩膜小骨的演化

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/JEZB.21415

T. Franz-Odendaal

引用次数: 21

Effect of water-soluble matrix fraction extracted from the nacre of Pinctada maxima on the alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured fibroblasts. 太子参珍珠质水溶性基质组分对培养成纤维细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/1097-010X(20001215)288:4<327::AID-JEZ5>3.0.CO;2-#

M J Almeida, C Milet, J Peduzzi, L Pereira, J Haigle, M Barthelemy, E Lopez

引用次数: 73

Hatching of an estuarine crab, Sesarma haematocheir: from disappearance of the inner (E3) layer to rupture of the egg case. 河口蟹(Sesarma haematocheir)的孵化:从内层(E3)消失到卵壳破裂。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-12-01

M Saigusa, M Terajima

{"title":"Hatching of an estuarine crab, Sesarma haematocheir: from disappearance of the inner (E3) layer to rupture of the egg case.","authors":"M Saigusa, M Terajima","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Hatching of decapod crustaceans is characterized by the sudden rupture of the egg case. This study focused on the following two issues regarding the hatching mechanism of the estuarine terrestrial crab Sesarma haematocheir: (1) dissolution of the egg case, and (2) the site where the egg case breaks. The egg case comprises three layers: the outer two (E1 and E2) layers and the inner (E3) thin layer (0.2 microm in thickness). The outer layers showed no morphological changes upon hatching, but the inner layer (E3) was markedly digested. The digestion of this layer would enable the embryo to absorb ambient water via reverse peristalsis of the intestine, resulting in an increase of the volume. The egg case always ruptured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the embryo. In addition, breakage of the egg case occurred at the dorsal thorax of the embryo. The three major organs positioned at this area were (1) a sharp projection (dorsal spine), (2) an assemblage of muscles, and (3) a pair of secretory glands, each of which was about 30 microm in diameter. The dorsal projection is soft before hatching, and it is clear that the egg case does not break with the posterior expansion of this projection. The rupture instead appears to be caused by the expansion of the muscles arranged perpendicular to the body axis. In addition, some (unknown) factor might weaken the egg case just before hatching. The secretory glands may be a kind of rosette gland, but the role that this gland plays at hatching is not known. As a duct comes out from the center and enters the dorsal projection, some active substance may be released at the tip of this projection. However, immunochemical studies are not consistent with this substance being an ovigerous hair stripping substance (OHSS).","PeriodicalId":15686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Zoology","volume":"287 7","pages":"510-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21935388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of melatonin on dopamine metabolism in the hypothalamus and the pituitary of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. 褪黑素对虹鳟下丘脑和垂体多巴胺代谢的影响。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-11-01

R Hernández-Rauda, J M Miguez, C Ruibal, M Aldegunde

{"title":"Effects of melatonin on dopamine metabolism in the hypothalamus and the pituitary of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.","authors":"R Hernández-Rauda, J M Miguez, C Ruibal, M Aldegunde","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper discusses the effect of a single melatonin treatment (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on the dopaminergic metabolism in the hypothalamus and pituitary of the rainbow trout. The effects of exogenous melatonin on dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) contents were compared with the variations in the content of these catecholamines associated to the natural increase in the endogenous melatonin from daytime (3 hr before lights off) to nighttime (3 hr after lights off). Animals treated with melatonin showed a rapid (maximal values at 30 min post-injection) and relatively sustained rise in plasma melatonin levels, which reached supraphysiological ranges. The increase in circulating melatonin was accompanied by a reduction in the amount of DOPAC in both the hypothalamus (30, 60, and 120 min after i.p. melatonin) and the pituitary (120 min after i.p. melatonin) as well as in the pituitary DOPAC/DA ratio (60 and 120 min after i.p. melatonin). Similarly, the increase in circulating melatonin levels from the daytime to nighttime was associated with decreases in the contents of DOPAC in both the hypothalamus and pituitary and in the DOPAC/DA ratio in the pituitary. These data suggest that the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic metabolism may be a specific mechanism of melatonin action in the trout brain that might operate following changes in the secretion of the hormone from the pineal gland.","PeriodicalId":15686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Zoology","volume":"287 6","pages":"440-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21899703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allocation of cells to proliferation vs. differentiation and its consequences for growth and development. 细胞增殖与分化的分配及其对生长发育的影响。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-10-15

J D Arendt

引用次数: 0

Antibacterial and hemolytic activity of the skin of the terrestrial salamander, Plethodon cinereus. 陆生蝾螈皮肤的抗菌和溶血活性。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-10-01

L P Fredericks, J R Dankert

引用次数: 0

Characterization of muscles associated with the articular membrane in the dorsal surface of the crayfish abdomen. 与小龙虾腹部背表面关节膜相关的肌肉特征。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-10-01

J Sohn, D L Mykles, R L Cooper

{"title":"Characterization of muscles associated with the articular membrane in the dorsal surface of the crayfish abdomen.","authors":"J Sohn, D L Mykles, R L Cooper","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the dorsal membrane muscle (DMA) and the superficial extensor muscle accessory head (SEAcc) in the abdomen of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii and lobster, Homarus americanus, are reported. These muscles have not been previously characterized physiologically or biochemically. The anatomy was originally described by Pilgrim and Wiersma (1963. J Morph 113:453-587). The arrangement of these muscles varies depending on the abdominal segment. The function of the dorsal membrane muscle is to retract the thin articulating membrane joining the cuticular segments so that the dorsal membrane does not evert during extension of the abdomen. Consequently, the articular membrane does not protrude, and thus potential damage to the membrane is minimized. Examination of nerve terminal morphology revealed strings of varicosities, usually only associated with tonic terminals. The electrophysiological data indicate that there are at least four tonic excitatory and one inhibitory motor neuron innervating these muscles. Facilitation indices and fatigue-resistance indicate physiologically the tonic nature of innervation. Anti-GABA antibodies demonstrate the anatomical presence of an inhibitor motor neuron. The SDS electrophoretic analysis of myofibrillar proteins and Western blots of key protein isoforms for these muscles in crayfish and lobsters also indicate that the DMA and SEAcc muscles are tonic phenotype. J. Exp. Zool. 287:353-377, 2000.","PeriodicalId":15686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Zoology","volume":"287 5","pages":"353-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21816668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on plasma glucocorticoids, body mass, and recapture rates in yellow-pine chipmunks, Tamias amoenus. 实验中睾酮升高对黄松花栗鼠血浆糖皮质激素、体重和重获率的影响。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-10-01

N J Place

{"title":"Effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on plasma glucocorticoids, body mass, and recapture rates in yellow-pine chipmunks, Tamias amoenus.","authors":"N J Place","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In male yellow-pine chipmunks plasma levels of glucocorticoids (GCs) are low while plasma testosterone (T) levels peak during the mating season, suggesting that T suppresses GC levels. To test this hypothesis, free-living, post-reproductive males were implanted during summer with either a T-filled (T-males) or an empty silastic implant (controls or C-males). Body mass and plasma levels of corticosterone, cortisol, and T were measured immediately before and 1 month after implantation. Exogenous testosterone increased T to high physiological levels typical of reproductively active males. By 1 month after implantation, T-males decreased their mean body mass and plasma GC levels, while C-males maintained their mean body mass and GC levels. Even though T-males lost mass, recapture success 1 month after implantation for T-males (71%) was equal to that of C-males (71%). However, the overwinter recapture rate of C-males (83%) was significantly greater than that of T-males (20%). The results support the hypothesis that high plasma T of males during mating has a suppressive effect on plasma GC levels. Additionally, experimentally elevated T significantly reduced the rate of recapture during the following spring, and this may reflect a reduction in local overwinter survival. The suppression of adrenocortical activity by T may contribute to the reductions in prehibernation body mass and post-emergence recapture success. J. Exp. Zool. 287:378-383, 2000.","PeriodicalId":15686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Zoology","volume":"287 5","pages":"378-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21816669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responses to chemical cues from animal and plant foods by actively foraging insectivorous and omnivorous scincine lizards. 通过积极觅食食虫和杂食性科学蜥蜴对来自动植物食物的化学线索的反应。

Journal of Experimental Zoology Pub Date : 2000-10-01

W E Cooper, A M Al-Johany, L J Vitt, J J Habegger

{"title":"Responses to chemical cues from animal and plant foods by actively foraging insectivorous and omnivorous scincine lizards.","authors":"W E Cooper, A M Al-Johany, L J Vitt, J J Habegger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"If tongue-flicking is important to lizards to sample chemical cues permitting identification of foods, tongue-flicking and subsequent feeding responses should be adjusted to match diet. This hypothesis can be examined for plant foods because most lizards are insectivores, but herbivory/omnivory has evolved independently in many lizard taxa. Here we present experimental data on chemosensory responses to chemical cues from animal prey and palatable plants by three species of the scincine lizards. When tested with chemical stimuli presented on cotton swabs, the insectivorous Eumeces fasciatus responded strongly to prey chemicals but not to chemicals from plants palatable to omnivorous lizards or to pungent or odorless control stimuli. Two omnivorous species, E. schneideri and Scincus mitranus, responded more strongly to chemical cues from both prey and food plants than to the control chemicals. All available data for actively foraging lizards, including these skinks, show that they are capable of prey chemical discrimination, and insectivores do not exhibit elevated tongue-flicking or biting responses to chemical cues from palatable plants. In all of the several species of herbivores/omnivores tested, the lizards show elevated responses to both animal and plant chemicals. We suggest two independent origins of both omnivory and plant chemical discrimination that may account for the evolution of diet and food chemical discriminations in the eight species of skinks studied, five of which are omnivores. All data are consistent with the hypothesis that acquisition of omnivory is accompanied by acquisition of plant chemical discrimination, but data on a broad diversity of taxa are needed for a definitive comparative test of the evolutionary hypothesis. J. Exp. Zool. 287:327-339, 2000.","PeriodicalId":15686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Zoology","volume":"287 5","pages":"327-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21816135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0