Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"A pilot study of chlormequat in food and urine from adults in the United States from 2017 to 2023","authors":"Alexis M. Temkin, Sydney Evans, Demetri D. Spyropoulos, Olga V. Naidenko","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00643-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00643-4","url":null,"abstract":"Chlormequat chloride is a plant growth regulator whose use on grain crops is on the rise in North America. Toxicological studies suggest that exposure to chlormequat can reduce fertility and harm the developing fetus at doses lower than those used by regulatory agencies to set allowable daily intake levels. Here we report, the presence of chlormequat in urine samples collected from people in the U.S., with detection frequencies of 69%, 74%, and 90% for samples collected in 2017, 2018–2022, and 2023, respectively. Chlormequat was detected at low concentrations in samples from 2017 through 2022, with a significant increase in concentrations for samples from 2023. We also observed high detection frequencies of chlormequat in oat-based foods. These findings and chlormequat toxicity data raise concerns about current exposure levels, and warrant more expansive toxicity testing, food monitoring, and epidemiological studies to assess health effects of chlormequat exposures in humans.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 2","pages":"317-321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00643-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantified retrospective biomonitoring of fetal and infant elemental exposure using LA-ICP-MS analysis of deciduous dentin in three contrasting human cohorts","authors":"T. Punshon, Julia A. Bauer, Margaret R. Karagas, Modupe O. Coker, Marc G. Weisskopf, Joseph J. Mangano, Felicitas B. Bidlack, Matthew N. Barr, Brian P. Jackson","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00652-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00652-3","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial elemental analysis of deciduous tooth dentin combined with odontochronological estimates can provide an early life (in utero to ~2 years of age) history of inorganic element exposure and status. To demonstrate the importance of data normalization to a certified reference material to enable between-study comparisons, using populations with assumed contrasting elemental exposures. We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of dentin to derive a history of elemental composition from three distinct cohort studies: a present day rural cohort, (the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS; N = 154)), an historical cohort from an urban area (1958-1970), (the St. Louis Baby Tooth Study (SLBT; N = 78)), and a present-day Nigerian cohort established to study maternal HIV transmission (Dental caries and its association with Oral Microbiomes and HIV in young children-Nigeria (DOMHaIN; N = 31)). We report Li, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba and Pb concentrations (µg/g) and qualitatively examine As, Cd and Hg across all three cohorts. Rates of detection were highest, both overall and for each cohort individually, for Zn, Sr, Ba and Li. Zinc was detected in 100% of samples and was stably present in teeth at a concentration range of 64 – 86 µg/g. Mercury, As and Cd detection rates were the lowest, and had high variability within individual ablated spots. We found the highest concentrations of Pb in the pre- and postnatal dentin of the SLBT cohort, consistent with the prevalent use of Pb as an additive to gasoline prior to 1975. The characteristic decline in Mn after the second trimester was observed in all cohorts.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 6","pages":"1000-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representativeness of the US EPA PM monitoring site locations to the US population: implications for air pollution prediction modeling","authors":"Meredith Pedde, Sara D. Adar","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00644-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00644-3","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution prediction modeling establishes relationships between measurements and geographical and meteorological characteristics to infer concentrations at locations without measurements. Since air pollution monitors are limited in number, predictions may be generated for locations different than those used to train the model. The epidemiologic impacts of this potential mismatch hinge on whether the population resides in areas well-represented by monitoring sites. Here we quantify the fraction of the population with geographical characteristics not reflected by the 2000, 2010, and 2020 EPA PM2.5 and PM10 regulatory sites. We evaluated this measure nationwide, regionally, and by race. Nationally, the networks were very representative of the population experience; however, there was less overlap regionally and in regions stratified by race. This suggests that sub-national exposure modeling should carefully consider the representativeness of monitors for their populations. It also highlights that exposure models often borrow information from distal places to predict full population exposure.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 5","pages":"821-826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise and mental health: evidence, mechanisms, and consequences","authors":"Omar Hahad, Marin Kuntic, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Ivana Kuntic, Donya Gilan, Katja Petrowski, Andreas Daiber, Thomas Münzel","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00642-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00642-5","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition of noise exposure as a prominent environmental determinant of public health has grown substantially. While recent years have yielded a wealth of evidence linking environmental noise exposure primarily to cardiovascular ailments, our understanding of the detrimental effects of noise on the brain and mental health outcomes remains limited. Despite being a nascent research area, an increasing body of compelling research and conclusive findings confirms that exposure to noise, particularly from sources such as traffic, can potentially impact the central nervous system. These harms of noise increase the susceptibility to mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, suicide, and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. From a mechanistic perspective, several investigations propose direct adverse phenotypic changes in brain tissue by noise (e.g. neuroinflammation, cerebral oxidative stress), in addition to feedback signaling by remote organ damage, dysregulated immune cells, and impaired circadian rhythms, which may collectively contribute to noise-dependent impairment of mental health. This concise review linking noise exposure to mental health outcomes seeks to fill research gaps by assessing current findings from studies involving both humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00642-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compare the marginal effects for environmental exposure and biomonitoring data with repeated measurements and values below the limit of detection","authors":"I-Chen Chen, Stephen J. Bertke, Cheryl Fairfield Estill","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00640-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00640-7","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental exposure and biomonitoring data with repeated measurements from environmental and occupational studies are commonly right-skewed and in the presence of limits of detection (LOD). However, existing model has not been discussed for small-sample properties and highly skewed data with non-detects and repeated measurements. Marginal modeling provides an alternative to analyzing longitudinal and cluster data, in which the parameter interpretations are with respect to marginal or population-averaged means. We outlined the theories of three marginal models, i.e., generalized estimating equations (GEE), quadratic inference functions (QIF), and generalized method of moments (GMM). With these approaches, we proposed to incorporate the fill-in methods, including single and multiple value imputation techniques, such that any measurements less than the limit of detection are assigned values. We demonstrated that the GEE method works well in terms of estimating the regression parameters in small sample sizes, while the QIF and GMM outperform in large-sample settings, as parameter estimates are consistent and have relatively smaller mean squared error. No specific fill-in method can be deemed superior as each has its own merits.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 6","pages":"1018-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing individual-level exposures in cohort analyses of environmental risks: an example with the UK Biobank","authors":"Jacopo Vanoli, Malcolm N. Mistry, Arturo De La Cruz Libardi, Pierre Masselot, Rochelle Schneider, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Lina Madaniyazi, Antonio Gasparrini","doi":"10.1038/s41370-023-00635-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-023-00635-w","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in linkage procedures and exposure modelling offer great prospects for cohort analyses on the health risks of environmental factors. However, assigning individual-level exposures to large population-based cohorts poses methodological and practical problems. In this contribution, we illustrate a linkage framework to reconstruct environmental exposures for individual-level epidemiological analyses, discussing methodological and practical issues such as residential mobility and privacy concerns. The framework outlined here requires the availability of individual residential histories with related time periods, as well as high-resolution spatio-temporal maps of environmental exposures. The linkage process is carried out in three steps: (1) spatial alignment of the exposure maps and residential locations to extract address-specific exposure series; (2) reconstruction of individual-level exposure histories accounting for residential changes during the follow-up; (3) flexible definition of exposure summaries consistent with alternative research questions and epidemiological designs. The procedure is exemplified by the linkage and processing of daily averages of air pollution for the UK Biobank cohort using gridded spatio-temporal maps across Great Britain. This results in the extraction of exposure summaries suitable for epidemiological analyses of both short and long-term risk associations and, in general, for the investigation of temporal dependencies. The linkage framework presented here is generally applicable to multiple environmental stressors and can be extended beyond the reconstruction of residential exposures. This contribution describes a linkage framework to assign individual-level environmental exposures to population-based cohorts using high-resolution spatio-temporal exposure. The framework can be used to address current limitations of exposure assessment for the analysis of health risks associated with environmental stressors. The linkage of detailed exposure information at the individual level offers the opportunity to define flexible exposure summaries tailored to specific study designs and research questions. The application of the framework is exemplified by the linkage of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures to the UK Biobank cohort.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 6","pages":"1012-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-023-00635-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingested nitrate and nitrite and end-stage renal disease in licensed pesticide applicators and spouses in the Agricultural Health Study","authors":"Dazhe Chen, Christine G. Parks, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Rashmi Sinha, Jessica M. Madrigal, Mary H. Ward, Dale P. Sandler","doi":"10.1038/s41370-023-00625-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-023-00625-y","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate and nitrite ingestion has been linked to kidney cancer, possibly via the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. These exposures might also contribute to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated associations of drinking water nitrate and dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes (total and by food type) with incident ESRD in the Agricultural Health Study. We also explored modifying effects of vitamin C and heme iron intake, which may affect endogenous nitrosation. We performed complete case analyses among private pesticide applicators and their spouses. We obtained water nitrate estimates for participants whose primary drinking water source at enrollment (1993−1997) was public water supplies (PWS) or private wells (N = 59,632). Average nitrate concentrations were computed from historical data for PWS users and predicted from random forest models for private well users. Analysis of dietary nitrate and nitrite was restricted to the 30,177 participants who completed the NCI Dietary History Questionnaire during follow-up (1999−2003). Incident ESRD through 2018 was ascertained through linkage with the U.S. Renal Data System. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CI for associations of tertiles (T) of exposure with ESRD overall and explored effects in strata of vitamin C and heme iron intake. We identified 469 incident ESRD cases (206 for dietary analysis). Water nitrate and total dietary nitrate/nitrite were not associated with ESRD, but increased ESRD was associated with nitrate and nitrite from processed meats. We found apparent associations between nitrite and ESRD only among participants with vitamin C","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 2","pages":"322-332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-023-00625-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of microplastics and nanoplastics in indoor and outdoor air: identifying a framework and data needs for quantifying human inhalation exposures","authors":"Tiffany Eberhard, Gaston Casillas, Gregory M. Zarus, Dana Boyd Barr","doi":"10.1038/s41370-023-00634-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-023-00634-x","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are likely exposed to microplastics (MPs) in a variety of places including indoor and outdoor air. Research to better understand how exposure to MPs correlates to health is growing. To fully understand the possible impacts of MPs on human health, it is necessary to quantify MP exposure and identify what critical data gaps exist. The current paper provides a human exposure assessment of microplastics in the air using systematically reviewed literature that provided concentration of MPs in air as well as doses used in toxicology studies to calculate inhalation exposure dose. All published peer-reviewed journal articles, non-published papers, and grey literature that focused on micro- or nano-plastics in indoor and outdoor air were systematically searched using PRISMA guidelines. Literature that defined specific concentrations and size of MPs in air or exposed to human lung cells, animals, or humans with measurable health impacts were included in data extraction. Inhalational exposures were calculated for different age groups using published MP concentrations from the included literature using exposure dose equations and values from U.S. ATSDR and EPA. Calculated mean indoor inhalational exposures from passive sampling methods were higher than those calculated from active sampling methods. When comparing indoor and outdoor sampling, calculated inhalation exposures from indoor samples were greater than those from outdoor samples. Inhalation exposures of MPs differed between age groups with infants having the highest calculated dose values for all locations followed by preschool age children, middle-school aged children, pregnant women, adolescents, and non-pregnant adults. MP doses used in toxicology studies produced higher calculated mean inhalational exposures than those from environmental samples. This study is the first known systematic review of inhalational MP exposure from indoor and outdoor air. It also provides inhalational exposures calculated from previously published environmental samples of MPs as well as from toxicology studies.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 2","pages":"185-196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-023-00634-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella Typhi culture-based wastewater or non-sewered sanitation surveillance in a resource-limited region","authors":"Petros Chigwechokha, Ruth Lusungu Nyirenda, Davie Dalitsani, Ranken Lorvin Namaumbo, Yohanny Kazembe, Ted Smith, Rochelle H. Holm","doi":"10.1038/s41370-023-00632-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-023-00632-z","url":null,"abstract":"In resource-limited regions, relying on individual clinical results to monitor community diseases is sometimes not possible. Establishing wastewater and non-sewered sanitation surveillance systems can offer opportunities to improve community health. We provide our experience of establishing a wastewater and non-sewered sanitation surveillance laboratory in Malawi, a resource-limited region, for Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella serotype Typhi. Three locations (inclusive of 8 discrete sample collection sites in total) in the Blantyre District were studied for nine weeks, from September 6 to November 1, 2022. Grab samples were collected weekly. We piloted locally available culture-based medical diagnostic methods for V. cholerae and S. Typhi in wastewater, followed by confirmation analysis of the isolates using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Bacterial counts ranged from up to 106 colony-forming units/mL for V. cholerae and up to 107 colony-forming units/mL for S. Typhi. RT-PCR of the isolates showed that the available culture-based medical diagnostic methods were successful in detecting V. cholerae but were less accurate for S. Typhi in wastewater. This experience serves as a catalyst for the development and validation of alternative wastewater surveillance analytical methods that are not dependent solely on RT-PCR. In this field trial conducted in Africa, new data-driven approaches were developed to promote early-level wastewater research and expand analysis options in resource-limited settings. Although culture-based methods are labor-intensive and have some limitations, we suggest initially leveraging the overlap with the locally available medical testing capacity for V. cholerae, whereas S. Typhi with RT-PCR may still be required. Wastewater analysis may be acceptable for V. cholerae and S. Typhi, which have a high degree of clinical case underreporting, fecal shedding, short incubation periods, and clear outbreak trends, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 3","pages":"432-439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of early life residential mobility in urban and rural Pennsylvania children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and implications for environmental exposure assessment","authors":"Cassandra J. Clark, Joshua L. Warren, James E. Saiers, Xiaomei Ma, Michelle L. Bell, Nicole C. Deziel","doi":"10.1038/s41370-023-00636-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-023-00636-9","url":null,"abstract":"Residential mobility can introduce exposure misclassification in pediatric epidemiology studies using birth address only. We examined whether residential mobility varies by sociodemographic factors and urbanicity/rurality among children with cancer. Our study included 400 children born in Pennsylvania during 2002–2015 and diagnosed with leukemia at ages 2–7 years. Addresses were obtained from state registries at birth and diagnosis. We considered three aspects of mobility between birth and diagnosis: whether a child moved, whether a mover changed census tract, and distance moved. We evaluated predictors of these aspects in urban- and rural-born children using chi-square, t-tests, and regression analyses. Overall, 58% of children moved between birth and diagnosis; suburban/rural-born children were more likely to move than urban-born children (67% versus 57%). The mean distance moved was 16.7 km in suburban/rural-born and 14.8 km in urban-born movers. In urban-born children, moving between birth and diagnosis was associated with race, education, participation in the Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), and census tract-level income (all χ2 p < 0.01). Urban-born movers tended to be born in a census tract with a higher Social Vulnerability Index than non-movers (t-test p < 0.01). No factors were statistically significantly associated with any of the residential mobility metrics in suburban/rural-born children, although the sample size was small. In this study of a vulnerable population of children with cancer, we found that rural-born children were more likely to move than urban-born children, however, the frequency of movers changing census tracts was equivalent. Mobility in urban-born children, but not rural-born, was associated with several social factors, although the sample size for rural-born children was small. Mobility could be an important source of misclassification depending on the spatial heterogeneity and resolution of the exposure data and whether the social factors are related to exposures or health outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of considering differences in mobility between urban and rural populations in spatial research.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 6","pages":"990-999"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}