Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Joint effects of traffic-related air pollution and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on maternal postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms.","authors":"Yuhong Hu, Thomas Chavez, Sandrah P Eckel, Tingyu Yang, Xinci Chen, Mario Vigil, Nathan Pavlovic, Fred Lurmann, Deborah Lerner, Nathana Lurvey, Brendan Grubbs, Laila Al-Marayati, Claudia Toledo-Corral, Jill Johnston, Genevieve F Dunton, Shohreh F Farzan, Rima Habre, Carrie Breton, Theresa M Bastain","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00692-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00692-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient air pollution has been linked to postpartum depression. However, few studies have investigated the effects of traffic-related NO_x on postpartum depression and whether any pregnancy-related factors might increase susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the association between traffic-related NO_x and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms, and effect modification by pregnancy-related hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 453 predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in the MADRES cohort. Daily traffic-related NO_x concentrations by road class were estimated using the California LINE-source dispersion model (CALINE4) at participants' residential locations and averaged across pregnancy. Postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by a validated questionnaire (Postpartum Distress Measure, PDM) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to estimate the associations at each timepoint. Interaction terms were added to the linear models to assess effect modification by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). Repeated measurement analyses were conducted by using mixed effect models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found prenatal traffic-related NO_x was associated with increased PDM scores. Specifically, mothers exposed to an IQR (0.22 ppb) increase in NO_x from major roads had 3.78% (95% CI: 0.53-7.14%) and 5.27% (95% CI: 0.33-10.45%) significantly higher 3-month and 12-month PDM scores, respectively. Similarly, in repeated measurement analyses, higher NO_x from major roads was associated with 3.06% (95% CI: 0.43-5.76%) significantly higher PDM scores across the first year postpartum. Effect modification by HDPs was observed: higher freeway/highway and total NO_x among mothers with HDPs were associated with significantly higher PDM scores at 12 months postpartum compared to those without HDPs.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study shows that prenatal traffic-related air pollution was associated with postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms. The study also found novel evidence of greater susceptibility among women with HDPs, which advances the understanding of the relationships between air pollution, maternal cardiometabolic health during pregnancy and postpartum mental health. Our study has potential implications for clinical intervention to mitigate the effects of traffic-related pollution on postpartum mental health disorders. The findings can also offer valuable insights into urban planning strategies concerning the implementation of emission control measures and the creation of green spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting the economic burden of health impacts of aircraft noise: a case study of Baltimore Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport","authors":"Jeong-eun Park,&nbsp;Peter Alexander Muennig,&nbsp;Zafar Zafari","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00685-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00685-8","url":null,"abstract":"While the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) in the United States optimizes flight patterns, it has led to the unintended consequence of increasing aircraft noise exposure in some communities near airports. Despite the evidence that chronic exposure to high noise levels produces detrimental health effects, potential adverse health consequences due to increased noise in the affected communities have not been adequately considered in aviation policy discussions. We assessed the long-term health and associated economic burden of increased aircraft noise caused by NextGen near the Baltimore-Washington Thurgood Marshall International (BWI) airport in Maryland. A probabilistic Markov model projected the incremental health and associated economic burden over 30, 20, and 10 years, comparing post-NextGen noise exposure levels to pre-NextGen levels. Health outcomes included cardiovascular disease (CVD), anxiety disorders, noise annoyance, and low birth weight (LBW). Noise exposure was categorized into four levels (&lt;55 dB DNL, 55–60 dB DNL, 60–65 dB DNL, &gt;65 dB DNL). A Monte Carlo simulation with 2000 iterations was run to obtain incremental burden estimates and uncertainty intervals. One-way sensitivity analyses for noise effect parameters were conducted. Increased aircraft noise exposure was estimated to produce (discounted) incremental mortality costs of $362 million, morbidity costs of $336 million, and losses of 15,326 Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) over the next 30 years. Sensitivity analyses revealed the greatest uncertainty for CVD outcomes.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of personal care product use among reproductive-aged Black individuals and associations with socio-demographic characteristics","authors":"Kyla W. Taylor,&nbsp;Caroll A. Co,&nbsp;Symielle A. Gaston,&nbsp;Chandra L. Jackson,&nbsp;Quaker Harmon,&nbsp;Donna D. Baird","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00690-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00690-x","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to White women, Black women in the United States are more likely to use personal care products (PCPs) with higher concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and harsher chemical formulations. This may contribute to differential health outcomes in Black women such as increased risk of breast cancer, cardiometabolic outcomes, adverse birth outcomes, and uterine fibroids. Classify distinct PCP use patterns across multiple types of products and examine how patterns vary by socio-demographic characteristics. The Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids is a cohort study of reproductive-aged Black individuals living around Detroit, Michigan. Using self-reported data on frequency of PCP collected between 2013–2018, we employed latent class analysis to identify distinct groups of participants with similar PCP use. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared across latent classes. Among 1562 participants, we identified 6 latent classes: Lower Overall; Higher Nailcare; Higher Skincare; Moderate Overall; Higher Makeup/Haircare/Skincare; Higher Overall. Makeup and nailcare usage were the most predictive for classifying participants into groups. Participants in classes with less frequent use of all PCPs and those with only high use of nailcare products, were more likely to report lower socio-economic status (SES), be current smokers, have a body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2, and have ≥3 births. In comparison, participants in classes with average and more frequent use of PCPs were more likely to report higher SES, be non-smokers, be nulliparous, and have ever used oral contraceptives. This study is one of the first detailed assessments of PCP usage among a large cohort of young adult Black women that considers multiple product categories including makeup, hair, skin, nail, and vaginal products. Latent class analysis was used to capture complex patterns of PCP use and identify distinct groups of individuals with similar product use. Although the latent classes are specific to this study population, the identified socio-demographic characteristics or behaviors associated with latent classes may inform targeted and impactful exposure reduction strategies in similar populations.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"659-669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peaks, sources, and immediate health impacts of PM_2.5 and PM₁ exposure in Indonesia and Taiwan with microsensors.","authors":"Shih-Chun Candice Lung, Ming-Chien Mark Tsou, Chih-Hui Chloe Cheng, Wiwiek Setyawati","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00689-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00689-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microsensors have been used for the high-resolution particulate matter (PM) monitoring.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study applies PM and health microsensors with the objective of assessing the peak exposure, sources, and immediate health impacts of PM_2.5 and PM₁ in two Asian countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exposure assessment and health evaluation were carried out for 50 subjects in 2018 and 2019 in Bandung, Indonesia and for 55 subjects in 2019 and 2020 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Calibrated AS-LUNG sets and medical-certified RootiRx® sensors were used to assess PM and heart-rate variability (HRV), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the 5-min mean exposure of PM_2.5 and PM₁ was 30.4 ± 20.0 and 27.0 ± 15.7 µg/m³ in Indonesia and 14.9 ± 11.2 and 13.9 ± 9.8 µg/m³ in Taiwan, respectively. The maximum 5-min peak PM_2.5 and PM₁ exposures were 473.6 and 154.0 µg/m³ in Indonesia and 467.4 and 217.7 µg/m³ in Taiwan, respectively. Community factories and mosquito coil burning are the two most important exposure sources, resulting in, on average, 4.73 and 5.82 µg/m³ higher PM_2.5 exposure increments for Indonesian subjects and 10.1 and 9.82 µg/m³ higher PM_2.5 exposure for Taiwanese subjects compared to non-exposure periods, respectively. Moreover, agricultural waste burning and incense burning were another two important exposure sources, but only in Taiwan. Furthermore, 5-min PM_2.5 and PM₁ exposure had statistically significantly immediate impacts on the HRV indices and heart rates of all subjects in Taiwan and the scooter subjects in Indonesia with generalized additive mixed models. The HRV change for a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 and PM₁ ranged from -0.9% to -2.5% except for ratio of low-high frequency, with greater impacts associated with PM₁ than PM_2.5 in both countries.</p><p><strong>Impact statement: </strong>This work highlights the ability of microsensors to capture high peaks of PM_2.5 and PM₁, to identify exposure sources through the integration of activity records, and to assess immediate changes in heart rate variability for a panel of approximately 50 subjects in Indonesia and Taiwan. This study stands out as one of the few to demonstrate the immediate health impacts of peak PM, complementing to the short-term (days or weeks) or long-term effects (months or longer) assessed in most epidemiological studies. The technology/methodology employed offer great potential for researchers in the resource-limited countries with high PM_2.5 and PM₁ levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-environmental source approach to explore associations between metals exposure and olfactory identification among school-age children residing in northern Italy","authors":"Stefano Renzetti,&nbsp;Christoph van Thriel,&nbsp;Roberto G. Lucchini,&nbsp;Donald R. Smith,&nbsp;Marco Peli,&nbsp;Laura Borgese,&nbsp;Paola Cirelli,&nbsp;Fabjola Bilo,&nbsp;Alessandra Patrono,&nbsp;Giuseppa Cagna,&nbsp;Elza Rechtman,&nbsp;Stefania Idili,&nbsp;Elisa Ongaro,&nbsp;Stefano Calza,&nbsp;Matteo Rota,&nbsp;Robert O. Wright,&nbsp;Birgit Claus Henn,&nbsp;Megan K. Horton,&nbsp;Donatella Placidi","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00687-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00687-6","url":null,"abstract":"Metal exposures can adversely impact olfactory function. Few studies have examined this association in children. Further, metal exposure occurs as a mixture, yet previous studies of metal-associated olfactory dysfunction only examined individual metals. Preventing olfactory dysfunctions can improve quality of life and prevent neurodegenerative diseases with long-term health implications. We aimed to test the association between exposure to a mixture of 12 metals measured in environmental sources and olfactory function among children and adolescents residing in the industrialized province of Brescia, Italy. We enrolled 130 children between 6 and 13 years old (51.5% females) and used the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test to measure olfactory performance in identifying smells. We used a portable X-ray fluorescence instrument to determine concentrations of metals (arsenic (As), calcium, cadmium (Cd), chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead (Pb), antimony, titanium, vanadium and zinc) in outdoor and indoor deposited dust and soil samples collected from participants’ households. We used an extension of weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to test the association between exposure to metal mixtures in multiple environmental media and olfactory function adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, intelligence quotient and parents’ smoking status. A higher multi-source mixture was significantly associated with a reduced Sniffin’ Sticks identification score (β = −0.228; 95% CI −0.433, −0.020). Indoor dust concentrations of Pb, Cd and As provided the strongest contributions to this association (13.8%, 13.3% and 10.1%, respectively). The metal mixture in indoor dust contributed more (for 8 metals out of 12) to the association between metals and olfactory function compared to soil or outdoor dust. Among a mixture of 12 metals measured in three different environmental sources (soil, outdoor and indoor dust), we identified Pb, Cd and As measured in indoor dust as the main contributors to reduced olfactory function in children and adolescents residing in an industrialized area. Exposure to indoor pollution can be effectively reduced through individual and public health interventions allowing to prevent the deterioration of olfactory functions. Moreover, the identification of the factors that can deteriorate olfactory functions can be a helpful instrument to improve quality of life and prevent neurodegenerative diseases as long-term health implications.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"699-708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating metal cookware as a source of lead exposure.","authors":"Katie M Fellows, Shar Samy, Stephen G Whittaker","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00686-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00686-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously demonstrated that aluminum cookware brought from Afghanistan by resettled families as well as some aluminum cookware available for purchase in the United States represent a previously unrecognized source of lead exposure. However, the extent to which this cookware represents a source of lead exposure to other United States residents is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To test additional cookware for lead content and its propensity to leach lead and other toxic metals. This will further our understanding of the extent to which this cookware represents a lead poisoning risk in the United States and elsewhere.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened an additional 28 pieces of aluminum cookware and 5 brass items for lead content using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer and used our leachate method to estimate the amount of lead that migrates into food. We also tested 17 additional stainless steel items to determine whether they would be safer alternatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Many aluminum cookware products contained in excess of 100 parts per million (ppm) of lead. Many also leached enough lead under simulated cooking and storage conditions to exceed recommended dietary limits. One hindalium appam pan (an Indian frying pan/wok) leached sufficient lead to exceed the childhood limit by 1400-fold. Brass cookpots from India also yielded high lead levels, with one exceeding the childhood limit by over 1200-fold. In contrast, stainless steel cookware leached much lower levels of lead.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Aluminum and brass cookware available for purchase in the United States represents a previously unrecognized source of lead exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater-based epidemiology to assess environmentally influenced disease","authors":"Devin A. Bowes,&nbsp;Erin M. Driver,&nbsp;Phil M. Choi,&nbsp;Damiá Barcelo,&nbsp;Paloma I. Beamer","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00683-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00683-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"34 3","pages":"387-388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00683-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and demonstration of meso-activity exposure factors to advance estimates of incidental soil ingestion among agricultural workers.","authors":"Sara N Lupolt, Brent F Kim, Jacqueline Agnew, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, Thomas A Burke, Ryan David Kennedy, Keeve E Nachman","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00671-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00671-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil is an understudied and underregulated pathway of chemical exposure, particularly for agricultural workers who cultivate food in soils. Little is known about how agricultural workers spend their time and how they may contact soil while growing food. Exposure factors are behavioral and environmental variables used in exposure estimation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study aimed to derive exposure factors describing how growers engage in different tasks and use those factors to advance the use of time-activity data to estimate soil ingestion exposures among agricultural workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We administered a meso-activity-based, season-specific soil contact activity questionnaire to 38 fruit and vegetable growers. We asked growers to estimate the frequency and duration of six meso-activities and describe how they completed them. We used questionnaire data to derive exposure factors and estimate empirical and simulated exposures to a hypothetical contaminant in soil via incidental ingestion using daily, hourly, and hourly-task-specific ingestion rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We generated exposure factors characterizing the frequency and duration of six meso-activities by season, and self-reported soil contact, glove use, and handwashing practices by meso-activity and season. Seasonal average daily doses (ADDs) were similar across all three forms of ingestion rates. No consistent patterns regarding task-specific contributions to seasonal or annual ADDs were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, historical redlining, and contemporary transportation noise disparities in the United States","authors":"Timothy W. Collins,&nbsp;Sara. E. Grineski","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00682-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00682-x","url":null,"abstract":"Legacies of discriminatory federal housing practices—e.g., racialized property appraisal by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) and institutionalized redlining by the Federal Housing Administration—include disparate present-day environmental health outcomes. Noise pollution is health-harming, but just one study has associated contemporary noise with redlining in some HOLC-mapped United States (US) cities, while two national studies found associations between greater neighborhood-level people of color composition and increased noise. No studies have examined noise pollution exposure disparities across all HOLC-mapped cities or based on the intersection of race/ethnicity and redlining. We address three objectives: (1) Assess disparities in fine-scale, per person transportation noise exposures by historical redlining status across all HOLC-mapped cities. (2) Quantify disparities in noise exposures by race/ethnicity nationwide. (3) Explore interactions between redlining status and race/ethnicity in noise exposures. We analyzed three data sources: (1) complete digital HOLC maps of ordered investment risk grades (A–D), (2) fine-scale (30 m) estimates of transportation noise levels (year-2020), and (3) sociodemographic characteristics of individuals in year-2020 census blocks. We find an approximately monotonic association for excess transportation noise with HOLC grade, marked by a pronounced exposure increase (17.4 dBA or 3× loudness) between contemporary residents of grade A (highest-graded) and D (lowest-graded) neighborhoods, a pattern consistent across HOLC-mapped cities. People of color experience ~7 dBA greater (2× louder) excess transportation noise exposures than White people nationwide, a pattern consistent across US counties. Noise exposure disparities are larger by HOLC grade than by race/ethnicity. However, contemporary racial/ethnic noise exposure disparities persist within each HOLC grade at levels approximating those disparities existing in ungraded areas, indicating that historical redlining is one of multiple discriminatory practices shaping contemporary national soundscape injustices. Findings illustrate how historical redlining and broader racialized inequalities in US society have shaped environmental injustices nationwide. Excessive noise exposures harm human health. Communities of color in the United States experience disparate noise exposures, although previous studies are limited by reliance upon aggregated data. They are also disproportionately concentrated in historically redlined areas. Legacies of redlining include persistent racial and economic inequalities and environmental health disparities. Here, we conduct the first complete national examination of contemporary noise pollution disparities with respect to historical redlining and race/ethnicity. Findings advance understanding of the historical roots and enduring salience of race-based disparities in noise pollution exposures and can inform efforts to address these","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical considerations for using low-cost sensors to assess wildfire smoke exposure in school and childcare settings.","authors":"Orly Stampfer, Christopher Zuidema, Ryan W Allen, Julie Fox, Paul Sampson, Edmund Seto, Catherine J Karr","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00677-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00677-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>More frequent and intense wildfires will increase concentrations of smoke in schools and childcare settings. Low-cost sensors can assess fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations with high spatial and temporal resolution.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to optimize the use of sensors for decision-making in schools and childcare settings during wildfire smoke to reduce children's exposure to PM_2.5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured PM_2.5 concentrations indoors and outdoors at four schools in Washington State during wildfire smoke in 2020-2021 using low-cost sensors and gravimetric samplers. We randomly sampled 5-min segments of low-cost sensor data to create simulations of brief portable handheld measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During wildfire smoke episodes (lasting 4-19 days), median hourly PM_2.5 concentrations at different locations inside a single facility varied by up to 49.6 µg/m³ (maximum difference) during school hours. Median hourly indoor/outdoor ratios across schools ranged from 0.22 to 0.91. Within-school differences in concentrations indicated that it is important to collect measurements throughout a facility. Simulation results suggested that making handheld measurements more often and over multiple days better approximates indoor/outdoor ratios for wildfire smoke. During a period of unstable air quality, PM_2.5 over the next hour indoors was more highly correlated with the last 10-min of data (mean R² = 0.94) compared with the last 3-h (mean R² = 0.60), indicating that higher temporal resolution data is most informative for decisions about near-term activities indoors.</p><p><strong>Impact statement: </strong>As wildfires continue to increase in frequency and severity, staff at schools and childcare facilities are increasingly faced with decisions around youth activities, building use, and air filtration needs during wildfire smoke episodes. Staff are increasingly using low-cost sensors for localized outdoor and indoor PM_2.5 measurements, but guidance in using and interpreting low-cost sensor data is lacking. This paper provides relevant information applicable for guidance in using low-cost sensors for wildfire smoke response.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}