Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer in diabetic patients at the Tehran diabetes clinic: a case-control study.","authors":"Seyedeh Elaheh Bagheri, Kazem Khalagi, Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani, Mohammadreza Amini, Kamelia Rambod, Farideh Razi, Farideh Mostafavi, Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Afshin Ostovar","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01582-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01582-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the main health challenges of diabetes complications worldwide. A wide range of factors may increase the risk of DFU. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of DFU among diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted on 800 diabetic patients at the Tehran diabetes clinic of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute in Iran. The case group included 400 diabetic patients diagnosed with DFU, while the control group included 400 diabetic patients without DFU. Data were collected through medical records, validated questionnaires, and clinical examinations. The association between factors and the risk of DFU was analyzed using both crude and adjusted logistic regression models, adjusting for confounders based on a directed acyclic graphs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final adjusted model demonstrated significant direct associations between the risk of DFU with a longer duration of diabetes, a history of previous DFU, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, high blood pressure, severe kidney function loss, and good foot self-care. However, there were significant inverse associations between DFU risk with female gender, higher education levels, being married, use of oral diabetes drugs, higher hemoglobin levels, and high physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk of DFU was significantly associated with the following factors: diabetes duration, previous DFU history, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, blood pressure, kidney function, foot self-care, gender, education levels, marital status, diabetes drugs, hemoglobin levels, and physical activity. Further studies, especially ones in multicenter cohorts with a special focus on novel risk factors, are warranted to expand on our findings.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01582-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continued rise in the incidence of thyroid cancer in Iran: true increase or overdiagnosis?","authors":"Mahnaz Pejman Sani, Shahrzad Mohseni, Hilda Samimi, Shirzad Nasiri, Babak Fallahi, Mohammadreza Mohajeri-Tehrani, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Mahmood Naderi, Nooshin Shirzad, Bagher Larijani, Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi, Gholamreza Roshandel, Vahid Haghpanah","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01581-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01581-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Thyroid cancer (TC) is commonly recognized as the most prevalent type of malignancy affecting the endocrine system. This study aimed to assess the incidence of TC and its trends in the Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The incidence rate of TC in Iran was determined using data from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR). The INPCR registered all new cancer cases through various diagnostic methods, including pathology reports, clinical and paraclinical data, and death registry reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2014 to 2018, a total of 27,530 cases of TC were recorded. Among these cases, 21,932 (79.7%) were female, and 5,598 (20.3%) were male. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of TC was 6.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.09-6.25) per 100,000 person-years, showing an upward trend from 4.61 (95% CI: 4.45-4.77) per 100,000 population in 2014 to 8.17 (95% CI: 7.97-8.37) in 2018. The ASR of TC in women was nearly 3.7 times higher than that in men (9.79 vs. 2.59 per 100,000 person-years). The ASR of TC was highest in younger age groups among women (40-50 years) compared to men, who had higher rates in older age groups (65-75 years). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), including its follicular variant, was the predominant histological type of TC in the Iranian population, accounting for 82.19% (<i>n</i> = 22,627) of cases, followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (<i>n</i> = 859; 3.12%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that thyroid cancer rate has increased in Iran though comprehending the underlying reasons for this phenomenon requires further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity and toxicity evaluation of two bis-coumarin derivative as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors.","authors":"Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Tayebeh Bahrami, Fatemeh Bandarian, Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani, Davoud Roostaei, Ehsan Zamani, Forough Aghajani, Mohammad Mahdavi, Nematollah Ahangar","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01573-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01573-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The in vivo assay is a key step in the development of a new compound as a drug. In the present work, bis-4-aminocoumarin derivative 3,3'-(p-tolylmethylene)bis(4-amino-2H-chromen-2-one) (<b>PTBAC</b>) and bis-4-hydroxycoumarin derivative 3,3'-((4-((1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)methylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) (<b>2CTMBHC</b>) that showed high anti-α-glucosidase activity on the yeast form of this enzyme were selected for in vivo anti-hyperglycemic assay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of <b>PTBAC</b> and <b>2CTMBHC</b> was assessed using oral starch tolerance test in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino mouse model, and the results were compared with acarbose as a representative inhibitor of intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme. Toxicity of the selected compounds was also evaluated in vivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results revealed that both selected compounds, <b>PTBAC</b> and <b>2CTMBHC</b>, showed more anti-diabetic effects when compared with acarbose as a standard drug. In vivo anti-diabetic assays also demonstrated that bis-4-hydroxycoumarin derivative <b>2CTMBHC</b> was more potent than bis-4-aminocoumarin derivative <b>PTBAC</b>. In vivo results were also confirmed by in vitro and in silico studies. Moreover, there was not any apparent signs of toxicity and mortality in in vivo toxicity assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects of two synthetic compounds <b>PTBAC</b> and <b>2CTMBHC</b> was confirmed in this study. Given that these compounds exhibited no evidences of toxicity and mortality in mice, therefore, they are good candidates for further investigations.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of cardiometabolic disease attributable to sugar sweetened beverages consumption in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Sina Azadnajafabad, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Sara Momtazmanesh, Moloud Payab, MohammadReza Amini","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01578-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01578-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is recognized as a significant risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Accurate estimates of the burden of SSBs are crucial for preventing, controlling, and treating associated diseases to achieve the Third United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. In this study, we aim to systematically assess the regional patterns and trends in the burden of SSBs in the North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region. By analyzing regional differences, the study identifies specific areas where SSBs consumption has a more significant impact on public health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. This study analyzed the impact of SSBs on mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 21 countries in the NAME region from 1990 to 2021. Our analysis considered various factors, including sex, age, region, and socio-demographic index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, DALYs attributable to SSBs there were 315,312 (95% uncertainty interval, 140,854 to 503,347) in absolute terms reflecting 518.3% (424.9 to 642.2) increase over three decades. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized rate of DALYs attributable to SSBs increased by 118.5%, from 27.9 (11.4 to 43.9) to 61.0 (27.6 to 97.0) per 100,000 population. Qatar (246.7 [113.1 to 404.5]), Saudi Arabia (201.2 [87.1 to 314.2]), and Bahrain (180.1 [78.4 to 295.8]) had the highest age-standardized rate of DALYs. The highest attributable DALYs and mortality from SSBs consumption were due to diabetes mellitus in all countries in 1990 and 2021. In 2021, Qatar (224.7 [104.9 to 365.5]), Bahrain (167.0 [74.8 to 274.8]), and Saudi Arabia (153.1 [75.3 to 230.4]) had the three highest age-standardized rates of DALYs from diabetes mellitus attributed to SSBs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NAME witnessed a substantial increase in the burden attributable to SSBs. Alarmingly, exposure to SSBs has principally contributed to the increased burden of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Among the region's countries, exposure and attributable burden trends vary considerably. It is imperative that governments and health authorities within the NAME region work together to combat SSBs' detrimental effects. Local, socioeconomic, and educational factors need to be considered when developing prevention and treatment strategies at the individual, community, and national levels.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01578-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between liver fibrosis and osteoporosis in adults aged 50 and older: insights from the Bushehr Elderly Health Program.","authors":"Azin Soltani, Amirhossein Aghakhani, Hojat Dehghanbanadaki, Ziba Majidi, Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani, Gita Shafiee, Afshin Ostovar, Seyed Amirhossein Mir Moeini, Fatemeh Bandarian, Bagher Larijani, Iraj Nabipour, Noushin Fahimfar, Farideh Razi","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01574-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01574-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Both liver fibrosis and osteoporosis share inflammatory pathways, with liver fibrosis potentially contributing to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated liver fibrosis, especially in older populations, may increase the risk of osteoporosis, but evidence remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the relationship between liver fibrosis and osteoporosis in individuals over 50 years old.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from the Bushehr Elderly Health Program (BEHP), a cohort of 2,000 participants aged 50 and older, selected through multistage stratified random sampling. BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) measurements were assessed. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, a surrogate marker for liver fibrosis, was also calculated to examine its association with these bone health indicators. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the relationship between FIB-4 and lumbar, hip, femoral neck BMD, and TBS scores, while logistic regression was used to evaluate osteoporosis as the dependent variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,959 participants with adequate data were included in our analysis. 538 participants had osteoporosis, 936 participants had osteopenia, and 485 participants had normal bone density. FIB-4 index was higher in osteoporotic groups (1.45 ± 0.90) than in osteopenic (1.26 ± 0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and normal groups (1.17 ± 0.48, <i>p</i> < 0.001). After controlling for confounders, FIB-4 index was negatively associated with hip BMD (β_men=-0.0162; 95% CI: -0.0313, -0.0012 and β_women=-0.0221; 95% CI: -0.0340, -0.0102), femoral neck BMD (β_men=-0.0216; 95% CI: -0.0356, -0.0076 and β_women=-0.0233; 95% CI: -0.0342, 0.0124), and TBS (β_men=-0.0154; 95% CI: -0.0264, -0.0043 and β_women=-0.0244; 95% CI: -0.0338, -0.0149) in both genders and with lumbar BMD in women (β=-0.0176; 95% CI: -0.0307, -0.0045). An increase in the FIB-4 index was associated with more than a twofold rise in the risk of developing osteoporosis in women (OR = 2.123; 95% CI: 1.503, 3.000; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and a 36% higher risk in men (OR = 1.366; 95% CI: 1.012, 1.844; <i>p</i> = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Liver fibrosis is associated with decreased bone density and attenuated bone architecture. Elevated FIB-4 index has been identified as a risk factor for osteoporosis, indicating a potential link between liver fibrosis and deteriorating bone health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the causal relationship between GLP-1R agonists and diseases related to the thyroid and parathyroid: a mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Caihong Li, Keyu Shen, Lingfeng Pan","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01567-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01567-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are well-known for their benefits in managing obesity and diabetes. However, some studies indicate that they may elevate the risk of thyroid cancer. This study employed summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis, incorporating genetic data from GTEx V.8 and the UK Biobank, to assess how increased GLP-1R gene expression in thyroid and parathyroid tissues affects their functions. We found that increased expression of GLP-1R is a risk factor for hyperparathyroidism, but no causal relationship was found with thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we advise routine assessments of parathyroid function and hormone levels for patients on GLP-1R agonists.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01567-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between microsatellite polymorphism in the Heme Oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene promoter and type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis.","authors":"Juan José Rivera-Valdés, Sonia Sifuentes-Franco, Sandra Margarita Ramírez-Meza, Omar Íñiguez-Mosqueda, José Javier Morales-Núñez, Mayra Leticia Ramírez-Evangelista, Itzel Viridiana Reyes-Pérez, Omar Graciano-Machuca","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01575-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01575-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over a decade has passed since the first meta-analysis examining (GT)n repeats in the <i>HMOX1</i> promoter region and their association with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) was conducted. Since then, new studies on this topic have been published, prompting this updated meta-analysis to further clarify these associations. A systematic review conducted through December 2024 using the search term: (HMOX1 OR HMOX1 OR HMOX1D OR \"HO-1\" OR HSP32 OR bk286B10) AND (polymorphisms OR polymorphism OR \"genetic variant\" OR \"genetic variants\") AND (Diabetes) in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases identified nine studies comprising 2,027 cases and 2,840 controls. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using either a fixed-effect model (FEM) for homogeneous data or a random-effect model (REM) for other cases, as appropriate. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also assessed. The SS genotype was identified as being inversely associated with T2D in both SS:SL + LL and SS:LL genetic models (OR = 0.769, <i>p</i> = 0.003; OR = 0.726, <i>p</i> = 0.003; respectively). These findings suggest that SS genotype (< 25 GT repeats) may have a protective role against T2D; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which HMOX1 influences T2D pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01575-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of walnut consumption on glycemic control and anthropometric indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Amir Hadi, Mohammad Zeinali Khosroshahi, Ahmed Hussein Zwamel, Omid Asbaghi, Fatemeh Naeini, Mayam Miraghajani, Mehran Nouri, Ehsan Ghaedi","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01566-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01566-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous studies have led to conflicting results regarding the effect of walnut consumption on glycemic control, and anthropometric indices. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of walnut consumption on serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), weight and body mass index (BMI) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases were searched up to February 2023. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was analyzed using random effects models to assess the overall effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of thirty-two RCTs were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Walnut supplementation was found to significantly reduce HOMA-IR (WMD = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.01, <i>P</i> = 0.04), and body weight (WMD = -0.14 kg; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.04; <i>P</i> = 0.008). However, the meta-analysis showed that walnut supplementation did not have a significant effect on FBS (WMD = 0.62 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.66, 1.91; <i>P</i> = 0.34), insulin levels (WMD = 1.27 mIU/ml; 95% CI: -0.59, 3.14; <i>P</i> = 0.18), HbA1C (WMD = 0.00%; 95% CI: -0.09, 0.10; <i>P</i> = 0.95), and BMI (WMD = -0.10 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.20; <i>P</i> = 0.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this study found a significant reduction in HOMA-IR levels and body weight with walnut supplementation, while other glycemic markers, and obesity-related indices did not change significantly. Future well-designed trials are needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake of total, animal, and vegetable protein and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: using iso-energetic substitution models.","authors":"Nazli Namazi, Javad Anjom-Shoae, Mitra Darbandi, Shahab Rezaeian, Yahya Pasdar","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01571-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01571-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to examine the effects of dietary intake of total, animal-based, and vegetable-based protein on cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetic patients, using iso-energetic substitution models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was a part of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study with 8,894 subjects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between total, animal, and vegetable protein intake (per 5% energy) and cardiometabolic risk factors. All analyses were carried out at a 95% confidence level using STATA software version 14.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In diabetic patients, higher intake of total protein increased the risk of hypertension by 2.48 times compared to the reference group (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Besides, the association between the consumption of one unit of energy (5% energy) from protein at the expense of one unit of energy from fat and the risk of cardio-metabolic risk factors, showed an increase in dyslipidemia and CVDs by 65 and 48%, respectively. The substitution for carbohydrates also causes a reduction in obesity and abdominal obesity by 28 and 53%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In diabetic and non-diabetic patients, different associations were observed following the substitution of protein. In diabetic patients, the substitution protein for fat increased the risk of dyslipidemia and CVDs and carbohydrate replacement increased the risk of dyslipidemia. The highest vs. the lowest intake of animal protein decreased the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity, whereas regarding plant protein a direct link was found with dyslipidemia. However, prospective studies are needed to clarify the cause-and-effect links.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of glycemia risk index and continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics in type 1 diabetes: a real-world observational study.","authors":"Ayman Al Hayek, Malak Al Mashali, Mohamed A Al Dawish","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01569-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01569-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) quantifies the risk of glycemic events by considering both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes, offering a comprehensive evaluation of glycemia. While associations between GRI and various glycometric indicators have been established in clinical trials using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), real-world assessments, particularly with intermittent scanning CGM (isCGM), are underexplored. This study examines these associations and their clinical implications in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study involving individuals with T1D undergoing intensive insulin therapy. All participants had used isCGM for at least three months. We collected clinical, metabolic, and glycemic data and calculated the GRI, with its components for hypoglycemia (CHypo) and hyperglycemia (CHyper). We then assessed the correlation between the GRI and traditional glycemic metrics in relation to the coefficient of variation (CV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 194 patients (105 males, 89 females) with a median age of 21.5 years for adults and 16 years for adolescents. Of these, 62.4% were on multiple daily injections, and 37.6% used insulin pumps. GRI showed a significant negative correlation with Time in Range (%TIR_70 - 180) (<i>p</i> <i> < 0.001</i>) and a positive association with various glycemic measures such as glycemic variability (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Individuals with lower glycemic variability (CV_< 36%) had significantly higher %TIR_70 - 180 (63% vs. 39%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and lower GRI (40 vs. 45.8, <i>p</i> < 0.01), CHyper (20 vs. 24, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and CHypo (2.6 vs. 3.4, <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GRI correlates with key glycemic metrics, indicating its potential utility in comprehensive glycemia assessment. These findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment approaches and suggest GRI's clinical relevance in optimizing glycemic management strategies for individuals with T1D.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01569-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}