Journal of Earth System Science最新文献

{"title":"Mineralogical evolution and Cretaceous paleoclimate inferences in the central Koum Basin, North Cameroon","authors":"Glwadys Ngo Mandeng, Olugbenga A Boboye, Moïse Bessong, André Mbabi Bitchong, Thierry Adatte","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02361-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02361-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Koum Basin is a North Cameroonian intracontinental basin that is part of the upper Benue Trough, notably the Yola arm. The sediments of this basin were examined to determine paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic interpretations, which were based mostly on sedimentology and mineralogical evolution in its central part. The examined materials are dominated by claystone and siltstones of varied colours, which are, for the most part, carbonated, and a few layers of fine to medium sandstone and conglomerate. The bulk organic geochemistry enabled the designation of type III kerogen, indicating a terrestrial origin of organic matter, which shows predominantly immature issues. The bulk mineralogy development exhibits no significant changes and is dominated by phyllosilicate (25.66%), calcite (24.5%), plagioclase (19.36%), and quartz (19.31%). Smectite, illite, and vermiculite dominate clay mineral fraction, with only low quantities of kaolinite and chlorite. The diagenesis influence is low to moderate, as shown by moderate illitization and chloritization as well as <i>T</i>_max values. The deposition occurred in a globally semi-arid climate, as evidenced by the permanent occurrence of smectite, punctuated by short periods of drier and humid weather.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study of atmospheric dynamics associated with cloudburst events in 2022 over Indian Himalayan Region","authors":"Payoshni Samantray, Krushna Chandra Gouda","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02370-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02370-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This comprehensive study aims to investigate the cloudburst events that occurred in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) during the year 2022, focusing on their characteristics, structure and dynamics. Cloudburst events have been observed in different states of the Himalayan region, with their unique geographical features, and are susceptible to extreme weather phenomena, which pose significant challenges to the local communities and infrastructure. A majority of cloudburst events occur within the folds of valleys of the Indian Himalayas, where elevations range from 325 to 4073 m. As the year 2022 witnessed frequent cloudburst events in the IHR (Himachal Pradesh recorded around 24 cloudburst events, Uttarakhand recorded 18 and Jammu and Kashmir recorded 24 events), an attempt is being made for the comprehensive analysis of the role of atmospheric dynamics to result in such extreme events in the valley region. The analysis clearly advocates that certain atmospheric phenomena, such as frontal boundaries like temperature, humidity, convective available potential energy, convective inhibition, or atmospheric disturbances, can act as triggers for cloud burst events. The spatial distribution of different thermodynamic parameters during the previous day, event day and the day after the cloudburst events are also analysed to quantify the role of atmospheric dynamics in the temporal distribution. This study has highlighted the importance of low-level jets and moisture transport in forming the convective systems that lead to cloudbursts over the Himalayan region due to wind patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural evaluation and mineral prospects: Insights from gravity studies in segments of Mahakoshal and Vindhyan Regions, central India","authors":"Afaque Karim, Upananda Low, Anurag Tripathi, Kashinath Prasad","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02354-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02354-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this paper, gravity dataset acquired from a recent ground survey spanning 3500 km² in parts of Mahakoshal–Vindhyan Basin, central India, has been analysed with an aim to evaluate gravity anomalies and assess structural attributes that could identify potential areas for mineral exploration. The Bouguer gravity anomaly exhibits a total variation of 41 mGal with a prominent high in ENE–WSW axis demarcating the Mahakoshal Fold belt, whereas, a low gravity anomaly (–48 to –59 mgal) is predominantly observed over Vindhyan basin. Various geophysical processing techniques identify absence of deformations in the Vindhyan basin. The data analysis shows the presence of ultramafic intrusives, a few anomalous zones corresponding to shear and fault zones in Mahakoshal, trending in multiple directions (E–W, ENE–WSW, NE–SW, and N–S). These tectonic features significantly impacted the development of the Mahakoshals and Vindhyans. Derivative-based anomaly maps reveal three distinguished high-gradient fault zones in the north, east and south of the Mahakoshal belt. In the southeast of the Mahakoshal belt, a prominent low gravity anomaly of shear zone, probably caused by rifting, is delineated. The depths of anomaly sources are estimated using spectral analysis, Euler solutions, Werner solutions, and analytical maxima solutions. Furthermore, 2D forward modelling of gravity data along a specific profile aid in constructing a schematic evolutionary model for the Mahakoshal and Vindhyan regions in the study area. Notably, the present work reveals distinct curvilinear sheared basement zones in the southeastern Mahakoshal belt, suggesting potential zones for future mineral exploration through integrated studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Highlights</h3>\u0000<ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The paper presents the geophysical anomalies of a ground gravity dataset acquired at a station density of 2.5 km² over 3500 km² in segments of Vindhyans and Mahakoshals.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Gravity data evaluation discerns the presence of high-density ultramafic rock as well as a distinctive anomalous shear zone controlled by supracrustal faults within the Proterozoic Mahakoshal Fold belt.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Based on the geophysical characteristics and structural assessments, three potential target zones have been identified for future mineral exploration.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisensor satellite data for deciphering buried lineament anomalies in Aorounga impact structure, Chad, Africa","authors":"Mohammed Sultan Alshayef, A P Pradeepkumar","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02365-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02365-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deciphering geological phenomena, including planetary evolution, is accomplished by studying Earth’s impact craters. An attempt has been made to identify the buried lineament anomalies using multisensor satellite data in the Aorounga impact structure in Chad, Africa. In order to improve the visibility of buried lineaments, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence, backscatter coefficient, land surface temperature (LST), and digital elevation model (DEM) were processed. The analysis of InSAR coherence data reveals that coherence values are low to moderate in disparate regions encompassed by dune systems with rocks and higher in monotonous areas like dynamic dunes and fractured rock exposures. The results show that backscattering coefficient values of VV and VH polarization decreased in buried lineament regions covered by dunes, whereas high backscattering is experienced in regions encompassed by rocks. It was observed that nighttime has the highest LST in the linear features, whereas daytime LST is found to be low in buried lineaments regions. Thus, in this study, the backscatter coefficient of VH and VV polarization and DEM give promising interpretations to other methods for identifying buried lineament features. The study has demonstrated the potential of multisensor satellite data for identifying buried lineament anomalies that could be potential sources of groundwater, minerals, and hydrothermal activity. These anomalies may also be indicators of tectonic and structural activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response of tunnel intersections in jointed rock mass within underground research laboratory: A coupled DEM–DFN approach","authors":"V K Kota, A Juneja, R K Bajpai, P Srivastava, G Prabhakar","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02342-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02342-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The stability of tunnels in jointed rock masses can be compromised by seismic activity, making it important to understand the characteristics of waves and rock joints. This study investigates the dynamic response of two intersecting tunnels under varying input wavelength and amplitude and the influence of joint density and stiffness on their behaviour using the DEM–DFN approach. A discrete fracture network (DFN) interlay was incorporated into a distinct element method (DEM) model domain to simulate weak zones in rock masses. Analysis shows that higher fracture density reduces shear stress near the DFN interlay, while joint stiffness affects wave transmission, causing a significant drop in shear stress upon wave entry. The increase in joint density and change in interlay thickness intensified the amplification of reflected waves, resulting in wave interference and reduction in transmission waves. For tunnel intersections within the DFN interlay, the larger of the two tunnels, or the main tunnel, experienced substantial deformation when peak ground velocity (PGV) was between 0.05 and 0.25 m/s, while the smaller or access tunnel exhibited maximum displacement only when PGV exceeded this range. Amplification of waves was significant when the ratio of wavelength to tunnel diameter (<i>λ</i>/<i>D</i>) was 10, while <i>λ</i>/<i>D</i> &gt; 75 produced a response similar to uniform quasi-static loading. Tunnel joints with stiffness exceeding 100 GPa/m experienced substantially lower deformations, while those with higher fracture volumetric intensity (<i>P</i>₃₂ = 2 m²/m³) led to reduced wave propagation. The size of the intersection also influenced the deformation of both tunnels, with larger intersections resulting in greater deformation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Research highlights</h3>\u0000<ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The study examines wave propagation through discrete fracture network interlay of varying thickness</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Dynamic response of intersecting tunnels in jointed rock mass simulated using coupled distinct elements and discrete fracture networks.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Investigation of the impact of wavelength, amplitude, joint density, and stiffness on tunnel intersection behaviour.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of granulometric and granule trend of pre- and post-tsunami sediments with recent beach sediments from Nagoor to Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Yamini Sivanandam, S E Saranaathan, V J Loveson","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02363-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02363-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The December 26, 2004 tsunami waves caused significant destruction that changed geomorphic characteristics in India’s east coast. The article presents a comparative study of granulometric and granule trends of pre-tsunami (December, 2004) and post-tsunami (January, 2005) sediments with recent beach sediments (December, 2022) in eight locations, namely, Poompuhar, Chinnankudi, Kuttyandiyur, Chandrapadi, Kottucherimedu, Karaikal Beach, Vadakku Vanjiyur North, and Nagoor Beach. The study was conducted using R Programming and aimed to understand the sediment transport and depositional processes. The textural parameters of the sediments imply that they are becoming relatively finer, stating that the beaches are recovering and reclaiming their regular depositional environment after the disaster. The linear discriminate function plots of pre-tsunami sediments have the highest percentage of aeolian deposits, followed by post-tsunami. The recent sediments have the maximum deposition by the beach environment, and pre-tsunami sediments have the minimal. CM plots show that the transportation of sediments by rolling is more in recent days, whereas sediments were transported by bottom suspension and rolling and by graded suspension in pre- and post-tsunami environments. Further, this study compared sediment roundness between the pre- and post-tsunami periods and the recently deposited sediments. This paper highlights the sediment characteristics observed, especially in the aftermath of natural disasters such as tsunamis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Research highlights</h3><ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The study provides valuable insights into the origin of the debris, historical transportation, and depositional activities along the coast.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The study of pre-, post-tsunami and recent beach sediments along the coast from Nagoor to Poompuhar have been done, in which, the sediments have become relatively coarser from pre to post tsunami deposition condition and in recent deposition, the sediments are becoming relatively finer.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The pre-tsunami sediments have the highest percentage of aeolian deposits, followed by post-tsunami. In contrary, recent sediments have the maximum deposition by beach environment.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The transportation of sediments by rolling is more in recent days.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The beaches are recovering and reclaiming their regular depositional environment in recent times after the disaster which is evident by this study.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of ambient air pollutants and their impacts on Kanpur city, India, during 2016–2020","authors":"Varun Yadav, Rajiv Ganguly","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02350-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02350-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study evaluates the annual and seasonal trends of PM₁₀, NO₂, and SO₂ for eight monitoring stations namely Kidwai Nagar (S1), Jareeb Chowki (S2), Panki Site 1 (S3), Shastri Nagar (S4), Awas Vikas Kalyanpur (S5), Dada Nagar (S6), IIT Campus (S7) and Rama Devi (S8) in Kanpur city, India for the period 2016–2020. It was observed that the annual average concentrations of RSPM, NO₂, and SO₂ varied from 100.40 to 307.50, 9.69–60.74, and 2.00–12.04 µg/m³, respectively, for the study period, indicating that the pollutants exceeded the prescribed standards except SO₂ at all the study locations. Seasonal analysis shows that the minimum and maximum concentrations of RSPM existed for monsoon and winter, varying between 56.14 and 372.64 µg/m³, respectively. Seasonal analysis for gaseous pollutants (SO₂ and NO₂) showed minimal variations with concentration ranges between 2.00–10.97 and 12.56–57.66 µg/m³, respectively. This could be attributed to constant emission sources and year-round industrial operations prevalent within the city. Exceedance factors based on RSPM and NO₂ indicated that PM₁₀ was the most critical pollutant for Kanpur city. Results obtained from the HYSPLIT model depicted poor measures of air quality in the city, with winds blowing from a northerly direction, leading to increased concentration of pollution that exceeded the NAAQS standards. A critical discussion of the results obtained has been presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of assimilating satellite and in-situ buoy observed significant wave height on a regional wave forecasting system in the Indian Ocean","authors":"M Seemanth, P G Remya, Raj Kumar, Arun Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02359-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02359-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper discusses the upgraded data assimilation (DA) wave forecasting system at the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS). Significant wave height (SWH) observations from deep and shallow water buoys in the North Indian Ocean are incorporated into the assimilation system in conjunction with satellite observations from SARAL/AltiKa, Jason-3, Sentinel-3a, and Sentinel-3b. In deep water, satellite DA improved the SWH forecast by ~16%, and the inclusion of buoy observations enhanced it up to ~43% in the initial forecast hours. The impact of satellite DA persists throughout the forecast period of 5 days for swell height, with 11–27% improvement. Ingestion of buoy observations further improved it up to ~31.5% at the 3^rd hr forecast. For the wind–sea height, buoy DA resulted in an improvement of 9–26% during the initial 12 hr. In general, the positive impact of buoy DA only lasts till the 30^th hr forecast. In shallow water, the impact of satellite DA on SWH prediction is moderate, with positive improvements of 4–7.5%. Adding buoy observations significantly improved it to 10–40% in the initial 12 hr, especially for the low wave heights. Although the buoy DA improved the prediction of wave periods compared to the non-assimilated model, it tends to degrade the forecast compared to the model with satellite DA alone. This points to the limitation of the current assimilation approach in correcting the wave energy distribution in the background spectrum, particularly at higher frequencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of strong subsurface mode on the anomalous basin-wide surface warming of the Tropical Indian Ocean in 2019–2020","authors":"C Gnanaseelan, Rashmi Kakatkar, Sebastian Anila, Sandeep Mohapatra, Anant Parekh, J S Chowdary","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02360-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02360-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>2019 witnessed one of the strongest positive Indian Ocean Dipole. A very strong positive subsurface mode (pSSM) co-evolved in the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) during September–October–November 2019, which strengthened further during December–January–February (DJF) 2019–2020. This is the first occurrence of such a very strong pSSM in the recent decades, which strengthened during DJF without any favourable forcing from the Pacific. The TIO further displayed anomalous basin-wide surface warming from winter 2019 to summer 2020. It is found from both observations and model experiments that ocean dynamics associated with pSSM played a major role in the TIO basin-wide warming during 2020. The subsurface–surface interaction along the downwelling Rossby wave path from boreal winter to spring, the reflected Kelvin waves and surface currents have contributed to the basin-wide surface warming of the TIO from DJF (2019–2020) onwards. The mixed layer heat budget analysis reveals that the surface heat fluxes were not favourable for the basin-wide surface warming, thereby undermining the role of any Pacific forcing through atmospheric pathways. The ocean model sensitivity experiments further highlight the importance of Indian Ocean dynamics in the co-evolution of subsurface temperature and sea surface temperature over TIO, especially during the 2019–2020 event.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Research highlights</h3><ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>A strong subsurface dipole mode evolved in the Tropical Indian Ocean temperature during 2019–2020.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Indian Ocean basin-wide surface warming persisted up to summer 2020, highlighting the role of ocean dynamics.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Indian Ocean dynamics associated with the subsurface mode is responsible for the evolution of basin-wide surface warming.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Ocean model experiments support the role of ocean dynamics in the evolution of basin-wide surface warming.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141746116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-temporal land use classification and change detection using remotely sensed imagery: The case of Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalayas","authors":"Tariq Ahmad Bhat, Aadil Hussain Bhat, Syed Tanveer, Khursheed Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02362-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02362-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most prominent factors contributing to global landscape cover change is land use and land cover (LULC). Such changes are the outcome of several interrelated factors. This study assessed trends in land use and land cover within Hirpora from 1992 to 2006 and 2021 utilizing remote sensing data and satellite pictures from Landsat 5-TM in 1992, Landsat 7-enhanced TM in 2006, and Landsat 8-OLI in 2021. The images were analyzed using ArcGIS v10.1 and ERDAS Imagine v14. From 1992 to 2021, there was a substantial shift in land use trends in a few targeted classes, with snow cover losing the most (33.76%), followed by dense forests (6.80%), and economically grasslands (21.46%), barren/rocky (11.43%), and scrub (5.41%) gaining the most. During the observation period, moderately dense forests and build-up increased in area by 4.50 and 0.35%, respectively. Due to large-scale human intrusion and habitat fragmentation, the Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary has swiftly transitioned from a natural to a cultural landscape. As part of the LULC change process, natural, demographic, and economic factors have impacted land and had environmental implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}