Journal of Earth System Science最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic atmospheric mechanisms associated with the diurnal cycle of hydrometeors and precipitation in the Andes–Amazon transition zone of central Peru during the summer season","authors":"Elver Villalobos-Puma, Annareli Morales, Daniel Martinez-Castro, Jairo Valdivia, Rodolfo Cardenas-Vigo, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Alexzander Santiago","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02278-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02278-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The diurnal cycle of total hydrometeor availability and its associated patterns of atmospheric circulation is studied over a connected Andes–Amazon (A–A) system in the central region of Peru during the summer season. Surface precipitation depends on the amount of hydrometeors that occur in the atmosphere and its atmospheric dynamics. Hydrometeors and the precipitation efficiency index were estimated using radar of the core satellite of the GPM system (N-GPM) for the period 2014–2022. The atmospheric dynamics were analyzed using the regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. According to the results, the Andes mountain range produces precipitation at a surface level more efficiently during the afternoon and early evening hours (12–19 LT) due to the convergence of the thermal mesoscale circulations transporting moisture fluxes from the east and west. Both generate convective multicells along the Andes mountain range. The circulation from the west intensifies during the day, causing the displacement of the chain of convective multicells towards the east and producing hydrometeors and intense precipitations in the inter-Andean valleys. The A–A transition zone is more efficient in producing precipitation during the early hours of the day (00–07 LT) due to an increase in the northern circulation associated with the low-level jets and a change in the magnitude of the horizontal winds. Northerly winds enter the A–A transition zone with increased intensity and leave with reduced intensity. This mechanism is driven by the effect of the topographical barrier and the masses of cold air located in high areas on the eastern flank of the Andes. These factors generate significant updrafts and, therefore, the formation of storm clouds with high concentrations of hydrometeors and precipitation on the surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the urban growth and dynamics over 16 major cities of India","authors":"Asmita Mukherjee, Jagabandhu Panda","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02280-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02280-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban agglomerations across the world have witnessed haphazard and unprecedented growth in the recent past, giving rise to urban sprawling. This study analyses the spatio-temporal growth dynamics of 16 major Indian cities (population above one million) using remote sensing approaches. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) thematic datasets are considered for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2021. The variability of the five LULC classes, viz., urban built-up, vegetation, water body, agriculture, and barren land, implied that urban expansion mostly took place at the cost of barren lands. The urbanised landscape mainly portrayed dispersive outward growth since the beginning of the 21st century, with significant compaction (infill urban growth) near the urban core in recent years. The results derived through Shannon’s Entropy, spatial metrics, and urban density gradient analysis (in eight directions) indicated the same. Population density variation with respect to the horizontal urban growth and dynamics in each considered direction, further supported the concept of overcrowded city centres and sprawled outskirts. Besides population density, other factors that could be associated with urbanisation include the local environment, meteorology, and some geophysical characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical precursors of the 6.4 magnitude earthquake on December 29, 2020, near Petrinja town, Croatia","authors":"A E Volvach, L P Kogan, L N Volvach, K H Kanonidi, I T Bubukin, V B Shtenberg, A G Aronov, G A Aronov, L L Pustoshilo","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02273-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02273-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, it is shown that early warning signals were recorded prior to a 6.4 magnitude earthquake that took place on December 29, 2020, near the Croatian city of Petrinja. The study relied on analyzing property changes in small-scale probability density fluctuations in three parameters of the Earth’s magnetic field: X, Y and Z. The applied technique made it possible to identify a set of these precursors in intervals ranging from two and a half days to one day to less than one hour before this event. It has been observed that the three magnetic variation stations located at distances of approximately 300, 1000, and 1500 km from the epicenter exhibit significant differences in the occurrence of early warning signs and critical phenomena during an impending earthquake. These differences are related to the intensity and frequency of the effects observed at each station.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis and mineralization potential of Bhilangana granitoid, Bhilangana Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India","authors":"Dinesh S Chauhan, Bhrigu Shankar, Ritu Chauhan, Gajendra Kumar Kesari","doi":"10.1007/s12040-023-02250-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02250-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Bhilangana granitoid is a batholithic size body exposed in Bhilangana Valley and later thrusted over rocks of Lesser Himalaya. It comprises mylonitized porphyritic granite gneiss, psammitic gneiss, and its variants, containing primary biotite and muscovite, and S-type in nature. Bhilangana granitoid is intruded by basic intrusive. The variation in chemical signatures and associated petrogenetic issues of Bhilangana granitoid are dealt with detailed petrographic, geochemical and mineral chemical study. In the vicinity of basic intrusive, the porphyritic granite gneiss shows enrichment of MgO, whereas its evolved part, psammitic gneiss shows more boron enrichment with the presence of tourmaline nodules surrounded by quartzo-feldspathic rim. The major mineral assemblage in Bhilangana granitoid is quartz–K-feldspar–plagioclase–biotite–muscovite with tourmaline, epidote, zircon, ilmenite, apatite and monazite. The granite is peraluminous with ASI values always &gt;1. Biotite shows variation from Fe-rich siderophyllitic to Mg-rich eastonitic composition, indicating involvement of both Al-rich crustal and Mg-rich mafic sources, inferring source heterogeneity or mixing of felsic-mafic magma. Granitoid melt was buffered below QFM to NNO and partly above HM, indicating a strong reducing to the oxidizing condition of melt. The melt was saturated with the presence of 3.3–6.8 wt.% H₂O content. The crystallization temperature of Bhilangana granitoid (<i>T</i>_Zr) ranges between 697° and 807°C with a solidification pressure of about 2.92–4.31 kbar, implying crystallization at a depth of 8.76–13 km. The presence of greisens assemblage of quartz–mica–tourmaline–epidote, along with the presence of fluorite, is a representative greisens assemblage for Sn–W mineralization. Thus, the Bhilangana granitoid represents the fertile nature and potentiality of Sn–W minerals.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Research highlights</h3>\u0000<ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Bhilangana granitoid is S-type, peraluminous granitoid, formed by anatexis of crustal material</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The biotite chemistry reveals the variation in the redox condition and modification in the oxidation state, preserved in the different variant of granite representing the magma mixing or source heterogeneity in protolith.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The Bhilangana granitoid has attended the crystallization temperature (<i>T</i>_Zr) of 697–807 °C under pressure of about 2.92–4.31 kb implying the depth of crystallization of 8.76–13 km.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The presence of greisenization favours the potential of Sn–W minerals. The geochemical results shows abnormal enrichment of W and Sn in the Bhilangana granitoid.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The Bhilangana granitoid appears to have fertile nature for Sn–W mineral potential.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible linkage between climatic conditions and invasions on the Indian subcontinent during the period 6th century BCE to 16th century CE","authors":"Smruti Sardar, Protyusha P Mukhopadhyay, Naveen Gandhi, Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02279-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02279-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monsoon is crucial for human sustenance and economic stability. This study explores the correlation between long-term climatic conditions and major invasions on the Indian subcontinent. The study utilizes paleoclimate records of 2500 years for different locations across South and Central Asia. The findings reveal that invasions often occurred during periods of favourable Indian Summer Monsoon. The study highlights how these favourable conditions made the region an attractive target for external forces seeking wealth and control. The presence of trade routes further facilitated invasions by providing access to valuable resources. Understanding this complex relationship between climate and invasions deepens our understanding of the historical dynamics of the region and highlights the role of climate in shaping the socio-political landscape. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of considering climatic factors when analysing historical events and provides insights into the motivations behind invasions in the Indian subcontinent. The correlation between good monsoon seasons, agricultural prosperity, and external interest in the region indicates the influence of climatic conditions on the course of history.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of 3D water vapour tomography using voxel-based approach in the Himalayan region","authors":"Ashutosh Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02293-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02293-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Along with regular position-related applications, observations from navigation satellite constellations can also be utilised for atmospheric studies. The present study deals with the 3D water vapour tomography carried out for the first time using Indian GPS stations set up in the Himalayan region. A voxel-based approach is applied to retrieve the vertical profile of precipitable water vapour (PWV). Horizontal 4×4 grids have been formed between 29°–31° latitude and 77.5°–79.5° longitude with 0.5° spatial resolution. To construct a tomography model, voxels are formed over these grids up to 10 km with 0.5 km vertical resolution. Water vapour density (WVD) is estimated for different days to observe its variations under different atmospheric conditions. The results show that the estimated vertical variation of water vapour closely matches the AIRS WVD profile. To compare the results, AIRS WVD observations are interpolated at the same altitude where the tomographic estimations are available. The average root mean square (RMS) error, standard deviation (SD), and mean absolute error (MAE) between estimated water vapour density and AIRS WVD are observed to be 1.52, 1.32 and 2.02 g/m³, respectively. The coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) value is observed to be close to 0.9, reflecting an excellent linearity between estimated and observed values. The results also show that the WVD is high up to the 5 km voxel and it is between 0 and 5 g/m³ above 5 km altitude. A good estimation of vertical water vapour profile has been obtained using CORS observations and can be used for further atmospheric analyses in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of soil erosion risk in northeastern Tunisia using geospatial data and integrated approach of RUSLE model and GIS","authors":"Sinda Sifi, Abdelwaheb Aydi, Asma Bouamrane, Sabrine Zaghdoudi, Mohamed Gasmi","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02283-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02283-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Assessing the spatial distribution of the erosion process is considered a critical initial step to provide valuable insights to decision-makers for devising an effective erosion mitigation strategy to reduce erosion damages. This research was conducted based on a revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model integrated with the geographic information environment (GIS) within the Wadi El Ghareg watershed located in the Menzel Bourguiba region in northeastern Tunisia to simulate the spatial distribution of erosion across the basin which has been experiencing adverse effects of climate change, characterized by periods of drought and heavy rainfall. The RUSLE incorporates several variables, including rainfall erosivity (<i>R</i>), soil erodibility (<i>K</i>), cover management (<i>C</i>), slope length (<i>LS</i>), and conservation practices (<i>P</i>), serving as key predisposition parameters in this research. For the validation process of the applied model, 200 points were selected to create an inventory map; the points were selected based on satellite images and field surveys. The obtained thematic maps were normalized by fuzzy logic and overlaid using the model equation in the GIS. The results identified the most severely eroded areas requiring immediate erosion control measures. Hence, the results reveal that about 1.71% of the area is covered under severe erosion risk, 0.13% area under high erosion risk, 0.26% area under moderate erosion risk, 0.27% area under low erosion risk, and 97.63% of the area under very low erosion risk. The accuracy of the model was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the areas under the curves (AUC). The result showed that this model had an excellent predictive accuracy for soil erosion susceptibility, with AUC values of 0.967. The final produced map will be used as a basis for suggesting a framework that can help make practical policy recommendations to fight against erosion in the context of sustainable management of the watershed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of source parameters of local earthquakes and seismotectonic implications in Siang Valley, NE India","authors":"Ashish Pal, Dilip Kumar Yadav, Naresh Kumar, Abhishek Kumar Gupta, Ajay Paul, H C Nainwal","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02272-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02272-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A moderate size earthquake (M_L 5.9) occurred near Mechuka in Siang Valley on 23rd April 2019 at 20:15:50.00 UTC in the rupture zone of the great Assam earthquake of 15th August 1950. This shallow-focused earthquake occurred close to NE trending Main Central Thrust has a thrust fault mechanism striking parallel to this major tectonics of the Himalaya. Including this event, a dataset of 46 local, micro and low magnitude earthquakes (1.5 ≤ M_L ≤ 5.9) of the Siang Valley of Arunachal Pradesh, NE India, are evaluated for the characteristics of the earthquake source, seismicity, stress drop and tectonic structures. The earthquake events were recorded by a close digital network of eight broadband seismic stations installed in December 2018 in the Siang Valley. The stress drop (<i>Δσ</i>) obtained for the Mechuka earthquake in the Siang Valley is 114.71 bars, the seismic moment (<i>Mo</i>) of 6.86E + 16 Nm and the source radius (<i>r</i>) of 1392.41 m. The seismic moments obtained from the microearthquakes vary between 2.44E + 11 and 6.86E + 16 Nm, and the source radius varies from 172.90 to 1392.41 m based on Brune’s circular source model 1970. The corner frequencies (<i>fc</i>) of the events range from 1.03 to 8.04 Hz. Seismically intense clustering of microearthquakes has a low-stress drop below 10 bar except for the Mechuka earthquake, which varies from 0.05 to 114.72. This high-stress drop of moderate earthquake compared to its low values of lower magnitude earthquakes indicates that the earthquake of 23rd April 2019 is associated with high-strength material accumulating high strain during the earthquake-building process. Moment magnitude of whole data set ranges from 1.52 to 5.16. The scaling relationship between <i>Mo</i> and <i>fc</i> is obtained as 9.089E + 16<i>fc</i>^–9.52, and for <i>Mo</i> and <i>Δσ</i> are modelled to be related as <i>Mo</i> = 8.96E + 10<i>Δσ</i>^2.86. Evaluated low-stress drop for the smaller size of earthquakes shows brittleness of the upper crustal region.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Research highlights</h3><ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Modelling of earthquake source parameters to obtain scaling relations for Siang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The estimated <i>Mo, fc, r, ∆σ</i> and <i>Mw</i> are 2.44 × 10¹¹ to 6.86 × 10¹⁶ Nm, 1.03–8.04 Hz, 172.90–1392.41 m, 0.05–114.71 bar and 1.52–5.16, respectively.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Scaling relation between <i>Mo</i> and <i>fc</i>, <i>Mo a</i>nd <i>Δσ</i> and <i>Mw</i> and <i>fc</i> is <i>Mo</i> = 9.089E + 16<i>fc</i>^−9.52, <i>Mo</i> = 8.96E + 10 Δσ^2.86 and Log <i>fc</i> = –0.39<i>Mw</i> + 2.39, respectively.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-parametrical analysis of Haptal glacier, lower Chenab basin, Jammu and Kashmir, India: A remote sensing approach","authors":"Shashi Kant Rai, Sunil Dhar, Gagandeep Kour, Rakesh Sahu, Arun Kumar, Deepak Pathania, Pankaj Mehta, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02290-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02290-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Himalayan glaciers have shown a retreating trend since the Little Ice Age (LIA) in response to climate change. As glaciers are crucial for water security and ecological sustainability, it becomes necessary to map and monitor the glacial status from time to time. The present study is focused on the study of Haptal glacier located in the Bhuzas sub-basin of Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India, between the Pir-Panjal and Greater Himalayan range using satellite data. Results revealed that the glacier retreated continuously at progressive rates between 1980 and 2020, with an annual retreat rate of 28.25 ± 1.85 m a⁻¹. During 1999–2009, the highest (67.93 ± 2.8 m a⁻¹) retreat rate was observed. Maximum surface velocity was estimated during 1999–2000 (38.5 ± 4.7 m a⁻¹), while the glacier experienced the minimum surface velocity during 2019–2020 (32.5 ± 3.7 m a⁻¹). The glacier has lost its area (22.60 ± 8.18%), glacial length (10.95 ± 0.7%), and glacier ice volume (1.47 ± 0.56 km³; 29.63 ± 11.47%) during the study period. Modelled mean ice thickness using Glabtop2 for the glacier is estimated at 129.28 ± 13 m. The accumulation area values showed a decreasing trend of 10.89 ± 0.56 km² to 8.15 ± 0.3 km², indicating a change of 25.05 ± 5.8% between 1999 and 2020. Upward migration of snow line altitude from 5148 m (1999) to 5198 m (2020) indicates enhanced melting and glacier loss during the study period. The study further revealed that there is an overall decreasing trend in specific mass balance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Research highlights</h3><ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Haptal glacier retreated at progressive rates between 1980 and 2020</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The rate of the recession was higher during 1999–2009</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The upward migration of SLA showed melting process during the study period</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Surface ice velocity of glacier is reduced during 1999–2021.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Temperature shows increasing trend and precipitation shows decreasing trend.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140603445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismotectonics and seismogenesis of Kashmir Valley, NW Himalaya, India from a local seismic network","authors":"Nayeem Ahmad Bhat, Bikram Singh Bali, Sareer Ahmad Mir, Prakash Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02270-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02270-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis of earthquake data related to low-magnitude events provides vital information on seismotectonics and the seismic processes that generate seismic sequences with strong events. Kashmir Valley in the northwest Himalaya experiences seismic shaking due to near-field and far-field earthquakes. A seismic network consisting of 12 broadband seismic stations was installed in the Kashmir Valley in 2019 to monitor the local seismic activity. Data recorded by this network is analysed continuously 24×7 at 10-sec intervals to monitor earthquake activity in and adjoining regions of the Kashmir Valley. The determined fault plane solutions using local seismic data and centroid moment tensor (CMT) data reveal thrust faulting in and around the Kashmir Valley. The waveform analysis of the acquired data shows the occurrence of seismic events both from local (432 events between 2019 and 2022) and distant/teleseismic sources. The study area is devoid of major earthquakes because most of the crustal motion is accommodated by the basal detachment or Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) beneath the surface. This results in the accumulation of significant stress within the Earth's crust in the southern region of the valley. However, a local tectonic element (Balapora Thrust) in association with Magam Fault has produced some seismic events of low magnitude. This suggests that Balapora Thrust and other minor fault (Magam Fault) are active in the Kashmir Valley.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}