{"title":"Liposomes as immunotherapeutic carriers: A game-changer in cancer therapy","authors":"Sepehr Hoseinzadeh Moghaddam , Abulfazl Vatankhah , Fatemeh Oroojalian , Prashant Kesharwani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough treatment for cancer; however, it comes with limitations, such as systemic toxicity and off-target effects. In the ever-evolving landscape of cancer treatment, nanotechnology has provided significant advancements, with liposomes being one of its prominent tools. This article first outlines the fundamental principles of cancer immunotherapy and the complexities of the TME, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between pro- and anti-tumor immune cells. We briefly discuss the well-established use of liposomes in cancer immunotherapy, including their role in encapsulating immunostimulatory agents such as Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) agonists, Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The article then delves into recent advances in liposome engineering, highlighting functionalization with targeting moieties explicitly targeting cancer and tumor-associated immune cells. Furthermore, we explore cutting-edge innovations, including the hybridization of liposomes with cancer cell membranes, red blood cells, and exosomes, along with the application of liposomes in bacteria- and oncolytic virus-mediated therapies. Subsequently, we examine the integration of liposomes with T-cell therapies. We then explore the use of liposomes in both solid and hematologic cancers, followed by a review of the current clinical applications of liposomal formulations in cancer immunotherapy. Our goal is to pave the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments than ever before.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sai Liu , Andrew Weston , Giovanni Satta , Sara Bolognini , Mariagrazia Di Luca , Simon Gaisford , Gareth R. Williams
{"title":"Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage-loaded electrosprayed lactose particles","authors":"Sai Liu , Andrew Weston , Giovanni Satta , Sara Bolognini , Mariagrazia Di Luca , Simon Gaisford , Gareth R. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of the growing issue of antibiotic resistance, this study explored phage encapsulation within lactose particles for potential use in treating oral and ear bacterial infections. Firstly, phage-loaded suspensions that ensured phage stability at RT for 24 h were developed. After electrospraying, phage-loaded particles were successfully generated with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 31 % at a phage stock concentration of 50 % v/v. The phage titer decreased only slightly from 5 × 10<sup>7</sup> PFU/mg to 1.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> PFU/mg after processing, maintaining the same order of magnitude. The particles exhibited spherical morphology and successful phage encapsulation, with a burst release of phages within 10 min of immersion in an aqueous medium (99.0 ± 6.9 %). The phage-loaded particles demonstrated enhanced antibacterial efficacy compared to pure phage solutions, completely inhibiting <em>P. aeruginosa</em> growth for over 24 h at a particle concentration of 20 mg/ml, likely due to a high localized phage concentration. Stability studies indicated that phages remained viable at various temperatures, with greater stability at lower temperatures (4 °C, and −20 °C), though phage activity gradually decreased over time in particle form, particularly at room temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomimetic nanoparticles: A revolutionary approach to breast cancer therapy using cell membrane coatings","authors":"Jyoti Chandra , Nagashekhara Molugulu , Garima Gupta , Ayesha Siddiqua , Shadma Wahab , Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumour in women worldwide with high heterogeneity. Disease subtype and stage inform treatment strategies, combining systemic therapies (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, HER2-targeted therapy) and localized modalities (surgery, radiotherapy). Although significant progress in the management of early-stage BC has resulted in improved outcomes, metastatic BC continues to be largely incurable. Conventional treatment approaches face limitations, including poor tumour targetability, systemic toxicity, multidrug resistance, and decreased chemical stability, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic settings. However, nanotechnology has emerged as a viable option due to its capacity to improve a drug's solubility, stability, targeted delivery, and circulation time. Among novel nanotechnologies, a biomimetic strategy harnessing cell membrane (CM) coated nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged to overcome the limitations imposed by classical therapies as well as uncoated nanocarriers. By exploring the advantage of functional characteristics of natural cell membrane, CM-coated NPs bypass immune surveillance, prolonged systemic circulation, and improved tumour targeting either by active or passive mechanisms. This review describes various CM-coated NPs for BC therapy including their advantages in improving drug delivery and overcoming tumour resistance. Furthermore, it also highlights the challenges associated with their fabrication, scalability, and clinical translation, emphasizing the potential of these biomimetic systems to contribute to the advancement of personalized cancer treatment paradigms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinxin Liu , Zhengfei Hong , Rongrong Li , Shuxian Hou , Xuechao Shi , Guoqiang Yang , Yuxuan Wang , Yimei Wang , Zhiru Tao , Jun Ge , Fei Ge , Yiyan Song , Jun Wang
{"title":"Antimicrobial mechanism study of NIR-activated chitosan-montmorillonite hydrogel and their anti-MDR S. aureus properties in vitro pigskin model","authors":"Xinxin Liu , Zhengfei Hong , Rongrong Li , Shuxian Hou , Xuechao Shi , Guoqiang Yang , Yuxuan Wang , Yimei Wang , Zhiru Tao , Jun Ge , Fei Ge , Yiyan Song , Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wound infections caused by surgery, chronic ulcers, or trauma have been a challenge for clinicians, especially multiple resistant bacteria induced by the misuse of antibiotics, which has increased the risk of bacterial infection. It is very urgent to design and develop antimicrobial materials with potential for clinical application against drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, a photothermal montmorillonite-chitosan hydrogel system (MNT-CS Gel) was fabricated as a photothermal antimicrobial dressing. This study found for the first time that montmorillonite (MNT) has good photothermal properties and photothermal conversion efficiency under near-infrared (NIR) light, and on this basis, its application research was carried out. The MNT possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with significant inhibitory effects against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus,</em> excellent photothermal stability under NIR light. And all the performances were improved after combining with CS-Gel, especially in bacterial adsorption capacity and photothermal performance. Notably, MNT-CS Gel was used as a photothermal antibacterial agent for the first time, and the antibacterial effects <em>in vitro</em> and their mechanisms have been systematically investigated. It was found that the MNT-CS Gel had significant inhibitory and destructive effects on bacteria in an <em>in vitro</em> pigskin model. The MNT-CS Gel could adsorb the bacteria strongly, inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, induced the generation of ROS, destroy the structure of bacteria, and cause the leakage of nucleic acids. The MNT-CS Gel demonstrated good photothermal antimicrobial properties, suggesting that the MNT-CS Gel has potential for clinical hygiene applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianjiao Geng , Ling Ding , Mengyang Liu , Xiaoyan Zou , Zhichun Gu , Houwen Lin , Lihua Sun
{"title":"Preservation of extracellular vesicles for drug delivery: A comparative evaluation of storage buffers","authors":"Tianjiao Geng , Ling Ding , Mengyang Liu , Xiaoyan Zou , Zhichun Gu , Houwen Lin , Lihua Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including small EVs (sEVs) and large EVs (lEVs), are emerging as potential drug delivery carriers. However, the impact of storage buffers on their stability, particularly in drug delivery efficiency, is not well understood. This study systematically evaluated the stability of glioblastoma U87 cell-derived sEVs and lEVs stored at −80 °C in various buffers: PBS, PBS with 30 % glycerol, 6 % DMSO, or 25 mM trehalose. EVs were characterized post-isolation and analyzed after 10 weeks for morphology, particle concentration, size distribution, zeta potential, protein amount, and RNA content. Doxorubicin (Dox) was loaded into EVs, and their drug loading capability (LC) and delivery efficiency to U87 cells were assessed. Western blotting confirmed the presence of sEVs markers. EVs displayed a cup-shaped morphology with similar sizes in different buffers (170 nm for sEVs and 210 nm for lEVs), and EVs stored in PBS with trehalose had a higher zeta potential. After 10 weeks, both sEVs and lEVs exhibited a significant decrease in particle concentration and size, accompanied by an increase in zeta potential in all buffers, except the PBS-trehalose buffer. Notably, EVs morphology, total protein amount, and RNA content remained stable in all storage buffers. Importantly, the LC and cytotoxicity of Dox-loaded EVs remained comparable to freshly isolated EVs. In conclusion, these findings highlight PBS with 25 mM trehalose as an optimal buffer for short-term EVs storage at −80 °C, preserving EVs stability for drug delivery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled AbouAitah , Ayman Turk , Yingjie Bu , Farzaneh Sabbagh , Mi Kyeong Lee , Beom Soo Kim
{"title":"Nanoformulations-based functionalized boron nitride nanosheets delivering nicotinamide mononucleotide with enhanced in vitro anti-aging properties","authors":"Khaled AbouAitah , Ayman Turk , Yingjie Bu , Farzaneh Sabbagh , Mi Kyeong Lee , Beom Soo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is currently one of the most important and promising anti-aging agents on the global market because it is ultimately converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>), which affects multiple cellular functions in the human body. Here, we developed a novel nanoformulation design using boron nitride nanosheets (BNN) functionalized with polydopamine (BNNPDA). After efficient NMN loading on BNN or BNNPDA nanocarriers, additional enteric coating by Eudragit S100 polymer was successfully attached to achieve a nanoformulation design. For uncoated nanoformulations, both BNN and BNNPDA effectively demonstrated high loading content (29.92–45.95 %) and entrapment efficiency (89.75–92.19 %) of NMN. In vitro release studies showed a long-term sustained release pattern at pH 7.2. BNNPDA/NMN1:1@ES100 exhibited the highest NMN release (∼67 %) over 150 h. Compared to NMN and the positive control, the anti-elastase activity of PDA-based and coated nanoformulations was significantly increased by more than 2-fold. In contrast, all nanoformulations had a lower anti-tyrosinase activity with a maximum inhibition of 75 % for uncoated nanoformulations compared to positive control and NMN (80–90 % inhibition). These findings indicate that specially coated nanoformulations represent a viable approach for sustained delivery of NMN with improved anti-aging activity, which could be explored for in vivo administration in animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent trends in hydrogel-based formulation for the treatment of diabetic wounds: A review","authors":"Bedanta Bhattacharjee , Sandhanam K , Damanbhalang Rynjah , Pratap Kalita , Arzoo Newar , Karabi Kalita , Satyabrat Sarma , Partha Pratim Dutta , Manas Jyoti Kapil , Abdul Baquee Ahmed , Ram Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic wounds (DWs) are a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DWs have a low cure rate and likely recurrence, thus affecting the quality of patient's lives. It is a long-term injury that may result in amputations because of recurrent infections and other adverse consequences linked to ulcers. DW healing is a complex process that often requires the use of various drugs and advanced dressings to promote recovery. Hydrogels have gained significant attention among modern wound dressings due to their unique properties of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb large amounts of water, forming a moist environment conducive to healing and versatility. These materials have been extensively studied for various biological applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. The therapeutic management of DWs has greatly improved from the many functionalized hydrogel dressings published, and good responses have been suggested in recent years due to an in-depth study of the aetiology of these wounds. As a result, this review article discusses the approaches to repairing diabetic wounds and the molecular pathways involving immune factors, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinase, oxidative stress, free radicals, and chemokines, which can significantly improve the healing process of delayed DWs. Additionally, the most recent developments in hydrogel wound dressings for the successful treatment of DWs were highlighted, along with current viewpoints and challenges in this field of research and an overview of various hydrogel-based formulations, preclinical targeted delivery with clinical case studies, and more were also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixing efficiency of pharmaceutical powders in an intensive mixer with rotating mixing vessel (EIRICH Intensive Mixer)","authors":"Hana Kato , Yoshiko Takeuchi , Hirofumi Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixing of ductile lubricant particles is known to have several negative effects on tablet properties, such as decreased hardness and delayed disintegration. This study investigated the usefulness of a mixing system using an intensive mixer with a rotating mixing vessel (EIRICH Intensive Mixer) for blending lubricants. To confirm the suitability of lubricant-mixing conditions (rotor types, rotation speed, and mixing time), we mixed lactose/cornstarch with two types of lubricants (magnesium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate), prepared tablets made from the mixtures, and evaluated their properties. Mixing with a star rotor suppressed the negative effects of lubricants on tablet properties more effectively than mixing with a microgranulation rotor (Z rotor). To verify the usefulness of this mixing system in direct tableting, the formulations for direct compression with SuperTab®14SD or SmartEx® as excipients and acetaminophen (AAP) (10 %) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient were used. The results confirmed the effectiveness of lubrication for tableting by evaluating the ratio of lower punch pressure to upper punch pressure and the uniform dispersion of AAP using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Finally, the process of mixing lubricants collectively with the active pharmaceutical ingredient and other ingredients was evaluated. The results showed that this mixing system using an intensive mixer effectively mixed all the ingredients in the formulation. This study clarified the usefulness of an intensive mixer in blending lubricants for pharmaceutical formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intranasal drug delivery: Pathways, challenges, and advancements in CNS targeting","authors":"Noura Al-Hajaj , Reem Khalil , Ghaleb A. Husseini","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemotherapy is often associated with systemic effects, leading to damage of healthy tissues and organs, the development of drug resistance, immune suppression, and eventually impacting the quality of life of patients. Nanocarriers, small vessels ranging from 1 to 100 nm, can be engineered to effectively carry the treatment to the targeted cells or tissues, revolutionizing drug delivery. Nanomedicines have proven to enhance the therapeutic index of drugs by improving the drug's physicochemical properties, such as stability, solubility, and bioavailability, while minimizing toxicity and undesirable side effects. Despite advancement with nanocarriers, targeting the central nervous system (CNS) remains challenging due to the blood-brain barrier, one of medicine's greatest enigmas. The intranasal route offers a direct, non-invasive pathway to the brain, circumventing this barrier that has long hindered CNS treatments. This review aims to present the latest advancements in intranasal nanoparticle-based drug delivery, a method that is poised to revolutionize the treatment of neurological disorders. By exploring the collective efforts to refine this approach, we highlight the main deficiencies found in the literature and discuss how the next generation of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles can transform the future of intranasal targeted drug delivery, enhancing treatment efficacy and patients' quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhupendra G. Prajapati , Lujain F. Alzaghari , Prawez Alam , Mohammad Fareed , Devesh U. Kapoor
{"title":"Revolutionizing neurological therapies: The role of 3D printed microneedles in precision brain targeted drug delivery","authors":"Bhupendra G. Prajapati , Lujain F. Alzaghari , Prawez Alam , Mohammad Fareed , Devesh U. Kapoor","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of 3D printing has emerged as an effective method in fabricating pharmaceutical drug products with various geometric forms. Microneedle arrays are innovative devices that are gaining popularity, primarily for their use in drug delivery. These devices are applied through the skin, offering a minimally invasive method for therapeutic applications. The basics of 3D printing technology and materials employed for fabrication of microneedle using 3D printing is discussed in this review. The review encompasses different manufacturing techniques such as direct laser writing, two photon polymerization, dynamic light processing, stereolithography of 3D printed microneedles. The review also entails the drug loading and release mechanism through the blood brain barrier of 3D printed microneedles. The review primarily focuses on targeting the brain for drug delivery using 3D-printed microneedles. The challenges and future perspective regarding 3D printed microneedles with respect to brain targeted drug delivery also summarised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}