Journal of Education, Health and Sport最新文献

{"title":"Advancements in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: Current Strategies and Future Directions","authors":"Zuzanna Czach, Magdalena Czach, Dominika Bachurska, Wojciech Kopacz, Łukasz Mazurek, Monika Stradczuk, Wojciech Mazurek, Barbara Rękas, Barbara Kruczyk, Mateusz Piętak, Joanna Olędzka","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.73.51687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.73.51687","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review examines current and emerging treatment strategies for diabetic macular edema (DME), a complication of diabetic retinopathy characterised by fluid accumulation in the macula, which can lead to vision impairment. The incidence of DME is particularly high in patients with long-standing diabetes and advanced retinopathy. The current treatment options for DME include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, corticosteroids, and laser therapies. Anti-VEGF agents, including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and the more recently developed brolucizumab and faricimab, have been demonstrated to reduce macular thickness and improve visual acuity. Brolucizumab offers the advantage of fewer injections due to its longer duration of action, although it carries a higher risk of ocular inflammation compared to other anti-VEGF agents. The dual inhibition of the VEGF and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) pathways by faricimab may enhance vascular stability and reduce inflammation, potentially improving patient outcomes. Steroid therapies, including dexamethasone, fluocinolone acetonide, and triamcinolone acetonide, represent an alternative for patients who do not respond adequately to anti-VEGF treatment. Laser therapies, including focal, navigated, and subthreshold laser treatments, remain a crucial component in the management of DME, with the ability to seal leaking vessels and reduce fluid accumulation. In order to achieve the best outcomes for patients, it is essential to continue to advance these treatment modalities and adopt a personalised, multifaceted approach.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do we know about body dysmorphic disorder - Review of current knowledge","authors":"Aleksandra Brożyna, Arkadiusz Bydliński, Anita Kwiatkowska, Sara Emerla, Natalia Małek, Konrad Karłowicz, Łukasz Ciulkiewicz, Patryk Pluta, Julia Lubomirska, Patrycja Figurowska, Maria Hermanowska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51251","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Body dysmorphic disorder, also known as dysmorphophobia, is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by DSM-V as preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance, that are not observable or appear slight to others. BDD can cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of life. It is often comorbid with other psychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder. Current ways of treatment include a combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy.  \u0000Aim of the study \u0000To summarize current knowledge of body dysmorphic disorder, its pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, outline possible areas for further research, and raise the awareness of the disorder.  \u0000Material and methods  \u0000The review was based on the PubMed database and was carried out using keywords to determine the latest publications. \u0000Summary \u0000Body dysmorphic disorder is a relatively common and severe condition that greatly diminishes patients' quality of life. While helpful diagnostic tools exist, BDD diagnosis remains relatively uncommon, posing challenges for patients to receive adequate treatment and continuing their suffering. Despite identifying several factors contributing to the disorder, much remains unknown. Many patients do not respond to standard treatment options, highlighting the need for further studies into the disorder's neurobiology, causes, and alternate treatment approaches to achieve a deeper comprehension of BDD as the number of new cases increases every year.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"35 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of treatment of relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis (RRMS)","authors":"Arkadiusz Bydliński, Aleksandra Brożyna, Natalia Małek, Sara Emerla, Anita Kwiatkowska, Konrad Karłowicz, Maria Hermanowska, Julia Lubomirska, Patrycja Figurowska, Łukasz Ciulkiewicz, Patryk Pluta","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51250","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Multiple sclerosis (SM) is the most common chronic inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System. In its course, a multifocal damage is done to a nervous tissue - myelin sheaths surrounding axons become disintegrated. This process leads to a dysfunction of the electrical impulses passage along nerve fibers which occurs as various symptoms that hinder the functioning of the patients.  \u0000Aim of the study \u0000This review aims to summarize treatment methods of relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Following information will be presented: groups of medications, mechanism of its action, its most important side effects and its effectiveness. \u0000Material and method \u0000This review presents the current state of knowledge about relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treatment - it is based on Pubmed database and was carried out using keywords concerning the issues of multiple sclerosis. Cited articles were selected in order to base on up-to-date investigation results. \u0000Summary \u0000A wide range of therapeutic options let neurologists treat their patients accurately, but the basic knowledge about each substance should be assimilated to choose the best individual therapy. Patients suffering from multiple sclerosis differ from each other and a personal approach is needed to implement appropriate treatment as soon as possible. Early start allows patients to not to lose their everyday functioning areas, as the neurodegenerative process is stopped at the initial stage. If some changes in brain tissue structure are permanently done, neurologists should know the options of symptomatic treatment to alleviate a patient's suffering. ","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2-Inhibitors - significant role in Heart Failure treatment","authors":"Karol Wielgus, Piotr Bator, Maria Pawłowska, Karol Magiera, K. Rachwał, Maria Antos, Jan Ramian, Grzegorz Łyko","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.49418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.49418","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF), which has a high morbidity and mortality rate, is nevertheless a common and crippling ailment, especially in older populations. The complicated pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), which includes oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, and inflammation, is frequently not sufficiently treated despite advances in medication. Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) have become a key treatment for HF in patients with varying left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF). SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown in recent clinical trials to considerably lower hospitalization rates for heart failure, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. The mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors, such as better ventricular loading, increased heart metabolic efficiency, and decreased inflammation and necrosis, are covered in this review. Additionally, we provide an overview of four important clinical trials—DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced, EMPEROR-Preserved, and DELIVER—highlighting their effectiveness in lowering unfavourable cardiovascular outcomes for patients with heart failure who have preserved (HFpEF), slightly reduced (HFmrEF), or reduced (HFrEF). The results validate the need for SGLT2 inhibitors in all-inclusive HF treatment plans by highlighting their adaptability and safety in a range of clinical contexts.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"54 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast milk – a living superfood. Review of current knowledge","authors":"Patrycja Figurowska, Natalia Małek, Sara Emerla, Aleksandra Brożyna, Anita Kwiatkowska, Arkadiusz Bydliński, Konrad Karłowicz, Maria Hermanowska, Julia Lubomirska, Łukasz Ciulkiewicz, Patryk Pluta","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51247","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breastfeeding is considered the best nutrition for infants, including born preterm due to containing optimal ingredients for development and growth. Breast milk is a rich source of nutrients, it also contains diverse types of bacteria, which play a role in infant’s gastrointestinal tract colonization and preserving mammary health. Composition of human milk varies depending on numerous maternal and infant factors. \u0000Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to summarize the current knowledge about the content of nutrients, bioactive factors and microbiota diversity in human milk depending on various factors. \u0000Materials and methods: The work is a review of 26 mainly English-language scientific publications from 1989-2024 posted on the PubMed platform. \u0000Results: Milk composition changes in addition to several factors. Depending on postnatal age: preterm milk has higher content of protein, fat and immunological factors and lower concentration of lactose than term milk. Depending on milk maturity: Colostrum is higher in protein but lower in lactose, fat and energy than mature milk. Human milk is also a source of viable bacteria important for developing infant’s gut microbiota, but the diversity of bacterial strains in milk may vary. Depending on mode of delivery: milk of mothers after spontaneous labour contents more probiotic vaginal- and enteric-associated bacteria, while milk of mothers after C-section has more skin-associated microbiota. Depending on mother’s weight: milk of overweight mothers is lower in probiotic- and higher in pathogenic bacteria. Alcohol, nicotine, and some medications also have negative impact on produced milk. \u0000Conclusions: Human milk varies from woman to woman and its composition depends on several factors. Postnatal and gestational stage, delivery mode, mother's weight and certain substances have been found to be important factors influencing the constitution of breast milk, including nutrients, microbiota and volume of milk.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet-Protective Clothing and Sunscreen: Sun-Protection for Healthy Skin","authors":"Daria Sieniawska, Patrycja Proszowska, Magda Madoń, Zuzanna Kotowicz, Adrianna Orzeł, Aleksandra Pich-Czekierda, Julia Sieniawska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51237","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun poses numerous risks to the skin, ranging from premature aging to serious health conditions such as skin cancer. UV radiation can penetrate the skin's surface, causing damage to its cells and DNA, which can lead to the formation of wrinkles, sunspots, and other signs of aging. Therefore, consistent and effective sun protection is essential for maintaining the health and vitality of the skin, as well as reducing the risk of sun-related skin damage and diseases. \u0000Aim of the study \u0000The objective of the study is to conduct a thorough investigation into different aspects of photoprotection and its effects on the skin. This entails assessing the effectiveness and safety of sunscreens, as well as evaluating the impact of sun-protection clothing on skin health. \u0000Materials and methods \u0000The purpose of this review is to assess the current literature of the effectiveness of the various sun protection measures. The literature was reviewed in the Pubmed, Google Scholar data base. \u0000Results \u0000Prolonged UV exposure incites photoaging, carcinogenesis, and immunosuppression, amplifying the risk of skin malignancies. Sun-protective clothing, with adequate UPF ratings, emerges as a pivotal element in mitigating UV-induced skin damage, notably reducing the development of pigmented moles and melanoma. Furthermore, effective sunscreen usage, coupled with broad-spectrum protection, is essential in averting UV-induced skin damage and curbing the incidence of skin cancer. These findings emphasize the imperative of comprehensive photoprotection strategies, integrating sunscreen application, sun-protective clothing, and individual risk assessment, to safeguard against solar-induced skin damage and mitigate the prevalence of skin cancer.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Frailty Scale - frailty assessment and rehabilitation potential","authors":"Szymon Wiśniewski, Weronika Hołownia, Wiktoria Julia Krzesłowska, Paulina Pytel, Kamila Szewczyk, Bartłomiej Szewczyk","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.51507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies show a significant increase in frailty prevalence among older adults worldwide. Fortunately, several well-established and user-friendly screening tools can effectively identify frailty in older adults. \u0000Objectives: This article examines the Clinical Frailty Scale's effectiveness in informing treatment decisions for older adults in ambulatory care settings, analyzing its potential to improve patient care. \u0000Methods: On April 1, 2024, the PubMed database was searched for articles on the Clinical Frailty Scale in elderly patients. The 116 most pertinent and current articles, written in English and published within the past few years, were analyzed, and 38 were selected and categorized by content and topic. \u0000  \u0000Limitations: This study is limited because it is not a meta-analysis and thus does not examine the quality of the evidence presented in each article. \u0000Conclusions: Frailty research has illuminated aging and its potential biological causes. The Clinical Frailty Scale effectively identifies vulnerable individuals. By using the CFS to assess frailty risk, healthcare providers can personalize treatment plans and improve overall care for older adults.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can caffeine alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease? – the implications of adenosine 2A receptor antagonism","authors":"Anna Wójcik, Aleksander Górny, Justyna Chwiejczak, Julita Młynarska, Jan Kościan, Karolina Szczerkowska, Anna Seroka, Maria Mitkowska, Maria Rybicka, Michał Obrębski","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.49808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.49808","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, mainly characterized by motor impairment with symptoms including rigidity, bradykinesia, rest tremor and imbalance. It develops upon degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra associated with neuroinflammatory process initiated by alpha-synuclein deposits. Although, levodopa replacement therapy is the gold-standard treatment, majority of the treated patients develop dyskinesia as the side effect, resulting from altered function of dopamine receptors. It is thought that the abnormal pulsate release of dopamine can be prevented by antagonism of adenosine 2A receptors (A2ARs).\u0000Aim of the study: This review aims to outline the action mechanism of A2AR antagonism on motor performance, and thus evaluate the suggested implications of coffee consumption in PD. Material and method: The involvement of A2ARs in the pathology and treatment of PD has been analyzed based on the findings of many published studies examining the effects of A2AR modulation.\u0000Results: Blockage of A2ARs enhances the action of dopamine via D2 receptors on striatopallidal neurons, decreasing their hyperactivity, and exerts neuroprotective effect, suppressing the neuroinflammation.\u0000Conclusions: Istradefylline, being the only approved A2AR antagonist, was able to reduce total cumulative dose of levodopa, improve motor control, alleviate postural abnormalities, and provide a reduction in daily ‘off’ time experienced by patients. Recent findings suggest the effects of drinking one cup of coffee are comparable with ones obtained by the newly introduced medication, presumably via shared action mechanism by A2AR inhibition.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does sauna bathing prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or Alzheimer's disease? May adults with cardiovascular disease use a sauna? A systematic review","authors":"Maciej Sobczyk, Małgorzata Słaboń, Małgorzata Pasztelan, Jarosław Pulikowski, Karolina Garbacz, Maria Maciąg, Julia Krawczuk vel Walczuk, Joanna Baran, Aleksandra Muca, Aleksandra Marczak","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.70.49802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.70.49802","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a surge of interest in sauna bathing and its role in health aspects. However, there are few studies focusing on the association between regular sauntering and the risk of dementia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considerably better understood are the effects on the cardiovascular system. This study delves into contemporary scientific research on Finnish saunas, exploring their potential correlation with Alzheimer's disease prevention, their impact on vascular health in adults with cardiovascular disorders, and their association with reducing the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scientific studies published in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were analyzed, including terms related to Finnish sauna, dementia, COPD and cardiovascular disease. The methodological quality and results of each study were evaluated. Sauna bathing in addition to being a relaxing lifestyle habit, remains a potential additional strategy which can be used in improving cardiovascular function in adults with well-controlled cardiovascular disorders. A limited amount of research has been identified on the correlation between sauna bathing and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and COPD. The accumulating evidence suggests that frequent sauna bathing may reduce the risk or severity of several vascular and nonvascular conditions including COPD and also moderate to high frequency of sauna bathing was associated with lowered risks of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Further research is required, especially large-scale cohort studies with repeated measurement on sauna to establish the potential mechanisms linking sauna bathing and either memory diseases or COPD and better understand the relationship between sauntering and cardiovascular health. Upcoming studies may become very promising for the development of sauna bathing as a new non-pharmacological treatment or prevention of various diseases and improvement in the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"59 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The promising form of supporting the treatment of depression","authors":"Izabela Halczuk, Bartłomiej Stachura, Justyna Górska, Samanta Gawryszczak, Anna Gliwa, Katarzyna Nowak","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.71.49421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.71.49421","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose \u0000Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest in the dynamically developing field of science, nutripsychiatry, which has contributed to an increase in the number of studies conducted assessing the relationship between the use of a vegetarian nutritional model and its potential therapeutic impact on holistically understood mental health. \u0000Material and methods \u0000For the purposes of this work, a review of the literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, was performed using the following keywords: vegetarian diet; depression; psychiatry. Works published before 2015 were excluded from the analysis. During the review of the literature of available scientific texts, attempts were made to comprehensively present the state of current knowledge. \u0000State of knowledge \u0000Numerous clinical studies support the beneficial effect of a vegetarian diet on mood by improving well-being and lower levels of anxiety and depression. However, there are also studies that did not show a relationship between the diet and the mood of the subjects, as well as studies indicating possible dangers associated with the use of this nutritional model. \u0000Conclusions \u0000The use of a vegetarian dietary pattern as a potential intervention is a promising method of non-pharmacological support. The amount of available scientific data confirming the beneficial effect of a vegetarian diet on mental health is insufficient to recommend it as a standard form of supporting the treatment of depression. Before implementing a vegetarian nutritional model, it is necessary to assess its safety in the patient and individualize dietary recommendations.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}