Journal of Education, Health and Sport最新文献

{"title":"Aggravation of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Decline in Advanced Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Complicated by Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Case Study and Review of Literature","authors":"Iwona Welian-Polus, Bartosz Mazur, Michał Bielak, Magdalena Mazur, Elżbieta Rypulak, Wiktoria Wilanowska, Anna Gregułą, Karol Stachyrak, Dawid Mika, Kamila Turek","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\u0000Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic X-linked recessive disorder. This condition is characterized by progressive loss of muscle tissue. Thus, it results in deterioration and inability to perform basic motor skills such as independent movement or breathing. Due to progressive muscle weakness, patients with advanced stages of DMD require mechanical ventilation, feeding, and rehabilitation. Furthermore, alterations in cardiac muscle lead to cardiomyopathy. Despite advanced supportive treatment, DMD is a fatal disease.\u0000Purpose:\u0000The aim of the paper is to present, using a case study description, the current standards of treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy as well as the current state of knowledge and new discoveries regarding this medical condition.\u0000Material and methods\u0000The patient's medical records were analyzed and available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write this article using the keywords: „Duchenne muscular dystrophy”; „cardiomyopathy”; „mechanical ventilation”; „gene therapy”;\u0000Conclusions\u0000Early detection of respiratory and circulatory insufficiency improves the patient's quality of life. Many patients with an advanced stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy need specialized treatment, for example, in the intensive care unit. Therefore there is an urgent need for new treatment methods, such as gene therapies, which can slow down or break the course of the disease. New discoveries and the implementation of new treatment standards can enhance the quality of life for patients and extend their lifespans.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between personality disorders and migraine. A narrative review","authors":"Ewa Olek, Oliwia Szewczyk, Karolina Czarnecka, Anna Korczak, Katarzyna Burda, Emilia Wójcik, Olga Łopacińska, Katarzyna Stańczyk, Aleksandra Korn, Justyna Jędrzejczyk","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51101","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Migraine is one of the most prevalent types of headache and is a subject of many clinical trials. There are various risk factors associated with migraine occurrence, from hormonal and genetic to environmental. It is observed that some migraineurs have specific psychological features- sometimes called as migraine personality. This encouraged researchers to evaluate migraine patients in terms of psychiatric co-existing conditions. \u0000Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between migraine and psychiatric comorbidities, primarily personality disorders. \u0000Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”migraine”, “headache factors”, “personality disorder”, “migraine personality”, “migraine education”, “borderline personality disorder”, “anxious personality disorder”, “migraine health”, “depression and migraine”, “medication over-use in migraine”, “migraine comorbidities”, “depression”, “anxiety”. \u0000Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between migraine and personality disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities worsen the treatment prognosis, are a risk factor of medication overuse and chronic headaches. \u0000Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent among migraineurs. Clinical evaluation of these patients should be complex and contain psychological and psychiatric analysis, especially in patients resistant to standard treatment.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"44 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Benefits of Ice Baths on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after high intensity training","authors":"Marta Rutkowska, Mateusz Bieńko, Tomasz Król, Michalina Toborek, Magdalena Marchaj, Karolina Korta, Anna Putra, Natalia Niedziela, Mikołaj Margas","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49169","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\u0000In the field of sports and exercise science researchers are exploring methods to enhance recovery after training sessions. One popular approach that has gained attention is the use of ice baths.\u0000Purpose:\u0000This review examines how ice baths impact muscle recovery time following high intensity workouts looking at both the effects and practical considerations with a focus, on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The PubMed database was used in this study. A literature review was conducted using the keywords: “cold water”, “muscle regeneration”, “muscle soreness”, “DOMS” and “ice bathing”.\u0000State of Knowledge:\u0000Ice baths have been found to trigger vasoconstriction reduce inflammation and alleviate muscle soreness. However, their effectiveness in reducing exercise-induced inflammation and muscle soreness remains uncertain. The impact on DOMS varies among individuals due to factors like genetics, age, gender and health conditions. This variability highlights the challenges of incorporating ice baths into workout recovery routines.\u0000Summary:\u0000The use of ice baths in post-exercise recovery presents a complex landscape with diverse physiological responses and variable outcomes. While practical guidelines exist for the application of ice baths in high-intensity training, debates persist regarding their efficacy on DOMS compared to active recovery. While ice baths are incorporated into holistic recovery strategies conflicting research casts doubt on their standalone effectiveness prompting further exploration of how they complement other recovery methods. Moreover, potential drawbacks and conflicting evidence regarding their influence on long-term training adaptations raise questions about the overall costs and benefits.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"36 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium as a potential complementary treatment for ADHD - a review of recent literature","authors":"Karolina Smykiewicz, Aneta Michalczewska, Natalia Wierzejska, Magdalena Pach, Agnieszka Nowak, Agnieszka Fugas, Zuzanna Chmielowiec, Alicja Partyka, Mariola Dziedzic, Justyna Dobrzańska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50663","url":null,"abstract":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental mental disorder affecting an estimated 7.2% of children and adolescents, and 2.5% of adults. It manifests primarily through inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Multimodal treatment approaches are recommended, addressing the psychological, behavioral, vocational, and educational needs of patients and their families. Conventional therapies include pharmacologic interventions (e.g., psychostimulants) and non-pharmacologic strategies (e.g., psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy). The ongoing search for novel treatment options focuses on improving cognitive function, psychological well-being, and ADHD symptomatology. Nutritional interventions with vitamins and minerals are emerging as potential complementary or adjunctive therapies.   \u0000This review summarizes recent literature (past 5 years) on the relationship between magnesium and ADHD, encompassing observational studies, interventional trials, and meta-analyses.  Evidence from recent publications suggests that children with ADHD have reduced magnesium levels and that magnesium supplementation improves symptoms. However, these studies do not definitively establish the exact cause-and-effect relationship between magnesium and ADHD. Current data are insufficient to recommend magnesium for routine ADHD treatment. High-quality, large-scale, and long-term studies are necessary to definitively understand the magnesium-ADHD link and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy. These studies should define optimal doses, forms, and duration of supplementation for safe and effective clinical use. ","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Modern Strategies for Treating Obesity","authors":"Aleksandra Jędrasek, Marta Barg, Julia Biały-Karbowniczek, Agata Bartela, Klaudia Wojtyła","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49506","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the last few years, obesity has become a central issue with more than 2.6 billion people worldwide being overweight or obese. While the risks associated with this condition and its rising significance are widely known, the effect of this attention on screening and treatment remains unsatisfying. This paper explores multiple treatment strategies and evaluates their effectiveness in preventing obesity-related complications.   \u0000Review methods: We conducted our study as a literature review, with data being gathered via PubMed and Embase.  \u0000The state of knowledge: Physical activity, behavioral therapy, and proper nutrition remain the foundation for obesity therapy. However, in many cases these approaches are insufficient. Recently, there has been a dynamic development of bariatric surgery and new drugs, which in comparison to lifestyle modification, result in better long-term results and improved quality of life. New surgery procedures, such as sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding, have shown to be one of the most effective but still carry a risk of complications. As an alternative pharmacotherapy could be considered with currently used medications including liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, phentermine-topiramate, orlistat, and bupropion-naltrexone.   \u0000Conclusions: Growing treatment options allow physicians to choose more targeted approaches, based on the patient’s risk factors, overall health status, and compliance.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"22 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma as a new treatment method in orthopedics","authors":"Aleksandra Janocha, Aneta Jerzak, Anna Hitnarowicz, Bożena Kmak, Anna Szot, Agnieszka Pociecha","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49195","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purposePlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy represents a technology designed to enhance tissue repair by locally administering one's own bioactive agents, aiming to influence physiological processes like inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Recently, the use of PRP therapy has become a subject of discussion in the orthopedic field. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms, contemporary applications, clinical evidence, safety aspects, and potential future advancements of PRP in orthopedic treatment. Research has documented the efficacy of PRP injections in achieving full regeneration and enabling a comeback to competitive sports. PRP injections could serve as a viable alternative treatment for individuals with lateral tendonitis when compared to surgery. Further research investigating the impact of PRP on the bone healing process following a fracture is warranted. \u0000Materials and methods The methodology for conducting literature search involved utilizing medical subject headings terms to explore PubMed. Search terms included: \"plasma-rich therapy\", \"tendinopathy\",  \"injury\" \" articular cartilage \", \"bone fracture \" \u0000ConclusionsResearch at different evidence levels has shown that PRP is safe and has beneficial effects in above uses. Due to the autologous nature of the therapy, side effects are minimal. In the majority of cases, PRP therapy alleviates pain sensations in both short- and long-term observations, facilitating a faster return to daily functionality. However, additional randomized, controlled clinical trials are anticipated to be conducted in the future. Progressing further necessitates the standardization of methods for preparing plasma and procedures for its application.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"115 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative use of the cough drug - N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: a review of recent clinical trials","authors":"Joanna Cieszkowska, Marta Czubala, Julia Czerwik, Joanna Dmochowska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49397","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose\u0000N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the more popular drugs, widely available in pharmacies, used to treat wet cough. NAC's diverse mechanism of action has drawn the attention of researchers for its great potential in the treatment of many conditions. Indeed, it has been noted that administration of NAC allows indirect modulation of the central nervous system, which may be important in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The following review focuses on recent reports of NAC's potentially beneficial effects on psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction.\u0000Description of the state of knowledge\u0000Based on studies conducted on animals (rats), a positive effect of NAC has been proven, observing a reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms. Based on the above data, more and more human studies are being conducted, where the effect of NAC on the symptoms of various mental conditions is being investigated. In recent years, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neurotransmitter function modulating effects of NAC on the brain have been proven, with significant potential in the treatment of mental illness.\u0000Conclusions\u0000The potential impact of NAC on the treatment of mental illness is a rapidly developing topic in recent years. On the basis of available scientific data, partial reduction of symptoms of mental illnesses through the use of NAC has been confirmed. It is a very promising drug, which in this indication requires additional studies to unequivocally confirm its beneficial effects on the functioning of the central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"120 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differentiation and management","authors":"Karolina Strus, Magdalena Madera, Natalia Dąbrowska, Sylwia Mazur, Roksana Zdunek, Agata Mazur, Emilia Nagórska, Krzysztof Marcinkowski, Aleksy Bizan, Aleksandra Kublińska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49175","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose: The number of invented and produced medications has increased over recent years. Besides their positive impact on health, they invariably provide various kinds of side effects. This review is focused on malignant neuroleptic syndrome, a rare condition with no fully confirmed pathogenesis, which at least partially can be explained as an adverse effect of blocking dopamine receptors. Even though it usually affects psychiatric or neurological patients, doctors of all medical specializations should stay alert, as the condition can often lead to premature death. \u0000Brief description of knowledge: The main symptoms associated with NMS are hypertonia, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability and altered consciousness. They can appear in any configuration, sometimes followed by less characteristic manifestations. It should be primarily differentiated from serotonin syndrome, malignant hyperpyrexia and catatonia, mostly through the interview of those who have taken medications and undergone surgeries, as there are not any specific lab tests available. Fundamental treatment methods consist of neuroleptic withdrawal, intensive supportive care, drug administration and eventually ECT.  \u0000Summary: NMS is an uncommon, severe disease that should be carefully considered in patients treated with neuroleptics. Due to its rarity and sudden onset, it appears to be problematic to conduct widespread research and studies, so there are still no concrete, consistent and unquestioned guidelines on recognizing and treating the condition. ","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"102 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - literature review","authors":"Aleksandra Mazurek, Mateusz Pawlicki, Karol Stachyrak, Dawid Mika, Bartosz Mazur, Kamila Turek, Maciej Lambach, Anna Gregułą, Aleksandra Kłos, Wiktoria Wilanowska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49000","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose :  \u0000Type 2 diabetes is currently a serious problem worldwide. Each year, the number of individuals with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is increasing. This is due to an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of physical activity, and a diet rich in highly processed foods. Currently, the treatment of type 2 diabetes is based on the use of oral antidiabetic medications, with the first choice often being a derivative of biguanides, such as metformin. Berberine has been used in China for many years as a hypoglycemic agent, and its efficacy is compared to metformin preparations. This paper focuses on the benefits of using berberine in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and compares the effects of berberine preparations to classical medications used in diabetes treatment.  \u0000  \u0000Material and methods :   \u0000The literaue was reviewed in PubMed and Google Scholar scientific database in 2013-2023 using the following keywords : berberine, diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia, hyperglicemia    \u0000Conclusions :  \u0000The studies included in this manuscript have shown that berberine is a promising agent for adjunctive treatment in type 2 diabetes. It exhibits a range of positive effects such as lowering blood glucose levels, improving lipid profile, with no serious adverse effects reported. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and develop an effective treatment plan. ","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"108 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current approach to diagnosing and treating necrotizing fasciitis","authors":"Łukasz Ciulkiewicz, Paulina Kryszpin, Piotr Jachimowski, Maciej Pełka, Anna Kania, Justyna Fijałkowska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is an infrequent yet highly fatal bacterial infection characterized by widespread necrosis of fascia and subcutaneous fat tissue. Though initial symptoms resemble typical infection, necrotizing fasciitis progresses rapidly triggering acute phase response. Individuals with advanced age, chronically ill, immunocompromised, or abusing alcohol are especially susceptible to developing necrotizing fasciitis. In order to reduce mortality, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are indispensable. \u0000Aim of the Study: Aim of this study is through evaluating existing literature to outline the contemporary diagnostic strategies and emerging therapy options for necrotizing fasciitis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Description of the State of Knowledge: Primary diagnostic methods involve clinical evaluation and surgical exploration, complemented by fresh frozen sections for rapid diagnosis and the finger test. Diagnostic imaging incorporates the use of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and ultrasound. The treatment is mostly centered around surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. Therapies that display potential efficacy include low-dose radiotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the use of intact fish skin grafts for tissue reconstruction after successful treatment. The emerging approach includes therapy targeting systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis induced coagulopathy and critical illness related corticosteroid insufficiency. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Conclusions: The management of necrotizing fasciitis primarily depends on traditional methods. Fast identification and proper treatment are pivotal in reducing the mortality rate. Recognizing the significance of addressing the acute phase response in necrotizing fasciitis treatment introduces new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. Further research is vital to evaluate the existing approaches to necrotizing fasciitis management and explore new diagnoistic and therapeutic alternatives. \u0000","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"115 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}