Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Francisella tularensis: a zoonotic pathogen among wild rodents and arthropods - a possible threat in future","authors":"M. Priyantha","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v70i1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v70i1.76","url":null,"abstract":"Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus and an aerobic bacterium. It causes a zoonotic disease called tularemia in humans. Four subspecies have been found in F. tularensis as F. tularensis subsp. Tularensis (Type A strains), F. tularensis subsp. Holarctica (Type B strains), F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica, and F. tularensis subsp. Novicida. Rearing rabbits and different kinds of rodents as pets are becoming popular in Sri Lanka, veterinarians need to be knowledgeable on emerging pathogens such as F. tularensis, to diagnose the disease within a short time. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to update veterinarians on possible emerging infections to improve the health of pets and to minimize possible zoonotic infections. The clinical outcome caused by Francisella is a debilitating febrile disease in humans. Francisella has been isolated from hundreds of animal species in the world. Being a diverse host range, associated ecological factors relating transmission of Francisella in the environment is largely unknown. F. tularensis type A was reported to be common in North America while occasionally found in Europe. Type B was found commonly in the Northern hemisphere and in Australia. Tularemia is a sporadic disease, and a small infectious dose is required for an infection in humans. The clinical signs and symptoms of tularaemia depend on the route of infection. Six types of clinical forms were identified as ulceroglandular, glandular, oropharyngeal, oculoglandular, pneumonic and typhoidal in humans. Diagnosis of tularemia in humans is based on epidemiology, clinical findings and laboratory confirmation. Microagglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay ELISA are widely used as diagnostic tests. Several conventional and qPCR have been optimized to detect the organism in clinical samples. Antimicrobials such as aminoglycosides, tetracycline, quinolones, and chloramphenicol were used to minimize clinical complications. Utilization of treated water, usage of gloves on handling wild rabbits and rodents, thorough cooking of bush meat, usage of insect repellents, protection of stored food from rodents, wearing masks, ticks-free clothes, keeping away from weeds, cleaning pets from external parasites have been identified as the main preventive strategies against tularaemia in human. No commercial vaccine is found in the market yet against F. tularensis. This can be an emerging and threatening disease in the future with ongoing changes in arthropod parasites in the ecosystem followed by climatic changes in the world.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132626327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glimpse into the biosecurity, antimicrobial usage, and antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli associated with commercial chicken layer farms in a poultry dense area in Sri Lanka","authors":"S. A. I. C. Subhasinghe, A. B. S. Pabasara, P. M. H. M. Pathiraja, H. M. T. K. Karunarathna, R. Kalupahana, K. Kottawatta","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v70i1.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v70i1.75","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial food animal production plays an essential role in the global food supply chain. In parallel with the growth of the Sri Lankan poultry sector, antimicrobial usage has also been increased with the aim of reducing disease incidents. The development of antimicrobial resistance due to the irrational use of antimicrobials is a global problem. Commensals like Escherichia coli (E. coli) can easily acquire and transfer resistance to pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria which cause treatment failures in both humans and animals. The present study was conducted in 50 poultry layer (commercial chicken layers) farms in Kurunegala district of Sri Lanka during the period from November 2016 to January 2017. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect information mainly on the management, biosecurity, and antimicrobial usage of selected farms. Further, E. coli were isolated from the fecal samples collected from 26 farms among those 50 farms, and their antimicrobial-resistant profiles (AMR) were investigated. Results revealed that 98% of the farms had poor biosecurity management practices while using at least one antimicrobial drug (98%). The most commonly used antimicrobial drug was enrofloxacin (79.6%) followed by amoxicillin (61.2%), both sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (49%), tetracycline (26.5%), neomycin (22.4%), and tylosin (4.1%). AMR profile of fecal E. coli revealed that the highest resistance is for tetracycline(81.8%) followed by nalidixic acid (54.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (40.9%), ampicillin (45.5%) and ciprofloxacin (31.8%). Lower levels of resistance, 13.6%, 9.1%, and 4.5% were observed for streptomycin, ceftazidime, and imipenem respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to amikacin and gentamycin; while 68.18% of isolated E. coli were multidrug-resistant (MDR). AMR and MDR findings of this study highlight the need of implementing strategies to regulate the usage of antimicrobial drugs in poultry farms in Sri Lanka, to prevent and control the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and diseases from a ‘one health’ perspective.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128763162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extragenital canine transmissible venereal tumours: A case series","authors":"B. M. L. N. Bandaranayaka, S. Kabilan, K. A. R. K. Perera, C. Abeykoon, K. A. N. Wijayawardhane, H. M. S. Ariyarathne","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v70i1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v70i1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Transmissible venereal tumour is a contagious tumour frequently found in dogs in Sri Lanka. Generally, canine TVT (cTVT) is transmitted via sexual intercourse and therefore the lesions are typically found in external genitals of dogs. Due to the characteristic cauliflower like gross appearance of gross lesions of TVT, diagnosis of genital TVT is mostly easy and straight forward when confirmed by cytology. However, TVT cells may transplant on mucous membranes other than external genitals due to social behaviours of dogs and produce atypical lesions at extra genital sites. Extra genital TVT is difficult to diagnose, especially when the affected dogs lacking concurrent genital lesions. Only a limited number of extragenital cTVT case reports are published in Sri Lanka and this report provide a comprehensive description of extragenital cTVT in nine dogs presented with a variety of lesions, diagnosis and response to treatment with vincristine sulphate.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116655699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystadenoma in the rete ovarii in a bitch","authors":"H. D. S. Hewapathirana, C. Abeykoon, W. M. N. S. Wijesooriya, W. R. J. P. Walpola, H. M. H. S. Ariyarathna","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v70i1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v70i1.69","url":null,"abstract":"The rete ovarii is the counterpart of the male rete testis that develops from the primary sex cords of female animals. Pathological conditions of the rete ovarii are rarely reported in dogs. This communication describes a cystadenofibroma of a rete ovarii in a 2-year-old, intact, crossbred bitch presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya. The bitch was presented with complaints of hyporexia, constipation, purulent vaginal discharges and progressive abdominal distension for three weeks. A tentative diagnosis of pyometra with concurrent uterine cyst/neoplasia was arrived based on the clinical examination and imaging findings. An exploratory laparotomy revealed that the space of the right ovary is occupied by a large, 14 cm x 16 cm, smooth surfaced, spherical mass and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Histopathology findings of the cyst suggested a cystadenofibroma of rete ovarii. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of canine cystadenofibroma in rete ovarii in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127560857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post vaccinal antibody titres specific for canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus in dogs vaccinated with selected commercial vaccines: A preliminary study","authors":"S. T. Kahingala, B. Gamage, I. Silva, D. Dissanayake","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v69i2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v69i2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination of dogs against canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus (CAV), are recommended to prevent severe disease outbreaks caused by those viruses. Antibody (Ab) titre testing has proven to be an effective method of monitoring immunity and determining whether re-vaccination is necessary. Postvaccinal immunoglobulin (IgG) titres specific for CDV and CAV with three selected commercial multivalent vaccines (A, B, and C) were evaluated in this study. When antibody titres of a total of 40 client-owned dogs (16 vaccinated with vaccine A, and 12 each with vaccine B and C) were tested three weeks after the primary vaccination using VacciCheck in-clinic test kit, only 33 yielded valid responses. Pair-wise comparison using the Kruskal-Walli’s test showed that vaccine C induced a significantly higher CDV-specific Ab titres (p = 0.001) than vaccine A or B. Both vaccines A and C induced significantly high levels of CAV-specific Ab titres (p =0.001) when compared to vaccine B. Vaccine B containing the Rockborn strain of CDV and Manhattan strain of CAV induced a very poor immune response against both viruses. Since many factors can affect the immune response elicited by a vaccine, selecting a reliable vaccine product is important to ensure a good immune response. The vaccine C produced by a leading manufacturer containing the viral titres of 1x104 TCID50 and 1x106 TCID50 or CDV and CAV, respectively was effective in inducing a protective humoral immune response in all dogs tested in this study.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115699693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary inclusion of a sugarcane extract on growth performance of broiler chickens","authors":"R. Senaarachchi, M. G. Y. Hasanjana, H. D. De Seram, K. Nizanantha, P. Pushpakumara, N. D. Karunaratne","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v69i2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v69i2.67","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenol-rich natural sugarcane extract can protect living cells against oxidative damage that could negatively affect broiler performance. The objective was to evaluate the effect of graded levels of a dietary sugarcane extract on the growth performance of broiler chickens under local conditions. A study was conducted by housing a total of 960 broilers (Cobb 500) in litter floor pens and feeding graded levels of dietary sugarcane extract (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%) from 0 to 35 days. Each of the four rooms (replications) was portioned into four pens (60 birds/pen). Each treatment was randomly assigned to four pens in each room. Birds were fed commercial starter (crumbles; day 0 to 18) and finisher (pellets; day 19 to 35) diets according to Cobb 500 broiler performance objectives, and water was given adlibitum throughout the study. Treatment diets were prepared by adding the respective levels of sugarcane extract to the commercial diets. Mortality was recorded daily, and body weight gain, feed intake, and feed-to-gain ratio were evaluated weekly (day 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35) on a pen basis. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. The dietary level of sugarcane extract did not significantly affect the broiler performance parameters each week and overall trial period and did not negatively affect Cobb 500 performance targets. Sugarcane extract levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%, respectively, resulted in 2.268, 2.261, 2.242 and 2.227 kg body weight gain (P = 0.437) and 3.429, 3.417, 3.348 and 3.350 kg feed intake (P = 0.245) for the total trial period. Feed-togain ratios (P = 0.207) for the entire trial length were 1.51, 1.51, 1.49 and 1.50 for 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% sugarcane extract, respectively. Dietary sugarcane extract levels did not affect broiler performance.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128515992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study of canine trypanosomiasis in Nepal","authors":"S. Regmi, S. Bista, B. Dhakal","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v69i1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v69i1.72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127589474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market characteristics, Salmonella prevalence and associated risk practices in poultry processing environments in wet markets in Sri Lanka","authors":"J. Ubeyratne, M. Jayaweera, L. Lokugalappatti, S. Wickramasinghe, H. Tun","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v69i2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v69i2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry selling is beyond the ambit of industrial processing and marketing trade at Live Bird Market (LBM) operations. Contaminated meat from such LBM is being increasingly recognized as a potential source of food borne disease including salmonellosis. At present, limited information is available on processing and marketing of live birds in informal LBM operations of Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study was carried out to describe the characteristics of LBM and to determine Salmonella prevalence with special emphasis on the risk practices that could lead to cross contamination. We analysed 123 LBM operations in Sri Lanka using a pretested and structured questionnaire, visual observations by trained enumerators, and culture and isolation of Salmonella to achieve above objectives. The observed characteristics of the LBM in Sri Lanka were generally similar to those operated in other Asian countries even though there were minor variations. Overcrowding of live birds, keeping meat at ambient temperatures and improper evisceration practices leading to cross contamination were some of common characteristics seen in majority of the LBM operations. Regarding Salmonella prevalence, it was moderate in LBM of Sri Lanka (47.97 %) while low prevalence was observed in both poultry meat sold at LBM (30.89%) and meat contact surfaces (","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132740615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of monkeypox infection and some facts for veterinarians","authors":"M. Priyantha","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v69i1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v69i1.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124964377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenobarbital responsive Sialadenosis in rottweiler dog - case report on clinical findings and treatments","authors":"N. A. Bandusena, A. Bandara","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v69i2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v69i2.68","url":null,"abstract":"Sialadenosis is a bilateral, painless, noninflammatory, uniform, and nonneoplastic condition reported in human and animal medicine. It is a rare condition in animal medicine with only a handful of case reports published to date. According to the different case reviews in the veterinary literature, it can be classified under different forms that are associated with enlargement of a salivary gland with gastrointestinal diseases or without any other abnormality and also phenobarbital responsive or non-responsive form. Phenobarbital-responsive sialadenosis associated with an oesophagal foreign body has also been reported in a dog. This communication presents a case report of phenobarbital responsive sialadenosis of a ten-month old male Rottweiler. This dog was presented with the main complaint of acute vomiting together with inappetence, gulping, and progressive weight loss. Imaging studies revealed gastrointestinal inflammation in the stomach with mild ulceration with unclear aetiology. The dog did not show any improvement to symptomatic treatments. Additionally, it developed bilateral enlargement of the submandibular salivary glands which were hard in consistency and evident at the second presentation at 10 days after the first. Treatment with oral phenobarbital brought rapid resolution of clinical signs. Until recently, the pathogenesis of sialadenosis and why it does respond to phenobarbital have not been well understood. Because of the response to phenobarbital treatments, sialadenosis may represent a form of limbic epilepsy or peripheral autonomic dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129837064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}