Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic characterization of captive ponies in delft island, Sri Lanka","authors":"W. Jayathilake, K. Thananjayan, P. Alexander, L. N. A. D. Silva, P. Pushpakumara","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v67i1-2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v67i1-2.54","url":null,"abstract":"he objective of the study was to phenotypically characterize the captive ponies that are present in Delft Island, Sri Lanka. Four qualitative traits and sixteen quantitative traits were measured in 10 ponies (9 males and 1 female). Collected data were statistically analyzed. The body weight of each pony was estimated, and information was collected regarding their management. Mean and Standard Deviation for each quantitative trait in centimeters were: face length 39.70 ± 4.22, face width 16.00 ± 1.67, ear length (left) 14.90 ± 0.92, ear length (right) 14.95 ± 0.79, muzzle circumference 39.55 ± 3.26, neck length 43.90 ± 2.39, neck circumference (at throat latch) 58.70 ± 5.46, neck circumference (at base) 78.85 ± 7.93, neck circumference (at midpoint) 65.75 ± 13.92, withers height 112.40 ± 5.44, rump height 109.60 ± 5.39, body length 67.45 ± 8.63, heart girth 119.30 ± 11.41, barrel girth 138.90 ± 12.27, cannon bone circumference (front) 18.90 ± 1.70, and cannon bone circumference (rear) 23.65 ± 1.55. Average weight was 85.66 ± 17.41 kg. Nine out of the 10 ponies were more than 7 years old. All the ponies had brown color coats with no markings on their bodies. The feral ponies present in the island are captured at a young age using ropes for taming. The expected lifespan is 20 years. The captive ponies are allowed free grazing and are not fed with concentrates or supplements. No regular deworming, vaccination or grooming is done. The captured ponies are not allowed to breed. Starvation and death during dry seasons are the most common issues.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"44 43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124602230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans-perineal ultrasonographic monitoring of intravaginal transmissible venereal tumour regression with vincristine sulphate chemotherapy in dogs: a study of twelve cases","authors":"B. Rajapaksha, W. Fernando, D. D. Silva","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v66i2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v66i2.44","url":null,"abstract":"Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) grows mainly on the genitals of dogs. When such lesions develop in the vaginal passage, the process of clinical examination, diagnosis, and monitoring of therapeutic response are crucial in veterinary practice. The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of two-dimensional trans-perineal ultrasonography to monitor the therapeutic response of vincristine sulphate on intravaginal TVT in dogs. Twelve female dogs having lesions confirmed as TVT with cytological evaluation were used. TVT were categorized as multilobular (n=7), solitary (n=5), and heterogeneous (n=12). The maximum transverse diameter of tumour was assessed ultrasonographically while treating with vincristine sulphate 0.025 mg/kg, IV at weekly intervals. Owners were informed about the side effects of chronic vincristine sulphate chemotherapy such as development of pancytopenia, inappetence, and alopecia. Dogs were monitored for such adverse reactions during the study. The average maximum transverse diameter of tumour was 3.05±1.31 cm (range, 1.32 to 5.8 cm) before the treatment. A variation of therapeutic effect on tumour size was observed with trans-perineal ultrasonography. A significant reduction of the lesions was recorded between two to five weeks of the treatment in 11 dogs (P=0.00), with the highest reduction recorded one week after the treatment (P=0.01). Eight dogs showed thickened and hyperechoic foci on the vaginal wall with the highest average thickness of 0.36±0.08 cm after the complete remission of TVT. Based on the results in this study, it could be concluded that trans-perineal ultrasonography is a simple and noninvasive diagnostic modality to characterize and monitor the therapeutic effect of vincristine sulphate in dogs affected with intravaginal TVT in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129144004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastitis, somatic cell count and milk quality: an overview","authors":"R. Deshapriya, R. Rahularaj, R. M. S. B. K. Ransinghe","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v66i1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v66i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is the economically most important disease in lactating cows and the prevalence under any management condition is considerably high. It causes economic losses due to reduction of both quantity and quality of milk. The groups of microorganisms causing mastitis are categorized as bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma and nocardia. Among the several cow side tests to trace intra-mammary infections (IMI) at early stage, i.e. sub-clinical mastitis (SCM), California Mastitis Test (CMT) is commonly used in which somatic cell count (SCC) is indirectly taken into account. The SCC of milk is an indicator of mammary infections because SCC positively correlates with the severity of infection. The SCC of >200,000 cells/ml is considered to be an indication of IMI. However, SCC in the milk can also vary with some other factors such as breed, age of the cow, stage of lactation, body condition score, etc. A few studies have shown that high SCC in milk affect the composition, organoleptic properties and keeping quality of raw milk and heat treated milk, yoghurts and cheese. One could argue that low SCC milk (sub-clinical mastitis) will not have a significant effect on product quality. But it should be emphasized that the natural infection occurs with various types of microorganisms that can precipitate product defects despite the low SCC. Also, attention must be paid to the bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) rather than individual animal SCC. The quality of raw milk collected from different parts of the country is reported to be low with high bacteria counts mainly due to unhygienic milking and field practices. Milk quality directly influences the income of the small scale milk producers which inturn affects the sustainable dairy production. In Sri Lanka the majority of dairy farmers are small scale producers and they practice minimum milk hygiene practices compared to medium and large scale producers. Therefore, it is essential to make them aware of hygienic milking practices and implement milk quality based payments (MQBP) with added premium and penalties for the existing milk price, with the objective of encouraging clean milk production.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124178427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella, Campylobacter and Escherichia coli in raw chicken meat, chicken products and cooked chicken in retail markets in Kandy, Sri Lanka","authors":"G. D. B. N. Kulasooriya, M. Amarasiri, A. Abeykoon, R. Kalupahana","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v66i1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v66i1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella, Campylobacter and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are common foodborne zoonotic bacteria with a significant risk of transmission through poultry and related products. Chicken is the most commonly available and consumed meat type in Sri Lanka, hence this study aimed to identify the occurrence of those microorganisms in retail chicken products that may be posing a direct risk to consumers. A total of 124 chicken samples of chilled or frozen raw meat, sausages, meat balls, and cooked chicken curries were purchased from retail outlets in Kandy municipality area. The presence of above organisms and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli isolates were tested utilizing standard methods. All types of samples except chicken curries were contaminated with Salmonella, Campylobacter and E. coli to different extents. Frequencies of contamination of sausages and meat balls with Salmonella and Campylobacter were lower than the contamination with E. coli. A higher proportion of loose sausages were positive for E. coli compared to packaged sausages. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolates indicated that all were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin but susceptible to gentamicin, imipenem and amikacin. The study reinforces the importance of adequate cooking of chicken meat and meat products.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131409144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional ultrasonographic relationship of the thyroid gland with associated anatomic landmarks in clinically normal dogs","authors":"W. Kumara, N. Karunarathna, D. D. Silva","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v66i1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v66i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of the size of the thyroid gland is considered to be important for diagnosis of several pathologic conditions in animals including dogs. Two-dimensional ultrasonography is used as a noninvasive simple method for determination of the size of thyroid gland. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship among the dimensions of the thyroid gland with that of the associated anatomic landmarks of clinically normal dogs using ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 15 mixed breed dogs using an ultrasound scanner (MyLab30vet, Esaote, Genoa, Italy) with a linear-array transducer (Esaote LA 522, Esaote, Genoa, Italy).The maximal diameter and the length of the thyroid lobe were compared with that of the diameter of the common carotid artery and the trachea. The correlation between each thyroid parameter and the dimensions of the anatomic landmarks were assessed using linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. According to the results, a significant linear correlation was observed between the maximum diameter of the thyroid lobe and the diameter of common carotid artery (P = 0.02, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.188). The coefficient of determinations (R2) for the maximum diameter of the thyroid lobe with that of common carotid artery diameter was 0.367, indicating that the strengths of the association were weak. The mean ratio between the maximum thyroid lobe diameter and the common carotid artery diameter was 1.74 ± 0.40 (range 1.11 - 2.43). However, there was no significant dimensional relationship with other selected anatomic landmarks. On the basis of the data obtained in this study, calculating the ratio between the maximum thyroid lobe diameter and the diameter of common carotid artery by using two-dimensional ultrasonography will be a useful and simple method for evaluating the size of the thyroid gland in dogs in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127299293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of mandibular lip avulsion in a cat using tissue adhesive and standard wound closure – a case report","authors":"S. Rathnayake, R. A. C. Rathnayake, D. D. Silva","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v66i1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v66i1.35","url":null,"abstract":"This communication describes the reconstruction of mandibular lip avulsion in a two-year old cross-bred male cat using a tissue adhesive with the placement of horizontal mattress sutures. The cat was presented with mandibular avulsion two days after a road traffic accident. A few temporary sutures to secure the lip in place and oral antibiotics had been given by another veterinarian. However, at the time of presentation it was apparent that the sutures had been removed by the cat. As the prehension was difficult, the food intake was reported to be less than it used to be after the accident. Monomeric n-butyl-2- cyanoacrylate (Surgibond) and horizontal mattress sutures with 2/0 polydioxanone were applied under general anaesthesia for reconstruction. Two weeks after the intervention the patient fully recovered and started consuming food in the usual manner without any post-surgical complications.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127491956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen cannulation of sheep by Hecker method - a case study","authors":"K. Nizanantha, W. Jayathilake, M. W. I. N. B. Makuloluwa, W. Rathnakumara, Piyatilak Bandara Weerasinghe","doi":"10.4038/slvj.v66i1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v66i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"A modified fistulation technique described by Hecker in 1969 was adopted for the first time in Sri Lanka in sheep, in order to establish a cannulated rumen fistula. Pre-operative procedures included administration of tetanus toxoid 14 days prior to surgery, withholding feed and water for twenty-four hours, Vitamin B-complex and antibiotic injections on the day prior to surgery, and preparation of the left flank region for surgery. Immediately prior to the surgery parenteral analgesic injection was administered and left para-vertebral nerve block was performed. The rumen wall was exteriorized through a laparotomy incision and a metal clamp was applied. Simple interrupted sutures were placed using nylon through the skin, rumen wall and the clamp. After 7 – 9 days the exteriorized rumen wall sloughed off leaving a fistula. A tight rubber cannula was inserted through the fistula and the cannula was closed with a ring and stopper. The antibiotic and analgesic were repeated post-operatively for three days. The cannulated animals were used for a one-year research project and the animals were clinically normal throughout the project.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126097667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assay for phagocytic activity by canine neutrophils for Escherichia coli","authors":"A. P. Liyanage, M. Mallawa, ID Silva","doi":"10.4038/SLVJ.V65I1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLVJ.V65I1.29","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the in vitro phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils of dogs in Sri Lanka for Escherichia coli. The study sample comprised of 70% mongrel and 30% cross bred dogs of both sexes. The leukocyte isolation method described yielded up to 12,930/il viable leukocytes of which 61-90% was neutrophils, with viability ranging from 90-99% (mean 96%). The mean percent phagocytosis (MPP) of canine blood neutrophils was significantly higher at 30 minutes incubation (89%) than at 15 minutes incubation (70 %) with E.coli. The findings support the fact that innate immunity can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively by the technique described which will be useful for the identification of immunocompromised dogs.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of a thrombocytopenic disorder in a group of working dogs of Sri Lanka Air force","authors":"P. Jayatilaka, P. P. H. Pinnagoda, P. Gunawardena, K. Ginarathne, ID Silva, N. Wijeyawardena, M. Mallawa, T. Karunaratne, A. Dangolla, R. Rajakaruna","doi":"10.4038/SLVJ.V65I1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLVJ.V65I1.31","url":null,"abstract":"The complicated clinical manifestations of canine piroplasmosis with severe thrombocytopenia have been occasionally observed in dogs. This clinical communication describes an acute clinical condition characterized by severe bleeding tendencies with high fatality rates in five groups of working dogs of the Sri Lanka Air Force. It is a multifactorial condition in which known hemoparasites in dogs in Sri Lanka and Anaplasma possibly play roles, requiring further investigation. The clinical condition was successfully managed with a combination of oral antibiotics and prednisolone.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114690673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves as an alternative protein source for feeding early phase of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"M. Fouzi, M. Deepani","doi":"10.4038/SLVJ.V65I1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLVJ.V65I1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a fast growing invasive aquatic plant often covers water bodies. It has been a problem worldwide. Fast-growing and rapidly expanding omnivorous tilapia is likely the suitable species for aquaculture. Since the fish farmers are adversely affected by high cost feed, the use of water hyacinth as a protein source in fish feed could offer solutions to both the problems. The present study therefore was carried out to perceive the use of water hyacinth as a cheap protein source in the diet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four types of fish feeds were formulated replacing the fish meal and soybean meal by water hyacinth at 0% (control, feed 1), 5 % (feed 2), 15 % (feed 3) and 20% (feed 4). Two weeks old tilapia fry of 0.8g ± 0.3g mean body weight were stocked in 12 tanks in four treatments, each with three replicates and fed with respective feed at the rate of 4% of body weight for 63 days (Each tank was stocked with fifteen tilapia fries). Body weight and body length of each fish were measured every fortnight while the initial measurement was taken after one week of acclimatization period. Feed cost for one kg of each feed samples was also calculated. The results revealed that the feed conversion ratio (1.54±0.18, 1.46±0.25, 1.45±0.16 and 1.46±0.42) and growth rates (0.11, 0.106, 0.106 and 0.124 g/day) among fish groups fed with feed 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively were not significantly different (P>0.05).Costs per kg of feed decreased with the increasing of replacement of fish meal by water hyacinth i.e. Rs. 120, 110, 93, and 84 respectively. There were no significant differences in feed utilization among four types of feed by the replacement of protein source with water hyacinth. Thus, water hyacinth leaves could be used to replace 20% of the high cost protein source in the diet of tilapia.","PeriodicalId":155613,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126631665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}