Journal of Cytology and Histology最新文献

{"title":"Focusing on Tumor Rejection Antigens in Melanoma with Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes","authors":"P. Chapman","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83166490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A 7 Year Study","authors":"Shikha Chopra, R. Jindal, M. Joseph","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.576","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Salivary gland shows various pathological conditions ranging from cystic, inflammatory, tumor like and neoplastic lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in evaluating salivary gland (SG) tumors. Salivary gland tumors are one of the most heterogeneous groups of neoplasms with cytopathological features overlapping among the entities and making it difficult to assign to specific category. Due to these facts, salivary gland cytopathology is one of the most challenging areas of cytology. The lack of a uniform reported guidelines in salivary gland cytopathology leads to inter-observer variability and disagreements. The present study was undertaken to assess the degree of inter-observer reproducibility for diagnostic categorization of salivary gland lesions utilizing MSRSGC among pathologists with varying experience along with its role in providing a framework for reporting salivary gland lesions. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, total of 44 cases of salivary gland lesions subjected to FNAC over a period of 7 year were studied. The cases were critically reviewed by 2 pathologists and a pathology resident with variable experience in cytopathology using MSRSGC in our institution. Inter-observer variability was assessed by comparing the agreement between two cytopathologists and pathology resident by using Cohen’s kappa statistics (Io score) and interpretation of the results was done using scale of Landis and Koch. Results: All the salivary gland aspirates were categorized according to MSRSGC.Out of 44 cases, maximum cases 22 (50%) were classified under IVA (BN) followed by 27.27% to 29.5% cases classified under II (NN), 2.27-4.55% of cases under Category IVB (SUMP), 4.55% under category V( SM) and 6.82% cases under category VI ( M). Inter-observer variability (IOV) was calculated for individual category in Milan system using Cohens kappa test, which was found to be in the almost perfect agreement range as per Landis and Koch, for categories II, IVA, V, VI ( Io score 0.89- 1). Kappa score ranged from 0.645 - 1 for category I (ND), which showed substantial to an almost perfect agreement. Whereas, category IVB (SUMP) showed variable results, with substantial agreement (Io score 0.656) to no agreement (Io score 0) between different observers.The overall IOV showed an almost perfect agreement with a kappa score of 0.861(obs1 vs 2) ,0.896 (obs1 vs R), 0.965 (obs 2 vs R). The data was found to be statistically significant (p=< .0001). Conclusion: MSRSGC is a very efficient system and has the potential to standardize salivary gland FNA diagnoses, providing clear prognostic and management information to clinicians and surgeons. This system can be used with good reproducibility between observers with variable cytopathology experience. Placing lesions in categories using MSRSGC can result in optimal management of discordant cases without using a specific diagnosis. Application of MSRSGC has immen","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77981558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staining Potentials of Indigenous Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx, Lawsonia inermis Leaves and Vitex Doniana Stem Barks on Liver and Kidney Tissues","authors":"N. Okolie, Ngokere, Enweani","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.563","url":null,"abstract":"Tissues acquired from the bodies of human or animals are transpicuous after tissue processing. Without tissue staining, the individual components of these tissues cannot be seen and appreciated. Haematoxylin extracted from the heartwood of a small tree, Haematoxylin campechlanum (Logwood) alongside synthetic eosin, constitutes the most commonly used Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method in histopathology laboratories. In view of the hazards associated with the use of synthetic stains and the escalating cost of foreign dyes, it has become essential to seek for natural, economic, easy to use, biodegradable, safe (to both human and environmental health) and more eco-friendly alternatives or supplements to the routine Haematoxylin and eosin stains. Thus, the present study is aimed at evaluating the staining potentials of indigenous Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx, Lawsonia inermis leaves and Vitec doniana stem barks on liver and kidney tissue slides. Ethanolic, aqueous, mordant and non mordant sohext extracts of the plant products were substituted for haematoxylin (as primary stains) in the modified haematoxylin and eosin methods. Results revealed that the three plant products imparted various intensities of pink or pale pink colouration on the cytoplasm of the constituent cells without any form of nuclear staining at a concentration of 100mg/ml.Observed acidic nature of all the three plant extracts was probably responsible for their failure to stain the nucleus in keeping with the general staining principle that only basic stains do clour the acidic nucleus. It is recommended that more studies be carried out to provide methods for increasing the pH of the extracts to the alkaline (basic) side of neutrality for effective nuclear staining.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84595495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemic Scenario and Journey of New Coronavirus COVID-19 Circulating in the Republic of China might be from Saudi Arabia","authors":"Omar A. Al-Tayib","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78295180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Paradigm in Salivary Gland Tumor Cytopathology","authors":"J. Bishop","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.21.12.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.21.12.590","url":null,"abstract":"We are amidst an intriguing analytic upset in salivary organ pathology. It is presently grounded that a developing number of second rate to middle of the road level salivary organ neoplasms are characterized by certain hereditary modifications, eg, MAML2 combinations in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, ETV6 combinations for secretory carcinoma, and MYB/MYBL1 combinations for adenoid cystic carcinoma, among numerous others [1]. Awareness of these changes has refined salivary organ characterization by expanding the perceived morphologic spectra of these tumors, uncovering new variations, and, at times, characterizing altogether new entities [2,3]. More significant, as in regions like delicate tissue pathology, these atomic progressions have improved on the determination of specific tumors. On the off chance that a tumor is found to hold onto a MAML2 combination, for instance, it is a mucoepidermoid carcinoma, basically regardless. The value of these tumor-characterizing hereditary modifications is generally clear in cytopathology, where pathologists don't have the advantage of evaluating tumor engineering and intrusiveness. An adenoid cystic-like cribriform example can be seen in numerous considerate and dangerous tumors, yet, combined with proof of MYB combination, an authoritative finding of adenoid cystic carcinoma can be made preoperatively, permitting specialists to design their activity fittingly. Shockingly, atomic investigation has not yet reformed salivary organ cytopathology practice in a far reaching way. Modern atomic testing procedures like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and cutting edge sequencing are not broadly accessible external scholarly medical focuses. In addition, the low cellularity normal in fine-needle yearnings regularly delivers atomic examination ineffectual. An ideal arrangement would be the presentation of immunohistochemical proxies for the demonstrative hereditary tests, like NUT immunostain, which is a profoundly delicate and explicit test for the uncommon carcinomas that are characterized by NUTM1 fusions [4]. For generally scholarly and private pathology works on, acquiring another immunohistochemical stain is substantially more plausible than adding another FISH test; and, in certain conditions, the immunostain is more touchy than FISH.4 A couple of these immunostains have been presented in salivary organ cytopathology, with to a great extent baffling outcomes. MYB protein is reliably communicated in adenoid cystic carcinoma, however it is so regularly seen in indicative mimickers that the immunostain has basically no practical value [5]. Although PLAG1 and HMGA2 proteins are generally seen in pleomorphic adenomas, they are likewise communicated in different carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma, so a positive immunostain can't recognize considerate and harmful tumors [6].","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73961571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Oncocytic Cell in Cytological and Histologic Reports: Institutional Experience","authors":"José Marçalo, M. Cardoso, D. Presa, Maria João M Bugalho","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.560","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Oncocytic cell tumors, due to historical and clinical reasons, tend to be put in a higher risk category compared with other cell type tumors. We tried to define the malignancy risk for this entity. Methods: At our institution, we studied the risk of malignancy associated with a cohort of 107 thyroid nodules aspirates containing oncocytic cells in the cytology report and we have further analyzed other clinical factors. Results: A tendency for higher risk of malignancy in male sex was found (31.3% vs. 15.4% in women), the difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). Total thyroidectomy was the preferred surgical approach and only 10.3% of patients were submitted to lobectomy. Histopathology reports documented 46.7% hyperplastic/adenomatoid nodules, 31.8% adenomas, 12.1% papillary carcinoma, 3.7% oncocytic cell carcinoma, 2.8% lymphocytic thyroiditis and 1.9% poorly differentiated carcinoma. Benign nodules (Bethesda Class II) exhibited a 9.7% malignancy risk; Class III exhibited a 20% malignancy risk; Class IV exhibited a 18.4% malignancy; Class V exhibited a 16% malignancy risk and Class VI exhibited a 100% malignancy risk. Overall histologic data from the aspirated nodules showed a risk of malignancy of 17.8%. Conclusion: Our study seems to suggest that in the presence of oncocytic cells there may be a tendency for a higher than expected malignancy rate. Clinical factors appear to be insufficient to base our management decisions with confidence and molecular markers are still under development. Therefore, surgery may stand as the favored option in this setting.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76015502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicocytological Analysis of Hepatic Neoplastic Lesions","authors":"Garg Rachana, Anuradha Rao","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.580","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The liver is the site of numerous neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, with neoplastic lesions accounting for a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality. Being a common site for metastatic tumors, it becomes imperative to differentiate the same from hepatocellular carcinoma, owing to varied management modalities involved. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC),is considered a prominent investigative procedure in this regard. However, it is not without its limitations and disadvantages. Aim and Objectives: This retrospective research analyzes the cytological features of hepatic masses, with particular reference to pattern assessment, cellular and nuclear details along with background characteristics of note which could define differentiating characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic malignancy. Accompanying clinico-radiological and biochemical parameters that could be helpful in this regard were also studied. An attempt was also made to distinguish the features characteristic to different grades of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Method: FNAC of 114 hepatic neoplastic lesions received during a two years period in the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinico-radiological and biochemical parameters were correlated, and data thus retrieved was analyzed statistically for relevance. Results: Males were predominantly affected both by primary and metastatic malignancy with primary over 60 years of age. Jaundice, history of prior alcohol consumption, pre-existing liver disease, elevated LFT along with AFP levels >400 ng/ml was seen in significant cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiologically, metastasis showed multiple lesions with most cases less than 5cms in diameter with invasion of adjacent structures. Analysis of three characteristic cytological features including presence of cytoplasmic bile, intranuclear inclusions and traversing blood vessel was carried out and it was observed that the highest chance of tumor being HCC was when all three were seen. After analyzing features to differentiate between the different grades of HCC it was observed that as the grades progressed the cells became undifferentiated and similarities increased. Cytohistological correlation was seen in 91.3% of cases of primary and 86.9% of metastatic malignancies. Conclusion: Close attention to cytological features like cell clusters, intranuclear inclusions, endothelial rimming in conjunction with radiological images and biochemical markers provide valuable pointers in distinguishing between primary HCC and hepatic metastatic carcinomas thus obviating the need of invasive procedures.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78386312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Biomarkers & Targeted Therapies","authors":"Zhiyuan Shen","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.2021.12.581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91016885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papanicolaou (Pap) in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women","authors":"S. Choudhury","doi":"10.37421/2157-7099.21.12.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2157-7099.21.12.591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"138 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90401710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the Retrospective Correlation between High- Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) on Cytology and the Histological Diagnosis of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2 (CIN2) or More in AML, Antwerp, Belgium?","authors":"N. Karia, A. Loon, I. Benoy, J. Bogers","doi":"10.37421/jch/.2020.11.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/jch/.2020.11.550","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cervical cancer is a major worldwide health problem. Therefore, regular cervical screening in order to make an early diagnosis can help to prevent cervical cancer. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the correlation between HSIL on cytology and histological CIN2+ in AML, Antwerp and to compare two liquid-based cytological techniques ThinPrep® LBC (TP) and SurePath™ LBC (SP). Methods: 120 women with a HSIL positive cytological smear from 2014 (ThinPrep® LBC) and another 120 from 2010 (SurePath™ LBC) were anonymously randomised out of the AML database, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. The Belgian Cancer Registry (CIB and CHP) and the AML database were consulted for histological and cytological data and the researched variables (doctor’s speciality, age, HPV status, -genotypes and -persistence) of these 240 women. 184 women, with histological follow-up within one year, out of 240 were included. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 (StataCorp, USA). P-values and Odds-ratios were calculated. Results: The CIN2+/HSIL ratio of all included 184 subjects was 75.5% (95%CI=69.3-81.8). The found CIN2+ percentages for TP and SP, were 75.8% (95%CI 67.0-84.6) and 75.3% (95%CI 66.5-84.1) respectively. For all included subjects the variables hrHPV infection (p=0,008; OR=6.97) and HPV16 infection (p=0.004; OR=2.79) were statistically significant for having CIN2+ on histology. Conclusions: The found CIN2+/HSIL ratio of 75.5% in AML, Antwerp is similar to the percentages found in worldwide laboratories. HSIL positive women who are HPV16+ or hrHPV+ are at significant higher risk for invasive cervical disease. No statistically significant difference in CIN2+% was found between the two LBC techniques TP and SP.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76834660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}