Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology最新文献_第8页

Temperature and the temporal resolving power of fly photoreceptors. 蝇光感受器的温度和时间分辨能力。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050439

B Tatler, D C O'Carroll, S B Laughlin

引用次数: 75

Comparison of identified leg motoneuron structure and function between larval and adult Manduca sexta. 雌雄螳螂幼虫与成虫已鉴定的腿部运动神经元结构与功能比较。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050433

U Rose, R B Levine

{"title":"Comparison of identified leg motoneuron structure and function between larval and adult Manduca sexta.","authors":"U Rose, R B Levine","doi":"10.1007/s003590050433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050433","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent leg motoneurons of the moth Manduca sexta were investigated in larval and adult animals to compare their dendritic structures, intrinsic electrical properties and pattern of target innervation. The study focused on two identified motoneurons of the prothoracic leg. Despite the complete remodeling of leg muscles, the motoneurons innervated pretarsal flexor muscles in both larval and adult legs. Similarly, although the central dendrites regress and regrow, the branching pattern was similar with the exception of a prominent midline branch that was not present in the adult stage. The intrinsic electrical properties of the motoneurons differed between larval and adult stages. Larval motoneurons had significantly higher membrane input resistances and more depolarized resting membrane potentials than did motoneurons in pharate adults or adults. In all stages, one motoneuron had a low maximal firing frequency, whereas the second motoneuron, which innervated the other half of the muscle, had a high maximum firing frequency. Although the two motoneurons continued to innervate the same halves of the target muscle, their relative effects on muscular contraction were reversed during metamorphosis along with concomitant changes in intrinsic properties. Pretarsal flexor motoneurons in pharate adults (just prior to emergence) displayed properties similar to those in emerged adults.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 4","pages":"327-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21646212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The need for speed. I. Fast reactions and myelinated axons in copepods. 对速度的需求。桡足类动物的快速反应和髓鞘轴突。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050434

P H Lenz, D K Hartline, A D Davis

{"title":"The need for speed. I. Fast reactions and myelinated axons in copepods.","authors":"P H Lenz, D K Hartline, A D Davis","doi":"10.1007/s003590050434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050434","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid and powerful escape response decreases predation risk in planktonic copepods. Calanoid copepods are sensitive to small and brief hydrodynamic disturbances: they respond with multiple nerve impulses to a vibrating sphere. Some species, such as Pleuromamma xiphias and Labidocera madurae, respond with very large spikes (1-4 mV), whereas maximum spike heights are an order of magnitude smaller in others, such as Undinula vulgaris and Neocalanus gracilis. A comparative study of the escape responses showed that all species reacted within 10 ms of the initiation of a hydrodynamic stimulus. However, U. vulgaris and N. gracilis had significantly shorter reaction times (minimum reaction times: 1.5 ms and 1.6 ms) than the other two, P. xiphias (6.6 ms) and L. madurae (3.1 ms). Examination of the first antenna and the central nervous system using transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive myelination of sensory and motor axons in the two species with the shorter reaction times. Axons of the other two species resembled typical crustacean unmyelinated fibers. A survey of 20 calanoids revealed that none of the species in two of the more ancient superfamilies possessed myelin, but myelination was present in the species from three more recently-evolved superfamilies.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 4","pages":"337-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21646213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95

Auditory role of lateral trunk channels in cobitid fishes. 双头鱼侧干通道的听觉作用。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050428

H Kratochvil, F Ladich

{"title":"Auditory role of lateral trunk channels in cobitid fishes.","authors":"H Kratochvil, F Ladich","doi":"10.1007/s003590050428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050428","url":null,"abstract":"In cobitid fishes the anterior part of the swimbladder is encapsulated by bone to varying extent. This might diminish the auditory sensitivity of these otophysine fishes by reducing the vibrations of the swimbladder wall in the sound field. However, according to prior studies the auditory thresholds of the cobitid Botia modesta is similar to that of other otophysine fishes. According to anatomical investigation B. modesta has a cranial encapsulation of the anterior part of the swimbladder (camera aerea Weberiana) as expected and in addition special channels stretching laterally from the swimbladder to the outer body wall. These lateral trunk channels are filled with fat and lymph. They form a muscle-free acoustic window beneath the skin, which could be demonstrated by measuring the auditory brainstem response at 400 Hz, 800 Hz, 1500 Hz, and 3000 Hz. Filling the lateral trunk channels with wettex (cotton/rayon staple) resulted in an increase of the auditory thresholds by 13.6-17.6 dB, indicating mechanical damping of the swimbladder. Our experiments demonstrate that the intact lateral trunk channels enhance the hearing sensitivity of cobitid fishes.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 3","pages":"279-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21607801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Prey capture and accommodation in the sandlance, Limnichthyes fasciatus (Creediidae; Teleostei). 山中猎物的捕获和适应;Teleostei)。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050425

J D Pettigrew, S P Collin, K Fritsches

{"title":"Prey capture and accommodation in the sandlance, Limnichthyes fasciatus (Creediidae; Teleostei).","authors":"J D Pettigrew, S P Collin, K Fritsches","doi":"10.1007/s003590050425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050425","url":null,"abstract":"The eyes of the sandlance, Limnichthyes fas ciatus (Creediidae, Teleostei) move independently and possess a refractive cornea, a convexiclivate fovea and a non-spherical lens giving rise to a wide separation of the nodal point from the axis of rotation of the eye much like that of a chameleon. To investigate this apparent convergence of the visual optics in these phylogenetically disparate species, we examine feeding behaviour and accommodation in the sandlance with special reference to the possibility that sandlances use accommodation as a depth cue to judge strike length. Frame-by-frame analysis of over 2000 strikes show a 100% success rate. Explosive strikes are completed in 50 ms over prey distances of four body lengths. Close-up video confirms that successful strikes can be initiated monocularly (both normally and after monocular occlusion) showing that binocular cues are not necessary to judge the length of a strike. Additional means of judging prey distance may also be derived from partallax information generated by rotation of the eye as suggested for chameleons. Using photorefraction on anaesthetised sandlances, accommodative changes were induced with acetylcholine and found to range between 120 D and 180 D at a speed of 600-720 D s(-1). The large range of accommodation (25% of the total power) is also thought to be mediated by corneal accommodation where the contraction of a unique cornealis muscle acts to change the corneal curvatures.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 3","pages":"247-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21607798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Brain biogenic amines and reproductive dominance in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris). 大黄蜂(Bombus terrestris)脑生物胺与生殖优势。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050426

G Bloch, T Simon, G E Robinson, A Hefetz

引用次数: 80

Changes in the metabolic rate of the foraging honeybee: effect of the carried weight or of the reward rate? 觅食蜜蜂代谢率的变化:负重的影响还是奖励率的影响?

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050430

L Moffatt

{"title":"Changes in the metabolic rate of the foraging honeybee: effect of the carried weight or of the reward rate?","authors":"L Moffatt","doi":"10.1007/s003590050430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050430","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolic rate of free flying honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica) foraging on a multiple automatic feeder was measured in complete absence of perturbation. Each time the sucrose flow rate was doubled, the metabolic rate increased by 18.2 +/- 2.0% (14.7 microl CO2 min(-1) and final crop load by 25.1 +/- 2.4% (7.04 microl). The possibility that the heavier load carried by the bees caused the increase in the metabolic rate was analyzed in detail. It was found that, for the same weight in the crop, the metabolic rate increased with the increasing reward rate. Therefore, a factor other than the carried weight might account for this increase: a motivational drive, whose intensity may depend on the reward rate at the food source. Although at higher reward rates metabolic rate increased during the visit, at lower reward rates it remained constant, suggesting that the effect of the carried weight on the metabolic rate might be controlled by this motivational drive. The hypothesis that honeybees maximize individual efficiency by reducing their crop load loses support, as foraging costs are not determined by the carried weight. The functional meaning of the reduction in crop load would be to increase the informational exchange at the hive.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 3","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21607803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Serotonin and aggression: insights gained from a lobster model system and speculations on the role of amine neurons in a complex behavior. 羟色胺与攻击行为：从龙虾模型系统中获得的启示以及对胺神经元在复杂行为中作用的推测。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050423

E A Kravitz

{"title":"Serotonin and aggression: insights gained from a lobster model system and speculations on the role of amine neurons in a complex behavior.","authors":"E A Kravitz","doi":"10.1007/s003590050423","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s003590050423","url":null,"abstract":"The amine serotonin has been suggested to play a key role in aggression in many species of animals, including man. Precisely how the amine functions, however, has remained a mystery. As with other important physiological questions, with their large uniquely identifiable neurons, invertebrate systems offer special advantages for the study of behavior. In this article we illustrate that principal with a description of our studies of the role of serotonin in aggression in a lobster model system. Aggression is a quantifiable behavior in crustaceans, the amine neuron systems believed to be important in that behavior have been completely mapped, and key physiological properties of an important subset of these netirons have been defined. These results are summarized here, including descriptions of the \"gain-setter\" role and \"autoinhibition\" shown by these neurons. Results of other investigations showing socially modulated changes in amine responsiveness at particular synaptic sites also are described. In addition, speculations are offered about how important developmental roles served by amines like serotonin, which have been well described by other investigators, may be related to the behaviors we are examining. These speculations draw heavily from the organizational/activational roles proposed for steroid hormones by Phoenix et al. (1959).","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 3","pages":"221-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21607274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Octopamine modulates the sensitivity of silkmoth pheromone receptor neurons. 章鱼胺调节蚕蛾信息素受体神经元的敏感性。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050431

B Pophof

{"title":"Octopamine modulates the sensitivity of silkmoth pheromone receptor neurons.","authors":"B Pophof","doi":"10.1007/s003590050431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050431","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of octopamine and its antagonist epinastine on electrophysiological responses of receptor neurons of Antheraea polyphemus specialised to the pheromone components (E,Z)-6,11-hexadecadienyl acetate and (E,Z)-6,11-hexadecadienal were investigated. Injections of octopamine and epinastine into the moths had no effect on the transepithelial potential of the antennal-branch preparation nor on the spontaneous nerve impulse frequency in either type of receptor neuron. However, in the presence of continuous low-intensity pheromone stimulation, octopamine significantly increased the nerve impulse frequency in the acetate receptor neuron, but not in the aldehyde receptor neuron. Octopamine and epinastine had no significant effect on the receptor potential amplitudes elicited in both receptor neuron types by pheromone stimulation. However, the peak nerve impulse frequency in the response of both receptor neuron types to pheromone was significantly affected: decreased by epinastine and increased by octopamine over a broad range of pheromone concentrations. In control experiments, injection of physiological saline did not significantly alter the peak nerve impulse frequency. The effect of octopamine was established within 1 h after injection and persisted for about 4 h. The possibility of a direct action of octopamine on the nerve impulse generation by the receptor neurons is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 3","pages":"307-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21607804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

Introduction to the King Solomon lecture of Edward Kravitz. 爱德华·克拉维茨的所罗门王讲座简介。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050422

J Camhi

引用次数: 2