Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390018
P. French, D. Tanase, J. Goosen
{"title":"Sensors for Catheter Applications","authors":"P. French, D. Tanase, J. Goosen","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390018","url":null,"abstract":"Minimally invasive techniques enable diagnostics and surgery to be performed through a small incision. This greatly reduces the damage to healthy tissue leading to faster recovery times for the patient. However, the surgeon is deprived of the sensory feedback available with normal surgical techniques. Miniaturised sensors can provide this information about location, diagnostics and the treatment. This application severely limits the size of the device, with some catheters being less than 1 mm in diameter. Catheters are usually defined in multiples of 1/3 mm or 1 french. Further important issues are bio-compatibility, safety and the ability of the sensor to withstand the working environment. Sensors able to meet these demands are improving the efficiency of operations and are opening new opportunities for minimally invasive techniques.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116084251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390015
M. Tartagni, L. Altomare, R. Guerrieri, A. Fuchs, N. Manaresi, G. Medoro, R. Thewes
{"title":"Microelectronic Chips for Molecular and Cell Biology","authors":"M. Tartagni, L. Altomare, R. Guerrieri, A. Fuchs, N. Manaresi, G. Medoro, R. Thewes","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390015","url":null,"abstract":"The development of microfabricated devices manufactured in silicon, glass, or plastic materials is a well-known trend in the research of novel biological techniques and tools over the last two decades, resulting in a multitude of start-up companies serving the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and diagnostics markets. However, the idea of implementing such devices on microelectronic substrates has been introduced only recently. This chapter aims to describe the state-of-the-art of microsystems for molecular and cell biology produced in general purpose CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology, emphasizing the advantages of this approach along with their challenges and limitations. This chapter discusses significant examples of fully tested devices in comparison with existing state-of-the-art techniques.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122463369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390014
S. Peper, E. Bakker
{"title":"Fluorescent Ion‐Sensing Microspheres for Multiplexed Chemical Analysis of Clinical and Biological Samples","authors":"S. Peper, E. Bakker","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390014","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes recent advances in the development of chemically selective microspheres with a view to developing new, attractive methodologies in clinical and biomedical analysis. In particular, the development of fluorescent ion-selective microspheres that function analogously to established bulk optodes is discussed. The fluorescent signal is dependent on a selective ion extraction process into a hydrophobic bulk phase doped with selective complexing agents. A mild preparation process for making large numbers of such microspheres is reported. Among a multitude of different applications, these beads may be applied in analytical flow cytometry in order to form part of a total bead-based suspension array analysis system. Applications toward low detection limit measurements, as well as advances in polymer chemistry to develop plasticizer-free ion sensing beads, are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390013
A. Baschirotto, P. Malcovati
{"title":"Technology‐Driven Alternatives for Smart Sensor Interfaces","authors":"A. Baschirotto, P. Malcovati","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390013","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of integrated microsystems is continuously growing because of the combination of two trends: the progress of silicon sensor technology and the introduction of new techniques for interface circuits. In this chapter we show how different approaches to the implementation of smart sensor systems, basically driven by the available fabrication technologies, can lead to successful designs. Three examples are presented: a fully integrated current monitor, a biaxial accelerometer, and a rotational accelerometer. The current monitor is an example of single chip implementation. It supports two different operating ranges (20 A and 200 A full scale), provides digitally programmable gain and offset with an on-chip PROM, and achieves 9 bits of resolution and ± 0.6 LSB of linearity. The biaxial accelerometer and the rotational accelerometer are examples of implementations based on two chips in the same package. They achieve 80 dB of dynamic range with ± 1 g full-scale signal over a 30 Hz bandwidth and 38 dB of dynamic range with 200 rad/s2 full-scale signal over an 800 Hz bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132375458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390017
P. Öberg
{"title":"Optical Sensors in Medical Care","authors":"P. Öberg","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390017","url":null,"abstract":"Optical assessment of physiological parameters constitutes a group of measurement principles, which are very attractive because they often provide simple, non-invasive, continuous physiological monitoring conditions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Optical principles have been used in medical diagnosis since the dawn of the medical sciences. Well-known examples are the typical pallor of an anaemic patient or the yellowish skin of a baby with jaundice. Skin colours, and changes in skin colours, are typical for a number of infectious diseases. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The interest for diagnosis, based on optical principles, has increased in recent years, partly because of the availability of new instruments and methods utilizing new optical technology. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000For a long time optical instruments have been used for analysis of samples taken from the patient in the laboratory. In these types of instruments, an optical beam typically passes a cuvette containing the sample and properties of the sample can be extracted by analysing absorption or scattering of light from the sample. A newer trend is that data are collected directly from a patient, thereby eliminating the need of sample collection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper discusses the principles of three such optical diagnostic measurements: \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Near infrared spectroscopy, pulse oximetry, laser Doppler flowmetry/imaging. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000These three methods have been chosen as examples of bio-optical progress and because they represent technologies at various stages of introduction into use in health care.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129257354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390012
J. Lienemann, A. Greiner, J. Korvink, X. Xiong, Y. Hanein, K. Böhringer
{"title":"Modeling, Simulation, and Experimentation of a Promising New Packaging Technology: Parallel Fluidic Self-Assembly of Microdevices","authors":"J. Lienemann, A. Greiner, J. Korvink, X. Xiong, Y. Hanein, K. Böhringer","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390012","url":null,"abstract":"The parallel fluidic self-assembly of microdevices is a new technology that promises to speed up the production of complex microsystems made up of many separate parts. The technology brings many advantages. First, it enables a mix of chipmaking technologies for each of the component parts, with each technology selected for its particular technical or financial benefits. Second, it eliminates the need for pick-and-place assembly that would unnecessarily slow down any manual assembly technique. Third, it enables massively parallel assembly, almost independent of the number of parts involved, and thereby mimics the elegant parallelism inherent in microchip circuit manufacture. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In this chapter we explore this new technology with the ultimate goal of discovering the practical limits for its practical use in manufacturing real microsystems. The driving force of the assembly process is interface surface tension, and our approach is to find the simplest models that correctly describe the attachment, orientation, and bonding of parts to a suitably prepared substrate. We follow both an analytical and a numerical approach in describing the surface tension effects, the latter mainly to gain geometrical generality, and we couple modeling and simulation with suitable laboratory experiments. The ultimate goal of this work is to find practical design rules with which to select bond site geometries and the properties of participating liquids, and to find practical tolerances for all required geometrical and rheological parameters. This chapter extensively documents all results found to date, and carefully cites other work in this area.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125947802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390019
P. Hesketh, J. S. Bintoro, R. Luharuka
{"title":"Microvalve for Fuel Cells and Miniature Gas Chromatographic System","authors":"P. Hesketh, J. S. Bintoro, R. Luharuka","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390019","url":null,"abstract":"Microvalves are important for fluid control in a variety of applications, ranging from miniaturized chemical analysis systems, to precision manufacturing and miniature fuel cells. MEMS technology provides the opportunity to miniaturize valves that work with smaller sample volume, operate rapidly with low power and can potentially be integrated with other components on a single chip. A review of actuators for microvalves is provided, including electrostatic, magnetic, piezoelectric, thermal, shape memory alloy and hydrogel. The design and simulation of a magnetic latching microvalve is provided as a case study. The fabrication by surface micromachining with low temperature, potentially CMOS compatible processing is given.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125825908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-02-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390006
R. Aigner
{"title":"MEMS in RF Filter Applications: Thin‐film Bulk Acoustic Wave Technology","authors":"R. Aigner","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390006","url":null,"abstract":"RF-MEMS filters will replace conventional filters in mobile communication as they offer better performance at lower cost. Requirements and key performance parameters for filters in next-generation mobile applications are reviewed in detail. The fundamentals of RF-MEMS filters — and in particular thin-film bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters — are summarized in a comprehensive form. The state-of-the-art in BAW filters and future trends are presented. Supplementary information covers manufacturing and commercialization issues.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127308656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors UpdatePub Date : 2003-02-01DOI: 10.1002/SEUP.200390007
K. Reinhart, M. Illing
{"title":"Automotive Sensor Market","authors":"K. Reinhart, M. Illing","doi":"10.1002/SEUP.200390007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEUP.200390007","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 1970s electronic systems have found increasing use in the automobile. The value of electronics in cars has increased from near zero in the 1970s to almost 20% in a 2000 model mid-class car. In luxury cars this content is even higher. At the same time, electronics are responsible for the majority of innovations and thus contribute strongly to differentiate the car from competitor products. Essentially all of the electronics systems — be it engine management, safety systems or convenience features — need one or multiple sensor signals as input to their signal processing. Over 100 different sensor applications in the car are known; a full-featured luxury car typically contains 100 sensors or more. Therefore, the sensor market has seen at least as strong growth rates as the electronics market over the last two decades and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. This chapter gives an overview of the automotive sensor market. It starts with a general overview of market size and growth and puts it into perspective with other relevant markets such as the general sensor market and the electronics market. The major distinctive features of the automotive market are explained. Another section details some of the major trends in technologies, products and certain regions. Finally, various market segments are highlighted in more detail. In conclusion, an outlook on possible future developments is given.","PeriodicalId":154848,"journal":{"name":"Sensors Update","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123330053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}