{"title":"Particulate matter air pollution: effects on the respiratory system.","authors":"Robert B Hamanaka, Gökhan M Mutlu","doi":"10.1172/JCI194312","DOIUrl":"10.1172/JCI194312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution comprises a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components. Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with 4.7 million premature deaths per year. Among modifiable risk factors, air pollution exposure contributes to 8% of disability adjusted life years and ranks above factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, and high fasting plasma glucose. As the site of entry, exposure to PM air pollution causes respiratory symptoms and is a significant cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality. In this Review, we discuss the studies that link air pollution exposure with respiratory diseases. We review the epidemiological evidence linking PM exposure and lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. We also provide an overview of current knowledge about the mechanisms by which PM exerts its biological effects leading to adverse health effects in the respiratory system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":"135 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging concepts and shifting paradigms for understanding the microbial basis of inflammatory bowel diseases.","authors":"Megan S Kennedy, Eugene B Chang","doi":"10.1172/JCI193969","DOIUrl":"10.1172/JCI193969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex immune disorders that arise at the intersection of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Our understanding of the role of the microbiome in IBD has greatly expanded over the past few decades, although efforts to translate this knowledge into precision microbiome-based interventions for the prevention and management of disease have thus far met limited success. Here we survey and synthesize recent primary research in order to propose an updated conceptual framework for the role of the microbiome in IBD. We argue that accounting for gut microbiome context - elements such disease regionality, phase of disease, diet, medication use, and patient lifestyle - is essential for the development of a clear and mechanistic understanding of the microbiome's contribution to pathogenesis or health. Armed with better mechanistic and contextual understanding, we will be better prepared to translate this knowledge into effective and precise strategies for microbiome restitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":"135 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurcan Hastar, Hagit Daum, Nikoletta Kardos-Török, Gael Ganz, Leon Obendorf, Peter Vajkoczy, Orly Elpeleg, Petra Knaus
{"title":"A pathogenic variant of AMOT leads to isolated X-linked congenital hydrocephalus due to N-terminal truncation.","authors":"Nurcan Hastar, Hagit Daum, Nikoletta Kardos-Török, Gael Ganz, Leon Obendorf, Peter Vajkoczy, Orly Elpeleg, Petra Knaus","doi":"10.1172/JCI179438","DOIUrl":"10.1172/JCI179438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital hydrocephalus is a life-threatening condition that might affect brain development by increasing the pressure on the brain parenchyma. Here, we describe 6 male patients from 1 family, all presenting with an isolated X-linked congenital hydrocephalus. Exome sequencing identified a likely pathogenic variant of angiomotin (AMOT) that segregated with the phenotype in the extended family. We show that the variant, affecting the first methionine, translated into a shorter AMOT protein lacking 91 amino acids from the N-terminus. Mechanistically, we unraveled that the absence of the N-terminus leads to abnormally increased AMOT protein levels due to the loss of both the N-degron degradation signal and the tankyrase-binding domain. Altered degradation of AMOT disrupted the barrier integrity of the cells. Thus, the identified AMOT variant likely underlies the clinical presentation of isolated X-linked hydrocephalus in this family, and our data underscore the importance of tight regulation of AMOT protein level in the brain. AMOT now joins the list of genes involved in congenital hydrocephalus in humans. These findings are instrumental for the genetic counseling of affected families.</p>","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":"135 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When more isn't better: the surprising superiority of glycoprotein-only Marburg vaccines.","authors":"Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster","doi":"10.1172/JCI195933","DOIUrl":"10.1172/JCI195933","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":"135 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cerebrospinal fluid flow modulates brain health.","authors":"Lauren M Hablitz, Maiken Nedergaard","doi":"10.1172/JCI197202","DOIUrl":"10.1172/JCI197202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics play an important role in maintaining brain health and clearing metabolic waste from the brain. In this issue of the JCI, Gursky et al. investigate how CSF distribution is affected when its primary efflux pathway - the deep cervical lymph nodes - is disrupted by cauterization. This timely study reveals compensatory fluid drainage routes from the skull, age-dependent adaptations in CSF homeostasis, and the emergence of neuroinflammation when an efflux pathway is occluded. The findings underscore the need to better understand the physiological mechanisms governing CSF clearance, how these pathways evolve with aging, and whether CSF influx and efflux exhibit region-specific dynamics shaped by neuroanatomy. Additionally, the study raises important questions about whether peripheral injury can influence central nervous system states. A more complete understanding of CSF flow regulation may offer new perspectives on the origins of neuropathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":"135 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul J Meakin, Bethany M Coull, Zofia Tuharska, Christopher McCaffery, Ioannis Akoumianakis, Charalambos Antoniades, Jane Brown, Kathryn J Griffin, Fiona Platt, Claire H Ozber, Nadira Y Yuldasheva, Natallia Makava, Anna Skromna, Alan Prescott, Alison D McNeilly, Moneeza Siddiqui, Colin Na Palmer, Faisel Khan, Michael Lj Ashford
{"title":"Expression of Concern for Elevated circulating amyloid concentrations in obesity and diabetes promote vascular dysfunction.","authors":"Paul J Meakin, Bethany M Coull, Zofia Tuharska, Christopher McCaffery, Ioannis Akoumianakis, Charalambos Antoniades, Jane Brown, Kathryn J Griffin, Fiona Platt, Claire H Ozber, Nadira Y Yuldasheva, Natallia Makava, Anna Skromna, Alan Prescott, Alison D McNeilly, Moneeza Siddiqui, Colin Na Palmer, Faisel Khan, Michael Lj Ashford","doi":"10.1172/JCI199125","DOIUrl":"10.1172/JCI199125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":"135 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John S Cho, Eric M Pietras, Nairy C Garcia, Romela Irene Ramos, David M Farzam, Holly R Monroe, Julie E Magorien, Andrew Blauvelt, Jay K Kolls, Ambrose L Cheung, Genhong Cheng, Robert L Modlin, Lloyd S Miller
{"title":"Corrigendum to IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice.","authors":"John S Cho, Eric M Pietras, Nairy C Garcia, Romela Irene Ramos, David M Farzam, Holly R Monroe, Julie E Magorien, Andrew Blauvelt, Jay K Kolls, Ambrose L Cheung, Genhong Cheng, Robert L Modlin, Lloyd S Miller","doi":"10.1172/JCI198106","DOIUrl":"10.1172/JCI198106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":"135 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prostate tumor-mediated IFNG signaling primes myeloid cells in bone premetastatic niche for immunosuppressive IL10 signaling.","authors":"Mindy K Graham, Sarki A Abdulkadir","doi":"10.1172/JCI196347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI196347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15469,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}