Yoon-Jung Do, Yong-Il Kim, Sung-Hun Kim, Seong-Sik Kim, Soo-Byung Park, Youn-Kyung Choi
{"title":"Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Stages Evaluation for Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate to Assess Growth and Treatment Timing in East-Asian Population.","authors":"Yoon-Jung Do, Yong-Il Kim, Sung-Hun Kim, Seong-Sik Kim, Soo-Byung Park, Youn-Kyung Choi","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and compare them with cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages to determine the timing of treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The authors examined 230 patients with CLP (131 males and 99 females; mean age 9.3±5.6 y), categorized into unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) subgroups. The SOS and CVM stages were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and classified into 5 and 6 stages, respectively. Various regression analyses were performed to develop a model that could predict the SOS stage using CVM, chronological age, sex, and type of CLP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in the mean age of CVM and SOS stages by sex, with females being younger than males at all stages and having shorter periods between stages; however, no significant differences were observed between CLP types. CVM and SOS were similarly significantly correlated in females (r=0.86) and males (r=0.85), and were also significantly correlated by CLP type: UCLP (r=0.85) and BCLP (r=0.87). Prediction equations for SOS stage in patients with CLP using CVM stage, sex, and chronological age as predictors were developed; the explanatory power was 0.924 for males and 0.904 for females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with CLP, CVM, and SOS stages were strongly correlated with age and sex, but not with CLP type. These findings suggest that skeletal maturity indicators should be considered when determining the optimal timing of treatment for patients with CLP, potentially leading to more personalized and effective treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freek Bielevelt, Najiba Chargi, Joelle van Aalst, Marloes Nienhuijs, Thomas Maal, Hans Delye, Guido de Jong
{"title":"Automated Sella-Turcica Annotation and Mesh Alignment of 3D Stereophotographs for Craniosynostosis Patients Using a PCA-FFNN Based Approach.","authors":"Freek Bielevelt, Najiba Chargi, Joelle van Aalst, Marloes Nienhuijs, Thomas Maal, Hans Delye, Guido de Jong","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Craniosynostosis, characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures, can lead to significant neurological and developmental complications, necessitating early diagnosis and precise treatment. Traditional cranial morphologic assessment has relied on CT scans, which expose infants to ionizing radiation. Recently, 3D stereophotogrammetry has emerged as a noninvasive alternative, but accurately aligning 3D photographs within standardized reference frames, such as the Sella-turcica-Nasion (S-N) frame, remains a challenge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study proposes a novel method for predicting the Sella turcica (ST) coordinate from 3D cranial surface models using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with a Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN). The accuracy of this method is compared with the conventional Computed Cranial Focal Point (CCFP) method, which has limitations, especially in cases of asymmetric cranial deformations like plagiocephaly. A data set of 153 CT scans, including 68 craniosynostosis subjects, was used to train and test the PCA-FFNN model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrate that the PCA-FFNN approach outperforms CCFP, achieving significantly lower deviations in ST coordinate predictions (3.61 vs. 8.38 mm, P<0.001), particularly along the y-axes and z-axes. In addition, mesh realignment within the S-N reference frame showed improved accuracy with the PCA-FFNN method, evidenced by lower mean deviations and reduced dispersion in distance maps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of the PCA-FFNN approach to provide a more reliable, noninvasive solution for cranial assessment, improving craniosynostosis follow-up and enhancing clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Palatal Submucosal Flap Technique for Oroantral Fistula Repair.","authors":"Betül Gedik, Mehmet Ali Erdem","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oroantral fistula (OAF) is a pathological communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus, most commonly resulting from maxillary molar extractions. While traditional surgical techniques such as buccal advancement or palatal flaps have demonstrated efficacy in achieving closure, they may lead to complications including vestibular shortening, mucosal tension, and interference with prosthetic rehabilitation. This case report presents a novel technique for OAF closure involving the mobilization of palatal submucosal tissue anchored to the buccal bone, thereby eliminating the need for buccal flap advancement. Applied in 2 male patients with postextraction OAF, the method preserved soft tissue architecture, reduced surgical morbidity, and facilitated future prosthetic planning. Both patients exhibited complete closure without recurrence or significant postoperative complications. This approach offers a minimally invasive, anatomically respectful, and prosthetically favorable alternative to conventional OAF repair techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel 3D Approach for Assessing Bone Mineral Density After Alveolar Cleft Grafting: Comparison of Autografts and Synthetic Grafts.","authors":"Siqi Wei, Zhilu Zhang, Yongqian Wang","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is crucial for treating alveolar clefts in cleft lip and palate patients. While bone mineral density (BMD) is a key indicator of bone quality, traditional 2D measurement methods lack accuracy. This study introduces a novel 3D BMD assessment technique to compare autografts and synthetic grafts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis included 54 patients (36 autografts, 18 synthetic grafts) aged 8 to 12 years with unilateral alveolar clefts. Preoperative and postoperative CT scans (6 m) were processed using MIMICS software for 3D reconstruction. Newly formed bone regions were segmented, and mean HU were calculated. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were assessed through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and BMD differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The synthetic graft group exhibited significantly higher median BMD (636.38 HU) compared with autografts (483.88 HU, P<0.0001). The 3D method demonstrated excellent reliability, with ICCs >0.9 for both intraobserver and interobserver consistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The novel 3D BMD measurement method provides a reliable and comprehensive assessment of bone quality post-ABG. Synthetic grafts resulted in higher BMD, potentially offering superior bone regeneration outcomes in clinical practice. This technique enhances clinical evaluation and graft material selection for alveolar cleft repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fazilet Altin, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Kemal Devrim Isci Dt, Cemal Cingi
{"title":"The Relationship Between Lip Augmentation and Teeth Visibility: A Cosmetic Perspective.","authors":"Fazilet Altin, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Kemal Devrim Isci Dt, Cemal Cingi","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper aims to describe the ideal relationship between lips and teeth as 2 critical facial features to guide young doctors keen on lip augmentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, Proquest Central databases of Kirikkale University, and Google and Google Scholar databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a relationship between the visibility of teeth and the amount of tooth show and its attractiveness, but only if the gingival exposure is within the standard setting and between the upper central incisor tips if the buccal corridor is not exceeding 1 mm. A smile's visual expression and aesthetics do not simply involve the lips alone. Facial esthetics result from harmony between several minor factors, the combination of which determines the patient's overall appearance. For instance, when laughing with an open mouth, a person's teeth become visible. The need for lip enhancement is based on the patient's aesthetic goals, infrastructural tooth position/visibility, and stage of facial aging. To help achieve lip augmentation goals, facial aesthetic subunits, soft-tissue patterns, and bony landmarks should be considered. Lip augmentation is typically performed by adding volume through various means and materials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The authors must offer essential new data on the relationship between lip augmentation and teeth visibility. A given upper lip enhancement will make the maxillary incisors visible to a greater or lesser extent. However, there is limited research on what constitutes a prioritized single most crucial factor in promoting maxillary incisor visibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imran Ozdemir, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Mustafa B Karahan, Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez, Cemal Cingi
{"title":"How Propolis Prevents Nicotine-Related Lung Damage.","authors":"Imran Ozdemir, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Mustafa B Karahan, Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez, Cemal Cingi","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The authors aimed to investigate the protective effects of propolis extract, against lung damage caused by nicotine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed on 14 healthy male Wistar albino rats. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: group 1, nicotine group, control group (n=7), and group 2, the study group, nicotine+propolis extract group (n=7). In light of the studies conducted, 10 mg/kg of nicotine was administered intraperitoneally to the control and study groups daily for 8 weeks. At the same time, propolis extract (200 mg/kg/day) was given orally through gavage to the study group daily for 8 weeks. Histologically, bronchiole damage, hemorrhage, vascular congestion, and cellular infiltration in the interalveolar area were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bronchial damage, hemorrhage, vascular congestion, and cellular infiltration in the interalveolar area were statistically significantly lower in the nicotine+propolis extract group compared with the nicotine group. The lungs from the nicotine group, intense cellular inflammation was noted, particularly in the peribronchial and perivascular areas, along with significant damage to the bronchial epithelium, hemorrhage, and vascular congestion in the peribronchial and interalveolar areas. However, in the nicotine+propolis extract (200 mg/kg/day) group, damage and inflammation were reduced, with alveolar structures showing nearly typical histologic architecture with thin walls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Propolis could protect against nicotine-induced pulmonary damage by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and suppressing the expression of iNOS and TNF-α. The authors recommend performing new studies on humans to evaluate the protective effects of propolis on humans' nicotine-induced pulmonary damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyang Xie, Xueshan Bai, Ziying Guo, Liya Yang, Li Teng
{"title":"Exploring the Development and Future Directions of Facial Bone Contouring: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis From 2005 to 2025.","authors":"Zhiyang Xie, Xueshan Bai, Ziying Guo, Liya Yang, Li Teng","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to evaluate the global research landscape of facial bone contouring to identify current hotspots and future research directions. Data were extracted from Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and ArcGIS for bibliometric visualization, including annual publication trends, journals, authors, institutions, countries, and keywords. This bibliometric analysis examined 936 publications (2005-2025), showing consistent growth in publications. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery contributed the highest publication volume, while Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery exhibited the highest citation impact per article. China led in publication volume, followed by the US and South Korea. The top 5 research institutions were concentrated in China and South Korea, with Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College ranking first. Among authors, Gui Lai is the most productive, whereas Hu Jing received the highest citations per article. Keyword timezone analysis revealed 3 distinct research phases: technical foundation (2005-2011), technical refinement (2012-2017), and digitalization and interdisciplinary integration (2018-present). Facial bone contouring has become an increasingly popular area in plastic surgery. Bibliometric analysis reveals China, the US, and South Korea as the predominant contributors to this field. Current research hotspots include digital surgical techniques and facial gender-affirming surgery, while future directions should emphasize long-term outcome studies, international multicenter collaborations, and the integration of artificial intelligence with advanced biomaterials to drive innovation in surgical techniques and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erdem Bayrakci, Fakih C Eravci, Miyase Orhan, M Akif Eryilmaz
{"title":"Endoscopic Monitorization of Pediatric Tonsillectomy Bed After Cold Knife and Ligasure Technique.","authors":"Erdem Bayrakci, Fakih C Eravci, Miyase Orhan, M Akif Eryilmaz","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compares cold knife and Ligasure tonsillectomy techniques in pediatric patients, evaluating operation time, pain, complications, and short-term recovery outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-one patients who underwent tonsillectomy between March 2023 and March 2024 were randomly divided into 2 groups: 45 patients operated with the Ligasure technique and 46 underwent the cold knife technique. The pain scores were evaluated using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale on the first, third, and seventh days post-tonsillectomy. Wound healing was assessed through endoscopic image of the tonsillar surgical bed on the postoperative seventh day through analyzing and scoring the pinkish membrane. In addition, the incidence of bleeding was examined in each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The operative time was significantly shorter in the Ligasure group (P<0.001). Postoperative pain decreased over time in both groups (P<0.001), with no significant difference between the Ligasure and cold knife techniques (P=0.393). There were no cases of primary hemorrhage in either group; however, secondary hemorrhage was observed in 3 patients from the Ligasure group and 2 patients from the cold knife group. Wound healing >50% of the tonsillar bed area was noted in 47.3% of all patients, with 24 patients in the Ligasure group, compared with 19 patients in the cold knife group (P=0.250).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that Ligasure tonsillectomy has a shorter operative time, similar pain levels, and slightly better wound healing compared with the cold knife technique. The Ligasure tonsillectomy might be an efficient, secure, and rapid method.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberta Barlattani, Mirko Martelli, Liliana Ottria, Luca Fiorillo, Marco Cicciu, Marco Gargari, Alessio Rosa
{"title":"Temporomandibular Joint and Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Functional Considerations.","authors":"Alberta Barlattani, Mirko Martelli, Liliana Ottria, Luca Fiorillo, Marco Cicciu, Marco Gargari, Alessio Rosa","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, starting from the revision of literature and traditional anatomy, the authors propose to value the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its components through dissections of human TMJ, and to examine the anatomic function of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Twenty left human TMJ were dissected. Every block was fixed in a solution of 10% formalin and dissections were made to show every articulation component. Furthermore, thin sections were prepared for histologic examination. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the lateral pterygoid muscle as a single unit compared with the function.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Quan Zhang, Jin-Peng Wu, Le Yu, Chong-Hui Zhang, Hong-Liang Zhang, Pin Guo, Yu-Gong Feng, Zhen-Wen Cui
{"title":"Association Between Spinal Cord Injury and Cognitive Impairment, and the Mediating Role of Inflammation.","authors":"Wen-Quan Zhang, Jin-Peng Wu, Le Yu, Chong-Hui Zhang, Hong-Liang Zhang, Pin Guo, Yu-Gong Feng, Zhen-Wen Cui","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011593","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI), typically resulting from trauma or cranial surgery, often causes motor and sensory deficits and may also impair brain function, leading to cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cognitive decline. Growing evidence implicates systemic inflammation as a key mediator of SCI-related cognitive impairment, yet clinical validation remains limited. This study explores the association between SCI and cognitive dysfunction, with a focus on the mediating role of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort of 157 participants (SCI patients and controls) at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (January 2023-October 2024) was analyzed. Neurological impairment (ASIA) and acute-phase inflammatory markers (NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII) were assessed. MoCA evaluated cognitive function at 3 months. Logistic regression and mediation analysis quantified associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCI patients had a 151% higher risk of cognitive impairment than controls (adjusted OR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.82-3.64), especially among older adults, those with lower education, and hypertensive individuals. NLR and SII mediated 12% and 16% of the association, respectively; PLR showed a weaker effect (6%). LMR mediated 11% ( P =0.02) but had a protective direct effect (β=0.79), indicating possible compensatory mechanisms. Smoking and alcohol use further increased risk, while higher education was protective (OR=0.38).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic inflammation partially mediates SCI-related cognitive decline, with NLR and SII as key contributors. Blood-based inflammatory markers may aid in risk stratification and guide anti-inflammatory, lifestyle-based interventions to improve cognitive outcomes in SCI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}