Journal of Craniofacial Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Pan Immune Inflammation Index: A New Biomarker for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Turgay Zirih, Zerrin Ozergin Coskun, Ünal Şahin, Özlem Çelebi Erdivanli, Metin Çeliker, Mehmet Birinci, Tuğba Yemiş, Oğuz Gül, Emre Balaban, Engin Dursun","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The authors' study aimed to calculate and evaluate the inflammatory parameters of preoperative and postoperative hemograms of patients who underwent obstructive sleep apnea surgery. The authors also aimed to compare these parameters with the patients' clinical and polysomnography (PSG) results and investigate their role in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and assessing disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 78 OSA patients, including 39 with mild and 39 with severe OSA who underwent palatal surgery, were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty patients with simple snoring and an AHI below 5 in PSG were included in the control group. Demographic data, body mass index, postoperative follow-up period, preoperative and postoperative PSG results, and the patients' blood parameters were evaluated. The panimmune inflammation index, systemic immune response index, systemic immune inflammation index, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios were compared with the patients' clinical data and PSG results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences between the blood parameters of the OSA patient group and the control group. Lymphocyte and monocyte values were significantly higher in OSA patients compared with the control group. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between the apnea index (AI) and the panimmune inflammation index (PII) in OSA patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea is a disease that affects the entire body and causes systemic inflammation. In this study, lymphocyte and monocyte values were identified as high markers of chronic inflammation in OSA patients. AI values and the Panimmune inflammation index demonstrated a positive correlation. It is believed that the Panimmune inflammation index may be significant in the diagnosis and follow-up of OSA compared with other hematological indices, and it may be further developed and utilized in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preexpanded Parafrontal Median Flap in the Repair of Pigmented Nevus in the Middle Face: An Effective Approach.","authors":"Yinke Tang, Yu Zhang, Feifei Chu, Jianke Ding, Yongming Zhang, Xingsheng Liu, Xianjie Ma","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This clinical study described the application of the preexpanded paramedian frontal flap in the repair of midfacial congenital melanocytic nevus to summarize the aesthetic effects of this facial repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors analyzed data from 15 patients (8 males and 7 females) who underwent median facial pigmented nevus repair with a preexpanded parafrontal median flap. The operation was divided into 3 stages as follows: tissue expander implantation under the prefrontal area, the flap with pedicled transfer after nevus removal after 2 to 3 months of expansion, and the vascular pedicle cut as a delayed operation 3 weeks later and then the flap pedicle was severed. Also, the residual pigment nevus was repaired, and the flap pedicle was restored to the forehead. During the follow-up, the necessary flap thinning and hair removal were performed. Demographic information, site and area of nevus, operative procedure, and complications were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The complications of expander implantation contained hematoma (n = 1) and incision dehiscence (n = 2), but they had no effects on the overall repair after symptomatic treatment. All transferred flaps had good blood supply. Six patients were treated with flap thinning, and 13 cases of distal flaps were treated with laser hair removal. The color, texture, and thickness of the repaired flap were consistent with the facial recipient area with an unobvious surgical scar, no contractures on the middle facial organs and tissues, and no obvious eyebrow displacement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preexpanded paramedian frontal flap could be an effective way to repair a large area of midfacial pigmented nevus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Correction of Facial Torsion in Nonsyndromic Unicoronal Craniosynostosis: Does Time Heal All?","authors":"Sebastian M A Brooke, Rachel Z J Zhang, Jonathan A Burge","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unicoronal synostosis creates facial asymmetry typified by torsion of the midface to the contralateral side. Whether the facial tort corrects spontaneously after frontal orbital advancement surgery remains debatable. The authors aimed to evaluate the degree of clinically evident spontaneous correction of facial torsion after bifrontal orbital advancement. The authors performed a retrospective review of nonsyndromic unicoronal craniosynostosis patients treated with frontal orbital advancement between 1994 and 2016 by evaluating preoperative and postoperative clinical photographs. Preoperative and postoperative facial torsion was serially measured on AP photographs by angulation of the nasal tip from the mid-sagittal plane. Facial torsion was classified as perceptible or not perceptible for qualitative review and angle measurements were recorded for quantification. Sixty-two patients were included. The mean age at surgery was 11 months with the mean follow-up of 57 months. Two hundred sixty-three photographs were reviewed. Mean nasal tip angulation was 6.2±2.1 degrees at the first review with a correction of 1.6±1.82 degrees observed at the final review. All patients had persistent perceptible facial torsion. A statistically significant correction of facial torsion by 1.6 degrees was present but did not lead to a perceptible improvement in facial torsion. The qualitative evaluation demonstrated that perceptible facial torsion was present in both short-term and long-term postoperative photographs in all cases. Although the severity of perceptible asymmetry was not quantified, a subjective degree of perceptible facial torsion preoperatively was unchanged in long-term follow-up despite statistically significant quantitative correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Alternative Suture Technique in Rhinoplasty: Septoalar Suspension Suture.","authors":"Ibrahim Erdim, Ahmet Berkan Bilir","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness of a suture technique called septoalar suspension suture (SASS) on the nasolabial angle (NLA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2017 and 2023, 64 patients who were operated using this suture technique were objectively evaluated by measuring their NLAs preoperatively and more than 1 year postoperatively. Besides, patient satisfaction was evaluated subjectively by filling out the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire preoperatively and more than 1 year postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64 patients were included in the study. There were 29 male and 35 female patients. The mean age of male patients was 27.52 ± 6.41 years, and the mean age of female patients was 24.91 ± 5.63 years. There was no significant difference between the mean ages of male and female patients (P = 0.071). A significant difference was found between the preoperative and postoperative values of ROE scores both in all patients, and in male or female patients (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found in terms of preoperative and postoperative changes of NLAs both in all patients, and in male or female patients (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed in terms of preoperative and postoperative changes in failure scores both in all patients, and in male or female patients (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the authors' study, they found that SASS is effective in adjusting NLA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling a Decade of Misdiagnosis and Suffering: A Pioneering Diagnostic and Therapeutic Breakthrough in Resolving Chronic Oromandibular Dystonia After Years of Failed Multidisciplinary Approaches.","authors":"Mohammed Rhael Ali, Basim Ali Qasim, Elham Hazeim Abdulkareem","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a rare movement disorder affecting the jaw muscles, causing speech, swallowing, t, T, and other oral movement difficulties. Patients are initially diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders, or neuralgias, and receive no adequate treatment for an average of 4 years. The study aims to assess the management outcome through botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injection in patients with chronic OMD who failed initial multidisciplinary approaches. An interventional prospective anti-RET study was set between October 2021 and May 2024 with 12 OMD patients who did not respond to other treatments. Botox was injected into the LP and MM using a standardized pattern and dosage. The measurable evaluation goals included mouth opening and functional aspects of eating and speaking, which were evaluated at times up to 1 year. The treatment efficacy was assessed based on paired t tests as repeated measures ANOVA. Favourable changes were observed that anticipated the earlier results; the mean pretreated mouth opening augmented from 1.2 to 3.6 cm (P < 0.001) after treatment. Functional improvements were observed in eating and speaking at a level of 75%. In 66.7% of the patients, a sustained benefit was reported at 12 months, although had a 25% relapse rate. Precise injections of Botox lead to striking clinical improvement and lasting effects in the greatest patients with OMD. Although most enjoyed long-term positive outcomes, some patients' relapses assert further constant follow-up. The overall effectiveness of OMD management may be greatly enhanced by properly identifying symptoms as early as possible and the subsequent treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory Function in Greenhouse Workers With Allergic Rhinitis Assessed by Sniffin' Sticks Testing.","authors":"Mustafa Altintaş, Murat Kar, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Cemal Cingi","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The authors assessed olfactory perceptual ability in greenhouse workers with allergic rhinitis (AR) using the Sniffin' Sticks test battery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group (group 1) was formed from 51 greenhouse workers with allergic rhinitis (AR) (group 1) in the Antalya Province of Turkey. The control group (group 2) was formed from 49 healthy volunteers. The olfactory perception was assessed for each subject enrolled in the trial utilizing the Sniffin' Sticks' odorous felt-tipped pens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences between the scores obtained for pen 6 and pen 12, which the study group could not correctly identify (P<0.05). Overall, the score for the groups was also significantly different, with the study group (group 1) having a lower olfactory perceptual ability (9.39±2.87) than the control group (10.4±2.19) (P<0.05). Within the study group (group 1), men and women did not differ in total scores (P=0.791). The authors noted that 19.6% of the study group was anosmic, compared with 10.2% in the controls. 27.5% of the study group were hyposmic, and 52.9% were normosmic. In the control group, 22.4% were hyposmic, and 67.3% were normosmic (P=0.274, χ2=2.588).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, a decrease in total odor score was detected in greenhouse workers with allergic rhinitis, and this decrease did not correlate with working duration. Gases and pesticides encountered in greenhouse areas may also affect this olfactory decrease. Smoking also affected the total odor scores as they decreased. The use of protective masks and clothes may play a preventive role.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SMAD6 Variants on Neurodevelopment in Craniosynostosis.","authors":"Isabelle Verlut, Sofia Guernouche, Massimiliano Rossi, Alexandru Szathmari, Pierre A Beuriat, Nicolas Chatron, Julie Chauvel-Picard, Carmine Mottolese, Pauline Monin, Matthieu Vinchon, Corinne Collet, Federico Di Rocco","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some pathogenic variants in Smad6 are implicated in midline craniosynostosis, particularly in metopic synostosis. These variants increase the risk of both nonsyndromic and syndromic presentations. Craniosynostosis, whether treated surgically or not, can be associated with developmental delays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors aimed to assess developmental outcomes in children with craniosynostosis carrying a Smad6 variant. A cohort of children who underwent craniosynostosis surgery at the national reference center for craniosynostosis at Lyon University Hospital (2018-2023) was studied. Children with Smad6 variants were followed postsurgery to evaluate their neuropsychological development. Evaluations were conducted by a multidisciplinary team comprising neurosurgeons, clinical geneticists, and neuropsychologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 249 patients with craniosynostosis, 11 were identified with Smad6 variants. Of these, 7 presented with trigonocephaly, 2 with scaphocephaly, and 2 with oxycephaly. Patients with SMAD6 gene variants followed by the department were between 18 and 121 months, with a sex ratio of 6 girls to 5 boys. None of these children exhibited cardiac abnormalities. Mild walking and/or language acquisition delays are observed in 8 children, 5 of them benefit from ambulatory-specific care, and only one cannot benefit from a normal schooling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neuropsychological follow-up is crucial for children with craniosynostosis. Most patients with SMAD6 variants show mild to moderate effects, with developmental scores normalizing with appropriate therapies. However, the impact of Smad6, especially in cases with additional variants, requires further study. Early intervention remains key to optimizing cognitive and behavioral outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating AI Chatbots for Preoperative and Postoperative Counseling for Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis.","authors":"Taylor Kring, Srihitha Akula, Soumil Prasad, Eric Sokhn, Seth R Thaller","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a craniofacial procedure frequently performed in pediatric patients with micrognathia airway obstruction. Preoperative and postoperative counseling for families undergoing this procedure is essential involving a multistage surgical course, device management, feeding changes, and airway considerations. This study evaluates the trustworthiness and readability of AI (artificial intelligence) chatbot responses to questions about operative care for MDO. Study was conducted using ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, and Open Evidence. Twenty common preoperative and postoperative care questions relating to MDO were developed. The authors used a modified DISCERN tool to assess quality and the SMOG (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) test to evaluate response readability. Data underwent statistical analysis using descriptive statistics, 1-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD. Modified DISCERN analysis revealed clear aims and relevancy scored the highest (mean=4.92 SD=0.31; mean=4.64, SD=0.62). Additional sources provided and citation of sources had the lowest means (mean=2.19 SD=1.52; mean=2.93 SD=1.96). Microsoft Copilot scored the highest in overall quality (mean=38.10 versus ChatGPT=29.90, P<0.001). Open Evidence scored lowest in shared decision-making (mean=1.80 SD=1.10). Effect sizes were large for source-related variables, with eta-squared values >0.75. Significant differences in readability across all AI models were found (mean=17.31 SD=3.59, P<0.001), indicating the average response was at a graduate school reading level. Open Evidence (mean=22.24) produced higher SMOG reading scores than ChatGPT (mean=15.89), Google Gemini (mean=15.66), and Microsoft Copilot (mean=15.44) (P<0.001). These findings highlight a need for reviewing the reliability of AI chatbots in preoperative and postoperative counseling for MDO.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Skeletal Reconstruction Using a Pasteurized Autogenous Bone Reimplantation With a Musculocutaneous Flap.","authors":"Ko Nakao, Takako Fujii, Ichiro Tanaka, Hisashi Sakuma","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone pasteurization, which treats resected bone at high temperatures to eradicate malignant cells, is an option for preparing an autogenous bone graft for the reconstruction of a bone defect during the resection of malignancies. The authors here report 2 cases that received mandibular bone reconstruction and occipital bone reconstruction with a pasteurized bone (PB) graft. Patient 1: a patient with oral floor cancer underwent tumor resection and immediate reconstruction using a pasteurized mandibular bone covered with a free rectus abdominis flap. Patient 2: a patient with synovial sarcoma of the head received tumor resection followed by reconstruction using a pasteurized occipital bone covered by a trapezius musculocutaneous flap. Postoperative recurrence was not evident in both patients, and functional and esthetic outcomes were favorable. The pasteurization method may provide a feasible option for the reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial region when the patient's condition does not allow the sacrifice of donor bone and cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Aphrodite to Algorithm: Assessing the Unassessable.","authors":"Kun Hwang","doi":"10.1097/SCS.0000000000011542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the evolving efforts to quantify beauty, tracing its path from mythological ideals to modern algorithms. Inspired by the legendary face of Helen of Troy-the mortal echo of Aphrodite-whose beauty \"launched a thousand ships,\" the authors interrogate whether beauty, once considered divine and ineffable, can now be assessed with scientific precision. Historical attempts to define beauty, from Polykleitos's canon to the golden ratio and Vitruvian symmetry, have shaped artistic and medical ideals. In plastic surgery, these concepts have been further formalized through cephalometric analyses and surgical guidelines. Contemporary tools, including the Marquardt Phi Mask, facial attractiveness scores, and deep learning models like those trained on SCUT-FBP5500, promise objective evaluations of beauty. Yet these algorithmic assessments-often validated through human raters or crowd-sourced platforms-reveal troubling limitations. They risk homogenizing aesthetic standards, marginalizing ethnic variation, and fostering unrealistic expectations in patients influenced by augmented reality filters and AI-driven ideals. While these metrics aid in reconstructive and aesthetic planning, they cannot encompass the cultural, emotional, or historical depth that beauty represents. The plastic surgeon now navigates between myth and machine, caught between ancient archetypes and algorithmic precision. Helen becomes not just a metaphor but a measurement-a reminder that beauty can be sought, approximated, even modified, but not fully captured. This paper argues that while measurement has its place, beauty ultimately resists full quantification. Between Aphrodite and algorithm lies the responsibility to treat not only form, but meaning-with empathy, imagination, and humility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}