{"title":"Forecasts of CMB E-mode anomalies for AliCPT-1","authors":"Jiazheng Dou and Wen Zhao","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/101","url":null,"abstract":"The standard ΛCDM model has been highly successful in describing cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations. Nevertheless, a set of large-scale statistical anomalies persists in temperature anisotropies across WMAP and Planck. CMB E-mode polarization offers an independent probe of these anomalies, circumventing the look-elsewhere effect inherent in temperature-only analyses. In this paper, we forecast the capability of the Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT), a ground-based CMB experiment in the Northern Hemisphere, to detect such anomalies in large-scale E-mode polarization. Using 1000 unconstrained simulations processed with the NILC component separation method, we evaluate four anomaly estimators: dipole modulation, lack of large-angle correlations, quadrupole-octopole alignment, and point-parity asymmetry. Our analysis considers two noise levels for AliCPT, the goal configuration of the Simons Observatory (SO) Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) alone, and a joint AliCPT+SO configuration. For dipole modulation, we validate the local variance estimator on modulated simulations with an input amplitude Ad = 0.07, and find that the combined AliCPT+SO dataset is likely to detect the injected E-mode modulation at a 99% confidence level. Tests of the full suite of anomaly statistics on unconstrained isotropic simulations indicate that AliCPT alone, owing to its limited sky coverage, might introduce systematic biases or enlarged uncertainties, especially for quadrupole-octopole alignment and point-parity asymmetry. The combination with SO largely restores the statistical distributions to those expected in an ideal full-sky scenario, thereby establishing a near-cosmic-variance benchmark for upcoming anomaly investigations.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distinguishing black holes and neutron stars via optical images illuminated by thick accretion disks","authors":"Chen-Yu Yang and Xiao-Xiong Zeng","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/100","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the optical images of neutron stars within the framework of the radiatively inefficient accretion flow model, taking into account a polytropic equation of state. After obtaining the numerical solutions of the neutron star, we solved numerically the geodesic equations together with the radiative transfer equation. We mainly examine the effects of the polytropic index N and the observer inclination angle θo on the image morphology. The obtained images are also compared with the shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is shown that, under the assumption that photon trajectories are terminated at the neutron star surface, the image exhibits a bright higher order structure surrounding an inner dark region. As N increases, the size of the higher order image gradually expands. As θo increases, the obscuration of the neutron star silhouette by radiation originating outside the equatorial plane becomes more pronounced. Compared with the black hole shadow obtained under the same parameter configuration, the neutron star exhibits a larger higher order image and a more extended obscured inner dark region, whereas the higher order image of the black hole is more readily distinguishable. These results indicate significant differences in the optical appearance of neutron stars and black holes, and thus provide a theoretical basis for distinguishing between them through high resolution imaging.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148588983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriele Perna, Nicola Bellomo, Vincenzo Roatti and Daniele Bertacca
{"title":"From the solar system to cosmological distances: a complete formalism for gravitational wave astrometry","authors":"Gabriele Perna, Nicola Bellomo, Vincenzo Roatti and Daniele Bertacca","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/102","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of a gravitational wave background (GWB) can be established not only via exquisitely precise pulsar timing array (PTA) measurements, but also via astrometric observations. Indeed, the very same background responsible for the delay in the arrival time of pulse causes an apparent displacement of galactic objects as stars and asteroids. In this work we provide a framework that allows to derive the displacement of sources overcoming the usually adopted “infinite distance” approximation. We also present how this formalism can be used to study the displacements of objects at distances comparable to the GW wavelength, as asteroids, and of objects with a non-trivial three-dimensional distribution, as stars in the Milky Way. Thus, it can be used to probe frequencies beyond PTA experiments, reaching the mHz GWs, also detectable by LISA. We forecast the capability of observing the astrometric deflection induced by a GWB evaluating the harmonic signal-to-noise ratio including correlations between different probes. We find an SNR greater than one for the relevant cases considered and as a consequence a promising Fisher forecast, suggesting a constraining power up to the percent level for a flat background.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148588994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accretion-driven squeezing of fuzzy dark matter halo cores in the Schrödinger-Newton framework","authors":"Chon-Fai Kam, Chi-Sheng Chen and En-Jui Kuo","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/098","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the impact of accretion onto supermassive black holes on the density profiles of a fuzzy dark matter soliton core at the center of a dark matter halo. Treating the supermassive black hole at the galactic center as a point mass, we numerically solve the Schrödinger-Newton equation for the scalar field. We find that the time-dependent perturbation induces a pronounced squeezing of the soliton profile, simultaneously shrinking the core size and increasing the central density. These results clarify how black hole growth can reshape fuzzy-dark-matter structures and may help reconcile tensions in observed galactic core properties.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karim Carrion, Francisco X. Linares Cedeño, Gabriel Germán and Juan Carlos Hidalgo
{"title":"Bayesian analysis of α-Starobinsky model with Planck, ACT and DESI data","authors":"Karim Carrion, Francisco X. Linares Cedeño, Gabriel Germán and Juan Carlos Hidalgo","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/095","url":null,"abstract":"We present a joint Bayesian analysis to impose constraints on the generalized α-Starobinsky inflationary model using the high-precision cosmological datasets: Planck, CMB lensing from ACT DR6, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from DESI DR2. For the parameter inference, we introduce an alternative sampling approach. Rather than imposing priors on the cosmological parameters of the inflationary potential (V0, α, N*), we place priors directly on the primordial physical observables (As, ns, r) through analytical slow-roll consistency relations. Our pipeline internally maps these sampled observables to the corresponding α-Starobinsky parameters. These values are then passed to a modified version of CLASS, which solves the exact inflationary dynamics numerically. This pipeline ensures that the final reported posteriors for the observables are computed exactly, completely free from the slow-roll approximation. Applying this methodology, we explore the viability of the α-Starobinsky model. We show that, when the full combined dataset is considered, the pure Starobinsky model (i.e., the canonical limit α = 1) shows signs of breaking down, since it requires a large number of e-folds of inflation after horizon crossing (N* > 60) due to the shift in the scalar spectral index, ns. In contrast, allowing the deformation parameter α as a free parameter yields a clear 1σ preference for log10α > 0, present across all datasets. Notably, we also show that the addition of ACT DR6 lensing data introduces no significant impact on these primordial constraints, confirming that our robust posteriors are primarily driven by Planck and DESI measurements.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming-Feng Ho, Mahdi Qezlou, Simeon Bird, Yanhui Yang, Camille Avestruz, M.A. Fernandez and Vid Iršič
{"title":"Small-scale Lyman alpha forest cosmology with PRIYA: constraints from XQ100 and KODIAQ-SQUAD one-dimensional flux power spectra","authors":"Ming-Feng Ho, Mahdi Qezlou, Simeon Bird, Yanhui Yang, Camille Avestruz, M.A. Fernandez and Vid Iršič","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/094","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new cosmological analysis of the small-scale Lyman-α forest 1D flux power spectrum (P1D) using high-resolution quasar spectra from XQ100 and KODIAQ-SQUAD, interpreted through the PRIYA emulator. PRIYA is a suite of galaxy formation simulations spanning a range of cosmological and inhomogeneous He ii reionization parameters, enabling few-percent-level predictions of the P1D. These datasets, probing down to k ∼ 6 h Mpc-1 at z = 2-5, offer access to non-linear scales inaccessible to large-volume surveys like eBOSS. We find that the XQ100 P1D yields constraints on the primordial power spectrum parameters (AP, nP) at pivot scale k0 = 0.78 Mpc-1 that are consistent with PRIYA results from eBOSS DR14 and Planck CMB, albeit with broader uncertainties. Notably, this is achieved without external IGM temperature data, showing that XQ100 alone provides stronger constraints on thermal history than eBOSS DR14. In contrast, the KODIAQ-SQUAD P1D favors a significantly higher AP value, driven by the selection bias toward high-column density absorbers (HCDs). We also find that the P1D at k > 0.045 s/km is more sensitive to Lyman limit system contamination and thermal history. When imposing a prior on (AP, nP), the reduced χ2 remains unchanged and the inferred mean IGM temperature is unaffected, suggesting that cosmological and thermal parameters are largely sensitive to different scales. The XQ100 P1D therefore provides complementary information on thermal nuisance parameters, which can be jointly fit with eBOSS or DESI P1D measurements to improve cosmological constraints.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anirban Roy, Anthony R. Pullen, Patrick C. Breysse and Rachel S. Somerville
{"title":"Investigating the reionization epoch through 21 cm and line intensity mapping experiments","authors":"Anirban Roy, Anthony R. Pullen, Patrick C. Breysse and Rachel S. Somerville","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/093","url":null,"abstract":"The epoch of reionization (EoR), marking the Universe's transition from a neutral to ionized state, represents a pivotal phase for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies. Intensity mapping of atomic and molecular lines, such as [CII] and CO J-ladder transitions, across a broad redshift range is a powerful tool for investigating star formation history, metallicity, the distribution of gas and dust, and the physical conditions within galaxies. Additionally, 21 cm line intensity mapping directly probes the neutral hydrogen content in the intergalactic medium, offering a unique window into the timing and morphology of reionization. In this study, we explore the cross-correlation between the 21 cm signal and multi-line intensity mapping (LIM) to forecast their detectability for next-generation experiments. Our analysis emphasizes the complementary potential of these techniques to constrain parameters such as the minimum mass of ionizing sources and the ionization fraction xe. Cross-correlations with LIM also enable constraints on physical properties like metal enrichment and the relationship between star formation rates and multi-line luminosities. Using mock observations from Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO)-like 21 cm and Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST)-like LIM experiments, we find that the [CII]-21 cm cross-correlation can constrain reionization history by measuring xe across multiple redshift bins with significance levels ranging from 9 to 40σ. We extend our analysis to CO transitions, showing that the CO(1-0)–21 cm cross-correlation provides competitive constraints on reionization parameters. The synergies explored here will enable robust constraints on both reionization and LIM parameters, maximizing the scientific return of current and next-generation intensity mapping experiments.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complex inflaton potentials with nonminimal coupling: Robust inflation and geometric reheating","authors":"Sergio Dias Campos","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/097","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate an inflationary scenario driven by a complex scalar field nonminimally coupled to gravity and subject to a non-symmetric complex potential. The real part of the potential controls the cosmological background and realizes a plateau-type inflation compatible with α-attractor T-models. In contrast, the imaginary part acts as an effective non-Hermitian deformation encoding dissipative effects. Working in the Jordan frame and imposing ghost-free conditions on the effective Planck mass, we derive the background equations and define a complex equation-of-state parameter whose real part governs the expansion and whose imaginary part quantifies departures from conservative dynamics. Numerical integration shows that the duration of inflation is primarily controlled by the nonminimal coupling ζ. On the other hand, the complex asymmetry parameter Δε has a negligible impact on the real background: the real energy density and pressure vary by less than 10-5 as Δε is scanned over its allowed range. Mapping the two-field dynamics to an effective single-field description in the Einstein frame, we obtain a spectral index ns ≃ 0.968–0.971 and a tensor-to-scalar ratio r < 10-3, fully consistent with Planck 2018 bounds. We introduce a relevance parameter and show that non-Hermitian effects remain strongly suppressed during slow roll but grow to 𝒪(1) near the end of inflation, triggering an efficient reheating phase without additional fields or ad hoc friction terms. In this sense, the imaginary sector behaves as an effective 𝒫𝒯-symmetric channel for energy transfer, providing a geometrical mechanism for inflation and its exit within a non-Hermitian scalar-tensor framework. We additionally construct a minimal toy model in which the inflaton decays into baryon-number-carrying fermionic degrees of freedom and demonstrate that a complex inflaton sector is capable of generating a baryon asymmetry of the empirically observed order of magnitude for theoretically reasonable reheating temperatures and 𝒞𝒫-violating decay asymmetries.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seeing wiggles without seeing wiggles: BAO recovery in 21 cm intensity mapping with deep learning","authors":"Kaifeng Yu and Xin Wang","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/091","url":null,"abstract":"The 21 cm intensity mapping provides a promising probe of the large-scale structure. Astrophysical foregrounds, as the main source of contamination to the cosmological 21 cm signal, persist in a wedge-like region of Fourier space due to the inherent chromaticity in radio interferometric observations. The foreground avoidance strategy focuses on utilizing data from relatively clean regions with minimal foreground leakage, at the cost of losing large-scale information. Non-linear structure formation, however, couples Fourier modes across scales, leaving imprints of the missing large-scale modes in the remaining data. In this work, we employ a deep learning approach based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to test whether large-scale features of the 21 cm brightness temperature fields, particularly the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), can be recovered at the field level using only short-wavelength modes that are beyond the linear scales. To explicitly assess the dependence on the training cosmology, we train the network exclusively on de-wiggled simulations, providing a controlled test of whether the reconstruction arises from physical non-linear mode coupling rather than implicit encoding of BAO features. In the ideal noise-free case, the amplitude and phase of the lost modes can be restored with high fidelity. With instrumental noise included, the reconstructed amplitude becomes biased, while the phase information remains robust. The trained network also exhibits reasonable robustness to variations in the underlying cosmological model. Together, these results suggest that mode restoration offers a complementary approach for extracting cosmological information from future 21 cm intensity mapping analyses.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"δN formalism with gradient interactions","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Ahmadi and Nahid Ahmadi","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/07/092","url":null,"abstract":"The standard δN formalism is a cornerstone technique for calculating curvature perturbations on super-Hubble scales. However, its validity relies heavily on the separate universe assumption, in which spatial gradients are neglected. This approximation is known to break down in scenarios that are critical for primordial black hole formation, such as transitions to an ultra-slow-roll phase, where gradient interactions induce a significant non-conservation of the comoving curvature perturbation. In this paper, we introduce a framework for incorporating gradient corrections into the δN formalism by adding an effective source term to the background Klein-Gordon equation. While preserving the nonlinear separate-universe dynamics at zeroth order, this approach consistently incorporates the leading gradient-sensitive effects and thereby improves the treatment of the nonlinear evolution of curvature perturbations up to the end of inflation, given initial conditions specified at horizon exit. By computing the equilateral non-Gaussianity parameter feqNL, we demonstrate that our method captures some essential physical features missed by the standard δN approach, offering a simple pathway to determine the nonlinear evolution expected from cosmological perturbation theory.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}