Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics最新文献

{"title":"Combining underground and on-surface third-generation gravitational-wave interferometers","authors":"Francesco Iacovelli, Enis Belgacem, Michele Maggiore, Michele Mancarella and Niccolò Muttoni","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/085","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, detailed studies have been made to compare the performance of the European next generation GW observatory Einstein Telescope (ET) in a single-site triangular configuration with the performance of a configuration featuring two L-shaped detectors in different sites, still taken to have all other ET characteristics except for the geometry, in particular, underground and composed of a low-frequency interferometer working at cryogenic temperatures and a high-frequency interferometer working at room temperature. Here we study a further possibility for a European network, made by a single L-shaped underground detector, like one of the detectors considered for the 2L version of ET, and a single third-generation 20-km L-shaped interferometer on the surface. We compare the performances of such a network to those of the triangle and of the 2L-underground ET configurations. We then examine the performance of an intercontinental network made by a 40-km CE in the U.S., together with any of these European networks.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of in-ice volume scattering for radio-frequency neutrino experiments","authors":"A. Nozdrina and D. Besson","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/086","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last three decades, several experimental initiatives have been launched with the goal of observing radio-frequency signals produced by ultra-high energy neutrinos (UHEN) interacting in solid media. Observed neutrino event signatures comprise impulsive signals with duration of order the inverse of the antenna+system bandwidth (∼10 ns), superimposed upon an incoherent (typically white noise) thermal noise spectrum. Whereas bulk volume scattering (VS) of radio-frequency (RF) signals is well-studied within the radio-glaciological communities, polar ice-based neutrino-detection experiments have thus far neglected VS in their signal projections. As discussed herein, coherent volume scattering (CVS, for which the phase of the incident signal is preserved during scattering) generated by in-ice neutrino interactions may similarly produce short-duration signal-like power, albeit with a slightly extended time structure, and thereby enhance neutrino detection rates, whereas incoherent (randomized phase) volume scattering (IVS) will persist for O(100 ns), appearing similar to thermal white noise and therefore reducing the measured Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of neutrino signals. Herein, we present the expected voltage profiles resulting from in-ice volume scattering as a function of the molecular scattering cross-section, for both CVS and IVS, and assess their impact on UHEN experiments. VS contributions are currently only weakly constrained by extant data; stronger limits may be obtained with dedicated calibration experiments.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmological Bell tests with decoherence effects","authors":"Chon Man Sou, Junqi Wang and Yi Wang","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/084","url":null,"abstract":"The inflationary universe creates particle pairs, which are entangled in their momenta due to momentum conservation. Operators involving the momenta of the fluctuations can be rewritten into pseudo-spin operators, such as the Gour-Khanna-Mann-Revzen (GKMR) pseudo-spin. Making use of these pseudo-spin operators, cosmological Bell inequalities can be formulated. The violation of these Bell inequalities indicates the quantum nature of primordial fluctuations. In this work, we focus on primordial curvature perturbations. Since curvature perturbations arise from gravity, their action includes the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term. We clarify the role of the boundary term in selecting suitable initial conditions for linear perturbations. After that, we proceed to the interactions of cosmological perturbations, including the bulk and boundary interaction terms, which introduce decoherence effects. These decoherence effects change the expectation value of the Bell operator, and gradually restore the Bell inequality. We describe this process by a “Bell test curve”, which offers a window around 5 e-folds for testing the quantum origin of cosmological perturbations. We also explore the possibility of extracting the information of the decoherence rate and the structure of primordial interactions from the Bell test curve.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for a survey of the galactic plane with the Cherenkov Telescope Array","authors":"S. Abe, J. Abhir, A. Abhishek, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, R. Adam, A. Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, A. Aguirre-Santaella, J. Alfaro, N. Alvarez-Crespo, R. Alves Batista, J.-P. Amans, E. Amato, G. Ambrosi, F. Ambrosino, E.O. Angüner, C. Aramo, C. Arcaro, L. Arrabito, K. Asano, Y. Ascasíbar, J. Aschersleben, L. Augusto Stuani, M. Backes, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, J. Ballet, A. Baquero Larriva, V. Barbosa Martins, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, I. Batković, R. Batzofin, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, G. Beck, L. Beiske, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, E. Bernardini, J. Bernete, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, P. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhattacharyya, B. Bi, N. Biederbeck, A. Biland, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, O. Blanch, J. Blazek, F. Bocchino, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, A. Bonollo, P. Bordas, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, C. Braiding, E. Bronzini, R. Brose, A.M. Brown, F. Brun, G. Brunelli, N. Bucciantini, A. Bulgarelli, I. Burelli, L. Burmistrov, M. Burton, A. ..","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/081","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one hundred sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays are known in the Milky Way, detected with a combination of targeted observations and surveys. A survey of the entire Galactic Plane in the energy range from a few tens of GeV to a few hundred TeV has been proposed as a Key Science Project for the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). This article presents the status of the studies towards the Galactic Plane Survey (GPS). We build and make publicly available a sky model that combines data from recent observations of known gamma-ray emitters with state-of-the-art physically-driven models of synthetic populations of the three main classes of established Galactic VHE sources (pulsar wind nebulae, young and interacting supernova remnants, and compact binary systems), as well as of interstellar emission from cosmic-ray interactions in the Milky Way. We also perform an optimisation of the observation strategy (pointing pattern and scheduling) based on recent estimations of the instrument performance. We use the improved sky model and observation strategy to simulate GPS data corresponding to a total observation time of 1620 hours spread over ten years. Data are then analysed using the methods and software tools under development for real data. Under our model assumptions and for the realisation considered, we show that the GPS has the potential to increase the number of known Galactic VHE emitters by almost a factor of five. This corresponds to the detection of more than two hundred pulsar wind nebulae and a few tens of supernova remnants at average integral fluxes one order of magnitude lower than in the existing sample above 1 TeV, therefore opening the possibility to perform unprecedented population studies. The GPS also has the potential to provide new VHE detections of binary systems and pulsars, to confirm the existence of a hypothetical population of gamma-ray pulsars with an additional TeV emission component, and to detect bright sources capable of accelerating particles to PeV energies (PeVatrons). Furthermore, the GPS will constitute a pathfinder for deeper follow-up observations of these source classes. Finally, we show that we can extract from GPS data an estimate of the contribution to diffuse emission from unresolved sources, and that there are good prospects of detecting interstellar emission and statistically distinguishing different scenarios. Thus, a survey of the entire Galactic plane carried out from both hemispheres with CTAO will ensure a transformational advance in our knowledge of Galactic VHE source populations and interstellar emission.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational wave luminosity distance-weighted anisotropies","authors":"Andrea Begnoni, Lorenzo Valbusa Dall'Armi, Daniele Bertacca and Alvise Raccanelli","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/087","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of the luminosity distance of propagating gravitational waves can provide invaluable information on the geometry and content of our Universe. Due to the clustering of cosmic structures, in realistic situations we need to average the luminosity distance of events coming from patches inside a volume. In this work we evaluate, in a gauge-invariant and fully-relativistic treatment, the impact of cosmological perturbations on such averaging process. We find that clustering, lensing and peculiar velocity effects impact estimates for future detectors such as Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, the Big Bang Observer and DECIGO. The signal-to-noise ratio of the angular power spectrum of the average luminosity distance over all the redshift bins is 17 in the case of binary black holes detected by Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. We also provide fitting formulas for the corrections to the average luminosity distance due to general relativistic effects.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The renormalization group for large-scale structure: origin of galaxy stochasticity","authors":"Henrique Rubira and Fabian Schmidt","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/092","url":null,"abstract":"The renormalization group equations for large-scale structure (RG-LSS) describe how the bias and stochastic (noise) parameters — both of matter and biased tracers such as galaxies — evolve as a function of the cutoff Λ of the effective field theory. In previous work, we derived the RG-LSS equations for the bias parameters using the Wilson-Polchinski framework. Here, we extend these results to include stochastic contributions, corresponding to terms in the effective action that are higher order in the current J. We derive the general local interaction terms that describe stochasticity at all orders in perturbations, and a closed set of nonlinear RG equations for their coefficients. These imply that a single nonlinear bias term generates all stochastic moments through RG evolution. Further, the evolution is controlled by a different, lower scale than the nonlinear scale. This has implications for the optimal choice of the renormalization scale when comparing the theory with data to obtain cosmological constraints.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WIMP Dark Matter in bulk viscous non-standard cosmologies","authors":"Esteban González, Carlos Maldonado, N. Stefanía Mite and Rodrigo Salinas","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/088","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore an extension of the classical non-standard cosmological scenario in which the new field, ϕ, which interacts with the radiation component in the early universe, experiences dissipative processes in the form of a bulk viscosity. Assuming an interaction term given by Γϕρϕ, where Γϕ accounts for the decay rate of the field and ρϕ corresponds to its energy density, and a bulk viscosity according to the expression ξ=ξ0ρϕϕ1/2 in the framework of Eckart's theory, we apply this novel non-standard cosmology to study the parameters space for WIMPs Dark Matter candidate production. This parameter space shows deviations from the classical non-standard cosmological scenario, obtaining new regions to search for this candidate. In particular, for certain combinations of the free parameters, we found large regions in which the model can establish the DM and reproduce the current observable relic density.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The universal multiplicity function: counting haloes and voids","authors":"Giovanni Verza, Carmelita Carbone, Alice Pisani, Cristiano Porciani and Sabino Matarrese","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/079","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel combination of the excursion-set approach with the peak theory formalism in Lagrangian space and provide accurate predictions for halo and void statistics over a wide range of scales. The set-up is based on an effective moving barrier. Besides deriving the corresponding numerical multiplicity function, we introduce a new analytical formula reaching the percent level agreement with the exact numerical solution obtained via Monte Carlo realisations down to small scales, ∼ 1012h-1M⊙. In the void case, we derive the dependence of the effective moving barrier on the void formation threshold, δv, by comparison against the Lagrangian void size function measured in the DEMNUni simulations. We discuss the mapping from Lagrangian to Eulerian space for both haloes and voids; adopting the spherical symmetry approximation, we obtain a strong agreement at intermediate and large scales. Finally, using the effective moving barrier, we derive Lagrangian void density profiles accurately matching measurements from cosmological simulations, a major achievement towards using void profiles for precision cosmology with the next generation of galaxy surveys.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermalization and hotspot formation around small primordial black holes","authors":"Minxi He, Kazunori Kohri, Kyohei Mukaida and Masaki Yamada","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/080","url":null,"abstract":"We quantitatively analyze a basic question: what is the stationary solution of the background plasma temperature profile around a black hole (BH)? One may naively expect that the temperature profile continuously decreases from the Hawking temperature at the surface of the BH towards an outer region. We show analytically and numerically that this is not the case because local thermal equilibrium cannot be maintained near the surface of the BH and also because the high-energy particles emitted from Hawking radiation cannot be instantaneously thermalized into the background plasma. The temperature profile has a plateau within a finite distance from the BH, and even the overall amplitude of background temperature at a distance far away from the BH is significantly suppressed compared with the naive expectation. The main reason for these counterintuitive results comes from the fact that the size of the BH is too small that particles of Hawking radiation goes far away within the typical time scale of interactions.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational lensing of spherically symmetric black holes in dark matter halos","authors":"Yi-Gao Liu, Chen-Kai Qiao and Jun Tao","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/075","url":null,"abstract":"The gravitational lensing of supermassive black holes surrounded by dark matter halo has attracted a great number of interests in recent years. However, many studies employed simplified dark matter density models, which makes it very hard to give a precise prediction on the dark matter effects in real astrophysical galaxies. In this work, to more accurately describe the distribution of dark matter in real astrophysical galaxies, we study the gravitational lensing of black holes in astrophysical dark matter halo models (Beta, Burkert, Brownstein, and Moore). The deflection angle is obtained using a generalized Gibbons-Werner approach. The visual angular positions and the Einstein rings are also calculated by adopting the gravitational lens equation. Specifically, we choose the supermassive black holes in Milky Way Galaxy, Andromeda galaxy (M31), Virgo galaxy (M87), and ESO138-G014 galaxy as examples, including the corresponding fitted value of dark matter halos. The results suggest that the dark matter halo described by the Beta model has non-negligible influences on the gravitational deflection angle and gravitational lensing observations. However, the Burkert, Brownstein, and Moore models have relatively small influences on angular position of images and the Einstein ring.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}