Journal of Clinical Medicine Research最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Who Develop Bloodstream Infection.","authors":"Mitsuhiro Kamada,&nbsp;Motoyasu Miyazaki,&nbsp;Akio Nakashima,&nbsp;Yota Yamada,&nbsp;Takafumi Nakano,&nbsp;Daiki Hagiwara,&nbsp;Yukie Komiya,&nbsp;Koichi Matsuo,&nbsp;Osamu Imakyure","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The causative microorganisms of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the clinical characteristics of these patients have not yet been fully identified. Therefore, this study investigated IBD patients who developed BSI to determine their clinical characteristics and identify the BSI-causing bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The subjects were IBD patients who developed bacteremia between 2015 and 2019 at Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to IBD type (Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC)). The medical records of the patients were reviewed to determine their clinical backgrounds and identify the BSI-causing bacteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 95 patients, 68 CD and 27 UC patients were included in this study. The detection rates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>) were higher in the UC group than in the CD group (18.5% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.021; 11.1% vs. 0%, P = 0.019, respectively). Immunosuppressive drugs use was higher in the CD group than in the UC group (57.4% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.00003). Hospital stay length was longer in the UC group than in the CD group (15 vs. 9 days; P = 0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The causative bacteria of BSI and clinical backgrounds differed between patients with CD and UC. This study showed that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> had higher abundance in UC patients at the onset of BSI. Furthermore, long-term hospitalized patients with UC required antimicrobial therapy against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 5","pages":"262-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/a3/jocmr-15-262.PMC10251698.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Analgesia Methods for Open Gastrointestinal Surgery Are Not Associated With Initial Postoperative Ambulation.","authors":"Yuta Mitobe,&nbsp;Takeshi Itou,&nbsp;Yuri Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Tomomi Yoshioka,&nbsp;Kenji Nakagawa","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A characteristic of modern medical care is the reduction in the length of hospital stay, and several facilities across Japan are working towards this goal. The presence of postoperative pain is correlated with the number of days to hospital discharge. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the analgesic methods used in clinical practice and the initial ambulation of postoperative laparotomy patients with severe postoperative worked incisional pain to enable better analgesic management in the future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study collected information from the medical records of 117 patients who underwent laparotomy between December 1, 2019, and October 13, 2020, at the Department of Gastroenterology of the International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital. Based on the failure or success of the ambulation process, the patients were divided into the delayed and successful groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the delayed group, patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) was used in 32 patients, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) was used in two patients, continuous worked incisional infiltration anesthesia was used in one patient, and transvenous acetaminophen was used in one patient for postoperative analgesia. In the successful group, PCEA was used in 66 patients, IV-PCA was used in 11 patients, continuous worked incisional infiltration anesthesia was used in three patients, and acetaminophen administered intravenously at patient's request was used in one patient (P = 0.094).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No significant differences were observed between different postoperative analgesia methods, suggesting that there may be no association between postoperative ambulation and the postoperative analgesia method.</p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 5","pages":"255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/35/jocmr-15-255.PMC10251697.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Segmentation of Dental CBCT Image Using an Improved U-Net Network","authors":"Zeyu Chen, Senyang Chen, Songming Liu","doi":"10.32629/jcmr.v4i2.1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32629/jcmr.v4i2.1191","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of clinical dental medicine, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a useful tool for the measurement of various dimensions related to the oral cavity, including height and thickness. This provides invaluable guidance and reference for risk assessment in orthodontic treatment, selection of treatment plans and implant treatment. However, segmentation of the teeth region from CBCT images is a daunting task due to complex root morphology and indistinct boundaries between the root and the alveolar bone. Manual annotation of the teeth area is resource-intensive, and deep learning-based segmentation methods are susceptible to noise, reducing their efficiency. To tackle these complexities, a multi-filter attention module is proposed in this paper, which effectively minimizes the noise in CBCT images through utilization of multiple filters and self-attention techniques. Additionally, an Improved U-Net model is proposed, where the original convolution block in the U-Net is replaced with a Double ConvNeXt block to yield better network performance. Experimentally, the proposed Improved U-Net method showed remarkable progress as it achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient of 86.95% in oral CBCT image segmentation, surpassing existing models and affirming the effectiveness and advancedness of the proposed model and method.","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83332832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Cholangiopathy: A Recent Indication for Liver Transplantation.","authors":"Subhi Mansour,&nbsp;Rozan Marjieh,&nbsp;Yoram Kluger,&nbsp;Hayim Gilshtein,&nbsp;Safi Khuri","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4914","url":null,"abstract":"Since its discovery in the late 2019 in Wuhan city, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly became a major public health problem, with more than 5 million deaths at 2 years of follow-up [1, 2]. Furthermore, COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), has been associated with a considerable morbidity as well [3]. Although COVID-19 is known as a predominantly respiratory tract infectious disease, with fever, fatigue, cough and dyspnea being the most common presenting symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to affect and damage other organ systems [4]. To gain cellular entry, this virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cell receptor [5]. In addition to the lungs, the aforementioned receptors are highly expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, kidneys, liver and biliary tree, pancreas, arterial smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells [5]. The expression of ACE2 receptors in the previously mentioned systems raises the possibility of COVID-19-induced multi-organ system [6]. When affected, they are referred to as extra-pulmonary complications of COVID-19. Extra-pulmonary complications postCOVID-19 infections are more common in critically and severely ill patients [4]. Liver and biliary complications following COVID-19 infection were firstly reported by Huang et al [7], when he noticed an elevated level of liver function tests (LFTs), especially in patients with critically ill COVID-19. Almost 20% of patients with COVID-19 infection have elevated liver enzymes, which can predict disease outcome [8]. The current literature has demonstrated that liver injury is more common in patients with critical COVID-19 and pre-existing chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis, and in those who have other coexisting causes of liver damage, such as the use of potentially hepatotoxic therapies [9, 10]. The mechanisms by which COVID-19 causes damage to the liver are diverse and include, among others, direct hepatocellular injury (the main injury pattern) and cholestatic pattern, referred to as “post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy” (PCC) [11, 12]. PCC, previously known as secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients due to severe COVID-19 infection, is a newly introduced entity gaining medical attention worldwide. It is characterized by severe cholestasis and ongoing jaundice that persist long after renal and pulmonary recovery. Although PCC is a well-known extra-pulmonary manifestation post-COVID-19 infection, data regarding this specific entity, mainly mechanism of injury and therapeutic options, are still vague and not clear.","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"250-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/ff/jocmr-15-250.PMC10181353.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Name Recognition, Empathy Perception, and Satisfaction With Resident Physicians' Care Amongst Patients in an Academic Emergency Department.","authors":"Chad T Holmes,&nbsp;Charles Huggins,&nbsp;Heidi Knowles,&nbsp;Thomas K Swoboda,&nbsp;Ryan Kirby,&nbsp;Naomi Alanis,&nbsp;Alexandra Bulga,&nbsp;Chet D Schrader,&nbsp;Cita Dunn,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recognition of the provider's name, provider empathy, and the patient's satisfaction with their care are patient-provider rapport measures. This study aimed to determine: 1) resident physicians' name recognition by patients in the emergency department; and 2) name recognition in association with patient perception of the resident's empathy and their satisfaction with the resident's care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study. A patient recognizing a resident physician was defined as the patient remembering a resident's name, understanding the level of training, and understanding a resident's role in patient care. A patient's perception of resident physician empathy was measured by the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perception of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE). Patient satisfaction of the resident was measured utilizing a real-time satisfaction survey. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the association amongst patient recognition of resident physicians, JSPPPE, and patient satisfaction after adjustments were made for demographics and resident training level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 30 emergency medicine resident physicians and 191 patients. Only 26% of studied patients recognized resident physicians. High JSPPPE scores were given by 39% of patients recognizing resident physicians compared to 5% of those who were not recognized (P = 0.013). High patient satisfaction scores were recorded in 31% of patients who recognized resident physicians compared to 7% who did not (P = 0.008). The adjusted odds ratios of patient recognition of resident physicians to high JSPPPE and high satisfaction scores were 5.29 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33 - 21.02, P = 0.018) and 6.12 (1.84 - 20.38, P = 0.003) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patient recognition of resident physicians is low in our study. However, patient recognition of resident physicians is associated with a higher patient perception of physician empathy and higher patient satisfaction. Our study suggests that resident education advocating for patient recognition of their healthcare provider's status needs to be emphasized as part of patient-centered health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/13/jocmr-15-225.PMC10181348.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9477233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Conversion to Dementia in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Low Body Temperature.","authors":"Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, Prabhpaul Dhami, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4883","DOIUrl":"10.14740/jocmr4883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can progress to dementia. Studies have shown that neuropsychological tests, biological or radiological markers individually or in combination have helped to determine the risk of conversion from MCI to dementia. These techniques are complex and expensive, and clinical risk factors were not considered in these studies. This study examined demographic, lifestyle and clinical factors including low body temperature that may play a role in the conversion of MCI to dementia in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, a chart review was conducted on patients aged 61 to 103 years who were seen at the University of Alberta Hospital. Information on onset of MCI and demographic, social, and lifestyle factors, family history of dementia and clinical factors, and current medications at baseline was collected from patient charts on an electronic database. The conversion from MCI to dementia within 5.5 years was also determined. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the baseline factors associated with conversion from MCI to dementia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of MCI at baseline was 25.6% (335/1,330). During the 5.5 years follow-up period, 43% (143/335) of the subjects converted to dementia from MCI. The factors that were significantly associated with conversion from MCI to dementia were family history of dementia (odds ratio (OR): 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56 - 4.95, P = 0.001), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85 - 0.97, P = 0.01), and low body temperature (below 36 °C) (OR: 10.01, 95% CI: 3.59 - 27.88, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to family history of dementia and MoCA, low body temperature was shown to be associated with the conversion from MCI to dementia. This study would help clinicians to identify patients with MCI who are at highest risk of conversion to dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"216-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5f/9f/jocmr-15-216.PMC10181356.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Pathogen of Bones and Joints: A Systematic Review of Osteoarticular Infections Caused by <i>Gemella morbillorum</i>.","authors":"Eltaib Saad,&nbsp;Mohammed Elamin Faris,&nbsp;Mohammed S Abdalla,&nbsp;Paritosh Prasai,&nbsp;Elrazi Ali,&nbsp;Jonathan Stake","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) caused by <i>Gemella morbillorum</i> (<i>G. morbillorum</i>) are a rare clinical entity. This study aimed to review all published cases of OAI due to <i>G. morbillorum.</i> A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted to report the demographic and clinical characteristics, microbiological data, management, and outcome of OAIs caused by <i>G. morbillorum</i> in the adult population. A total of 16 studies reporting on 16 patients were included in this review. Eight patients had arthritis and eight patients had osteomyelitis/discitis. The most reported risk factors were immunosuppression, poor dental hygiene/dental infections, and recent gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Five cases of arthritis occurred in a native joint while three patients had prostheses. The potential source of <i>G. morbillorum</i> infection was documented in more than half of the cases (56%) (most commonly odontogenic and GI sources (25% and 18%, respectively). The knee and hip joints were the most frequently affected joints in patients with arthritis, while the thoracic vertebrae were the most common sites for osteomyelitis/discitis. The blood cultures were positive in three patients with arthritis (37.5%) and five patients with osteomyelitis/discitis (62.5%). Associated endovascular infection was found in five patients with bacteremia. Contiguous spread (adjacent mediastinitis) was documented in two patients with sternal osteomyelitis and thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis. Surgical interventions were performed for 12 patients (75%). Most strains of <i>G. morbillorum</i> were susceptible to penicillin and cephalosporins. All patients with reported outcomes had achieved complete recovery. <i>G. morbillorum</i> is an emerging pathogen for OAIs in certain susceptible populations with specific risk factors. This review reported the demographic, clinical, and microbiological features of OAIs caused by <i>G. morbillorum</i>. A careful evaluation of an underlying infectious focus is warranted to control the source. When <i>G. morbillorum</i> bacteremia is present, it is also necessary to have a high index of suspicion to rule out an associated endovascular infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/49/jocmr-15-187.PMC10181354.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of New-Onset Crohn's Disease in a Patient With Chronic Palmoplantar Pustulosis.","authors":"Satoshi Tanida,&nbsp;Shoichiro Yoshii,&nbsp;Ryoji Kubo,&nbsp;Takuya Takahama,&nbsp;Shun Sasoh,&nbsp;Yoshimasa Kubota,&nbsp;Tesshin Ban,&nbsp;Tomoaki Ando,&nbsp;Makoto Nakamura,&nbsp;Takashi Joh","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 44-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) at 34 years old was diagnosed with moderate Crohn's disease (CD) based on endoscopic, radiological, and pathological findings. As treatment with corticosteroids, ultraviolet, and cyclosporin had achieved partial response, PPP had been refractory in a chronic continuous state. Oral prednisolone was initially started to treat CD, but clinical remission was not achieved. Intravenous ustekinumab was subsequently started at 260 mg for clinical remission of CD. Eight weeks after starting ustekinumab, clinical remission and mucosal healing were achieved and PPP manifestations on the palms and soles were markedly improved. Ustekinumab appears to offer an effective therapeutic option for patients with PPP but has yet to be approved for this induction in Japan. CD is a rare gastrointestinal involvement in PPP patients that requires attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"243-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/84/jocmr-15-243.PMC10181355.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9529904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impelling Factors for Contracting COVID-19 Among Surgical Professionals During the Pandemic: A Multinational Cohort Study.","authors":"Wah Yang,&nbsp;Ali Haider Bangash,&nbsp;Johnn Henry Herrera Kok,&nbsp;Chandra Cheruvu,&nbsp;Chetan Parmar,&nbsp;Arda Isik,&nbsp;Michail Galanis,&nbsp;Francesco Di Maggio,&nbsp;Semra Demirli Atici,&nbsp;Mohamed Abouelazayem,&nbsp;Samik Kumar Bandyopadhyay,&nbsp;Yirupaiahgari K S Viswanath","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4860","DOIUrl":"10.14740/jocmr4860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical workers, including surgical professionals working in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treating hospitals, were under enormous stress during the pandemic. This global study investigated factors endowing COVID-19 amongst surgical professionals and students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This global cross-sectional survey was made live on February 18, 2021 and closed for analysis on March 13, 2021. It was freely shared on social and scientific media platforms and was sent via email groups and circulated through a personal network of authors. Chi-square test for independence, and binary logistic regression analysis were carried out on determining predictors of surgical professionals contracting COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This survey captured the response of 520 surgical professionals from 66 countries. Of the professionals, 92.5% (481/520) reported practising in hospitals managing COVID-19 patients. More than one-fourth (25.6%) of the respondents (133/520) reported suffering from COVID-19 which was more frequent in surgical professionals practising in public sector healthcare institutions (P = 0.001). Thirty-seven percent of those who reported never contracting COVID-19 (139/376) reported being still asked to practice self-isolation and wear a shield without the diagnosis (P = 0.001). Of those who did not contract COVID-19, 75.7% (283/376) were vaccinated (P < 0.001). Surgical professionals undergoing practice in the private sector (odds ratio (OR): 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14 - 0.77; P = 0.011) and receiving two doses of vaccine (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32 - 0.95; P = 0.031) were identified to enjoy decreased odds of contracting COVID-19. Only 6.9% of those who reported not contracting COVID-19 (26/376) were calculated to have the highest \"overall composite level of harm\" score (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High prevalence of respondents got COVID-19, which was more frequent in participants working in public sector hospitals. Those who reported contracting COVID-19 were calculated to have the highest level of harm score. Self-isolation or shield, getting two doses of vaccines decreases the odds of contracting COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/be/jocmr-15-233.PMC10181352.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9529906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Scores and Survival Rates by Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review.","authors":"Evelyn Calderon-Martinez, Samanta Landazuri-Navas, Esmeralda Vilchez, Raul Cantu-Hernandez, Johanna Mosquera-Moscoso, Sebastian Encalada, Zahraa Al Lami, Christian Zevallos-Delgado, John Cinicola","doi":"10.14740/jocmr4902","DOIUrl":"10.14740/jocmr4902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer and ranks sixth among all malignancies worldwide. Risk factors for HCC can be classified as infectious or behavioral. Viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse are currently the most common risk factors for HCC; however, nonalcoholic liver disease is expected to become the most common cause of HCC in upcoming years. HCC survival rates vary according to the causative risk factors. As in any malignancy, staging is crucial in making therapeutic decisions. The selection of a specific score should be individualized according to patient characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current data on epidemiology, risk factors, prognostic scores, and survival in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/1d/jocmr-15-200.PMC10181349.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9477236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}