Journal of chronic diseases最新文献_第7页

Risk factors for angina pectoris in a population study of Swedish men 瑞典男性人群研究中心绞痛的危险因素

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90163-9

Marianne Hagman, Lars Wilhelmsen, Hans Wedel, Kjell Pennert

{"title":"Risk factors for angina pectoris in a population study of Swedish men","authors":"Marianne Hagman, Lars Wilhelmsen, Hans Wedel, Kjell Pennert","doi":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90163-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90163-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Primary Preventive Trial in Göteborg, Sweden, a study of a random population sample of middle-aged men, made it possible to analyse the risk factor pattern cross-sectionally in 166 men with uncomplicated angina pectoris (AP) and compare with 5735 men without angina pectoris or myocardial infarction (MI). A prospective analysis was also performed concerning the risk factor pattern in 128 cases with uncomplicated AP and 34 cases with complicated AP (following an MI) respectively, appearing during a follow-up time of 4 years.</p><p>At cross-sectional analysis, uncomplicated AP was related to elevated serum cholesterol, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased relative body weight, smoking, diabetes mellitus, low physical activity during leisure time, dyspnea and mental stress.</p><p>However at multivariate, prospective analysis only dyspnea, stress, diabetes mellitus and increased relative body weight were predictors for uncomplicated AP. In contrast, elevated serum cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and high physical activity at work were predictors for complicated AP.</p><p>Possible reasons for the apparent risk factor differences and different mechanisms in AP and MI are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90163-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14617353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Toward an “unconfounded” classification of epidemiologic research design 走向流行病学研究设计的“无混淆”分类

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90104-4

Michael S. Kramer , Jean-François Boivin

引用次数: 36

Estimation of myocardial infarction mortality from routinely collected data in Western Australia 从西澳大利亚州常规收集的数据估计心肌梗死死亡率

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90102-0

C.A. Martin, M.S.T. Hobbs, B.K. Armstrong

引用次数: 17

Markov processes and logrank tests 马尔可夫过程和洛格兰克检验

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90135-4

D. Commenges, P. Barberger-Gateau, J.F. Dartigues, P. Loiseau, R. Salamon

引用次数: 0

The effect of cost sharing on the use of antibiotics in ambulatory care: Results from a population-based randomized controlled trial 费用分摊对门诊抗生素使用的影响:一项基于人群的随机对照试验的结果

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90176-7

Betsy Foxman , R.Burciaga Valdez , Kathleen N. Lohr , George A. Goldberg , Joseph P. Newhouse , Robert H. Brook

{"title":"The effect of cost sharing on the use of antibiotics in ambulatory care: Results from a population-based randomized controlled trial","authors":"Betsy Foxman , R.Burciaga Valdez , Kathleen N. Lohr , George A. Goldberg , Joseph P. Newhouse , Robert H. Brook","doi":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90176-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90176-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Little is known about how generosity of insurance and population characteristics affect quantity or appropriateness of antibiotic use. Using insurance claims for antibiotics from 5765 non-elderly people who lived in six sites in the United States and were randomly assigned to insurance plans varying by level of cost-sharing, we describe how antibiotic use varies by insurance plan, diagnosis and health status, geographic area, and demographic characteristics. People with free medical care used 85% more antibiotics than those required to pay some portion of their medical bills (controlling for all other variables). Antibiotic use was significantly more common among women, the very young, patients with poorer health, and persons with higher income. Use of antibiotics for viral, viral-bacterial, and bacterial conditions did not differ between free and cost-sharing insurance plans, given antibiotics were the treatment of choice. Cost sharing reduced inappropriate and appropriate antibiotic use to a similar degree.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90176-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14235393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 85

A nonmathematical view of mathematical models for cancer 癌症数学模型的非数学观点

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80019-X

Kenneth C. Chu

引用次数: 19

Use of multistage models to infer stage affected by carcinogenic exposure: Example of lung cancer and cigarette smoking 使用多阶段模型推断受致癌物暴露影响的阶段:肺癌和吸烟的例子

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80020-6

Charles C. Brown, Kenneth C. Chu

{"title":"Use of multistage models to infer stage affected by carcinogenic exposure: Example of lung cancer and cigarette smoking","authors":"Charles C. Brown, Kenneth C. Chu","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80020-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Statistical methods based on the Armitage-Doll mathematical model of the carcinogenic process are presented for analyzing epidemiologic case-control studies of cancer. These methods are proposed to provide inferences regarding the stage(s) in the cancer process at which the exposure of interest acts. An example of these methods is given which shows evidence that carcinogens in cigarette smoke appear to affect the transition rates for two separate stages in the development of lung cancer, and the relative magnitudes of these effects are estimated. The data for this analysis came from a European multi-center case-control study of lung cancer.</p><p>The results of the analysis show that: (1) the relative risk of lung cancer among continuing smokers compared to nonsmokers of the same age decreases as the age started smoking increases, while the rate of smoking stays fixed, a result which indicates a carcinogenic effect on an early stage in the process; and (2) the relative risk among ex-smokers compared to continuing smokers having the same duration and rate of smoking decreases with time since smoking stopped, a result which indicates a carcinogenic effect on a late stage in the process. Both results are shown to be best described by the hypothesis that cigarette smoking affects two stages. The estimated relative magnitudes of cigarettes' carcinogenic effects on the two stages indicate that the largest proportion of the total lifetime lung cancer risk among continuing smokers is due to its late stage effect, and that the proportion of risk due to causes other than smoking varies from 23% among men smoking 1–10 cigarettes per day to 6% among those smoking greater than 30 cigarettes per day. These findings imply that preventive measures directed toward inducing smokers to stop would have a potentially substantial payoff in reducing future lung cancer mortality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 171S-179S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80020-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14787760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 72

Metabolic modeling of organ-specific doses to carcinogens as illustrated with alpha-radiation emitting radionuclides 器官特异性剂量对致癌物的代谢模型，如α辐射释放放射性核素所示

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80022-X

Harvey Checkoway , Douglas Crawford-Brown

{"title":"Metabolic modeling of organ-specific doses to carcinogens as illustrated with alpha-radiation emitting radionuclides","authors":"Harvey Checkoway , Douglas Crawford-Brown","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80022-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80022-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Qunatitative estimation of doses of carcinogens delivered to physiologic targets facilities specification of organ-specific dose-response functions. Typically, exposure measurements, such as air or water concentrations of carcinogens, are used as dose surrogates in epidemiologic studies. An illustrative exception to this usual situation is the case of airborne alpha radiation-emitting radionuclides, for which organ-specific doses can be derived. A metabolic modeling approach for estimating doses delivered to the lung, gastrointestinal tract and bone is described for three classes of radionuclides: soluble uranium, insoluble uranium and plutonium. The dose models are defined in terms of biological retention patterns and organ-specific depositions affinities. Application of the metabolic modeling approach is illustrated with a hypothetical example of excess lung cancer risk projection in a cohort of persons exposed to plutonium. Also, a simple example is presented to demostrate how adherence to the metabolic model structure can avoid gross overestimation of doses in the case of multiple <em>in vivo</em> lung counting measurements taken in close temporal proximity following a large exposure intake.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 191S-200S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80022-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14787762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Advances in health assessment: Organization of the conference and of this monograph 健康评估的进展：会议和本专著的组织

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80026-7

Kathleen N. Lohr , John E. Ware Jr

引用次数: 16

Quality of life variables in surgical trials 手术试验中的生活质量变量

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90008-7

Judy O'Young, Bucknam McPeek

引用次数: 68