Journal of chronic diseases最新文献_第10页

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80009-7

M.C. Pike

引用次数: 133

Calculating cancer latency using data from a nested case-control study of prostatic cancer 利用前列腺癌病例对照研究的数据计算癌症潜伏期

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80015-2

David F. Goldsmith

{"title":"Calculating cancer latency using data from a nested case-control study of prostatic cancer","authors":"David F. Goldsmith","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80015-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80015-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessing latency for neoplastic diseases is crucial for determining the causal effects of a complex mix of carcinogenic exposures. An initial assessment of cancer risks in a U.S. tire and rubber plant revealed a significant SMR of 140 for prostatic cancer. Using an industry-based, case-control death certificate study of prostatic malignancies, we found matched odds ratios of about 3 (<em>p</em> < 0.025) for Batch Preparation, the work area with the greatest exposure to carbon black, solvents, and heavy metal oxides. To assess latency, we used the matched case-control series to calculate annual estimates of the odds ratio by determining the proportion of cases and controls employed for greater than 1 month in Batch Preparation during each year under study. This approach produced a plot with great fluctuations. To reduce variability in the resulting curve, a method was developed that measured the “etiologic fraction,” which is its highest point represents an estimate of the peak of the latency distribution. For Batch Preparation the modal point was 29 years before death with the greatest risk occurring from employment in the mid-1940's. The latency method allows risk assessment for time and year of greatest exposure difference, thus suggesting appropriate prevention strategies. Applications of this method for other types of studies and exposures are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 119S-123S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80015-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14788533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

p-Value and power computations in multiple look trials 多重外观试验中的p值和功率计算

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90093-2

Karl E. Peace , Robert C. Schriver

引用次数: 5

The concept of cause in disease 病因的概念

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90166-4

Reuel A. Stallones

引用次数: 18

Measurement error and reliability in four pediatric cross-sectional surveys of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables—The Bogalusa Heart Study 四项儿科心血管疾病危险因素变量横断面调查的测量误差和可靠性——Bogalusa心脏研究

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90092-0

Theda A. Foster , Gerald S. Berenson

{"title":"Measurement error and reliability in four pediatric cross-sectional surveys of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables—The Bogalusa Heart Study","authors":"Theda A. Foster , Gerald S. Berenson","doi":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90092-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90092-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four cross-sectional epidemiologic studies of children 5–17 years of age were conducted between 1973 and 1982 in the community of Bogalusa, La. Anthropometric, blood pressure and serum lipid variables were measured. Measurement error (precision) and reliability (reproducibility) were estimated for these risk factor variables of coronary artery disease. Precision was less than 0.8 cm for height, 0.8 kg for weight, and 1 mm for triceps and subscapular skinfold over the four surveys. Measurement error for the mercury sphygmomanometer and automatic blood pressure instruments was between 4 and 5 mmHg during this same period. Except for triglycerides and total and α-lipoprotein cholesterols that stabilized at lower levels after the first survey, precision of laboratory variables remained nearly constant over the 9 years of survey. Anthropometric measurements were found to be the most reliable followed next by the laboratory and then blood pressure measurements. These estimates offer guidelines applicable to data collection and processing in future investigations of risk factor variables for coronary artery disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90092-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14615568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Influence of cigarette smoking on lung function at baseline and at follow-up in 14 years: The Framingham Study 吸烟对基线和14年随访时肺功能的影响:Framingham研究

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90184-6

Paul Sorlie , Edward Lakatos , William B. Kannel , Bartolome Celli

引用次数: 32

Screening and breast cancer 筛查和乳腺癌

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90057-9

Paul Silcocks

引用次数: 6

Computer modelling of measurement error in longitudinal lung function data 纵向肺功能数据测量误差的计算机模拟

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90128-7

Robert E. Dales , James A. Hanley, Pierre Ernst, Margaret R. Becklake

{"title":"Computer modelling of measurement error in longitudinal lung function data","authors":"Robert E. Dales , James A. Hanley, Pierre Ernst, Margaret R. Becklake","doi":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90128-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90128-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of measurement error on the accuracy of results in two epidemiological study designs involving longitudinal lung function data was assessed using computer modelling. Five realistic data sets (cohorts) were created, each of 400 subjects, half of whom were exposed to an agent whose effects approximated in magnitude that of cigarette smoking. In each cohort, FEV<sub>1</sub> decline was modelled after 6, 4 and 2 years of observation with and without error in the measurement of level of FEV<sub>1</sub>. For each length of observation the effect of exposure on decline was estimated using a follow-up design comparing the FEV<sub>1</sub> decline between exposure groups, and a case-control design comparing risk of exposure in subjects in the top 20th percentile of FEV<sub>1</sub> decline (cases) to exposure in those in the bottom 20th percentile (controls). For both study designs an exposure effect at <span><math><mtext>p </mtext><mglyph></mglyph><mtext> 0.01</mtext></math></span> could only be consistently detected after 6 years of observation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 8","pages":"Pages 769-773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90128-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14718806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Large sample confidence intervals for regression standardized risks, risk ratios, and risk differences 回归标准化风险、风险比和风险差异的大样本置信区间

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90106-8

W.Dana Flanders, Philip H. Rhodes

引用次数: 100

Relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension prevalence and control in a French population 法国人群中饮酒与高血压患病率及控制的关系

Journal of chronic diseases Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90108-1

Thierry Lang , Patrice Degoulet , Françoise Aime , Claude Devries , Marie-Christine Jacquinet-Salord , Christiane Fouriaud

{"title":"Relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension prevalence and control in a French population","authors":"Thierry Lang , Patrice Degoulet , Françoise Aime , Claude Devries , Marie-Christine Jacquinet-Salord , Christiane Fouriaud","doi":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90108-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0021-9681(87)90108-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Six thousand six hundred thirty two subjects, employed in 420 small and medium-sized companies in the Paris region were examined in a cross-sectional study. Their alcohol consumption, as obtained by interview was found to be higher among males than among females, among workers than among managers, executives, and clerks. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with age, body mass index, coffee and cigarette consumption, occupational exposure to noise and working nights or alternating shifts. A positive, continuous, relationship was observed, for men and women, between alcohol intake and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This association was highly significant in the multivariate analysis (multiple linear regression) where alcohol intake, following age and body mass index, was the third predictive factor of blood pressure level in the stepwise regression. The positive association between alcohol consumption and prevalence of arterial hypertension was aggravated by the poor control of hypertension which was found among drinkers. Awareness of hypertension, compliance with an antihypertensive treatment and its efficacy, were negatively associated withg alcohol intake. The findings stress the importance of alcohol consumption which was found to be a major risk factor for arterial hypertension and noncompliance with antihypertensive treatment in this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chronic diseases","volume":"40 7","pages":"Pages 713-720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90108-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14718837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55