The International Journal of Science & Technoledge最新文献

{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Pearl Millet Farmers in North-western Nigeria: A Stochastic Frontier Approach","authors":"Abba Ibrahim Yakubu, M. Umar, Madaki, Musa Janga, Ismaila Muhammad, Adeleke, Ea","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i12/st2212-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i12/st2212-002","url":null,"abstract":"Millet is a prominent staple food among households in northern Nigeria; hence the bulk of its production is from the region. This study examined the technical efficiency of smallholder pearl millet farmers in north-western Nigeria. Using a sample of 430 smallholder farmers in the Kano and Jigawa states, the data for the study were collected during the 2015/2016 cropping season. Stochastic frontier analysis and least square regression were used to estimate the technical efficiency of millet farmers and to examine its determinants, respectively. The results obtained from the stochastic frontier analysis show substantial technical inefficiency among smallholder pearl millet farmers. The results reveal that all the six production variables used in the model: farm size, fertilizer, manure, labour, seed, and agrochemical, had a positive technical relationship with pearl millet output and were statistically significant. The elasticity of production, with a value of 1.83, showed that the pearl millet farmers were operating at an increasing return to scale. The result also reveals an average TE of 82 percent. The best practicing and the least technically efficient pearl millet farmers had technical efficiencies of 96 and 64 percent, respectively. In addition, in the OLS models, farmers' socio-economic factors such as farm size of farmers, type of seed planted, household size, education, access to credit, and extension contact were found to determine technical efficiency. Results of the study revealed a need for strong policies towards ensuring an efficient means of accessing farmland, labour, and improved pearl millet varieties access. Policies should also be formed to ensure easy and timely access to credit to pearl millet farmers and strengthen the extension programs for effective extension services delivery in the study area.   ","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127286748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Immunization in the Reduction of Mortality and Lethality Rates by COVID-19 in Brazil","authors":"Santos, Pedro Henrique Carvalho, Cruz Ytalo Gustavo Silva, Reis, Geovane Rossone, Pereira Soares, Ribeiro Mônica Cristina Siriano, Siriano Letícia Sampaio","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i11/st2211-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i11/st2211-006","url":null,"abstract":"In January 2020, a new coronavirus genetic material, Sars-CoV-2, was developed sequentially, allowing several studies to be released worldwide in search of a vaccine. In March of that year, the first vaccine was introduced and entered the human testing phase. In this scenario, this project aims to perform a correlational and comparative analysis between the immunized population of the federation units and the federal district with mortality and lethality rates by COVID-19 through statistical data treatment. The study was conducted in a statistical, retrospective study, with data available in sites linked to the Ministry of Health and the state health departments. In addition, for statistical treatment, the correlation of the data found and linear regression will be performed. Thus, all data will be gathered through data from DATASUS and the sites of each unit of the federation, covering the entire immunization period in which the country is being submitted. After data collection, they will be grouped and tabled using excel for Windows® and Word for Windows® software tools for making charts and tables. State data related to the number of immunized individuals will be compared by the students' T-test and compared using the SPSS® software. Based on the data collected, it is expected to have an overview of the impact of immunization on the reduction of COVID-19 mortality rates in all states of the country. ","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114096484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Urban Extension on Landcover Dynamics in the City of Maroua, Cameroon","authors":"Nkwemoh Clement Anguh, Ngwateze Mariam Mantah, Chia Peter Ta'-ah, Shegwe Quinta Tanki, Suh Erika Sirri","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i11/st2211-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i11/st2211-002","url":null,"abstract":"Found at the pinnacle of the Sudano-sahelian domain, the city of Maroua is an epitome of cities over the Globe where urban extension has brought wanton effects on the landscape. With a  research methodology that entailed the collection of data from secondary sources such as Topographic maps, Aerial photographs, and Satellite images as well as primary sources through interviews, it was realized that there has been an untold expansion of the urban space as a result of rapid population growth in Maroua. The astronomical population increase has imposed an upward trend in the need for building, industrial and agricultural space to meet the needs of the increased number of mouths to be fed and a number of houses to shelter them. Meanwhile, the results of Land Cover Classification show a predominance of Natural landscape before 1985, an ironical slight recovery of the forest vegetation cover in 2006 and  2022. The measures that have been proposed to ameliorate the situation are those that will meet up with the needs of the present population without jeopardizing the needs of future city dwellers. These solutions are those that would lead to the establishment of a Bio-City that Maroua is supposed to be.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126911622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Ecological Characteristics and Vegetation Structure in the Distribution Area of Panax Stipuleanatus in Hoang Lien Mountain Range","authors":"Hung Manh Nguyen, V. Nguyen, H. Do, Tien Dung Nguyen, Tuyet Xuan Bui, Thi Thu Dang, V. N. Le, Thi Hong Phuong Nguyen, D. X. Tung, Thi Thu Hang Lai, Tu Anh Le, Thanh Chung Nguyen","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-007","url":null,"abstract":"Panax stipuleanatus, a precious genetic resource, is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) in the Vietnam Red Data Book 2007 and in group IIa of Decree 32-CP. It is a species of high economic value that is being severely reduced in many individuals and mangrove plant communities and needs to be studied and preserved. A number of biological and ecological characteristics and vegetation structures in the distribution area of this species have been studied and determined. Specifically, the ambient temperature ranges from 4.9-25.5oC; humidity about 70-92%, rainfall 26-780 mm and sunshine hours 92-230 hours, soil with pH value 3.97; Total K2O 9.10(g/kg), Fe+2 27.24 (g/kg), total P 0.33%; Total N 0.28% and total organic carbon 4.97%. Panax stipuleanatus is discovered under the canopy of mixed vegetation of subtropical broadleaf trees from an altitude of 1.300-1.800m, with a slope of 12-16%, where the density of plant species is about 1.460 trees/ha, including species of importance index > 5%, such as Castanopsissp, LinderacaudataHook.f., Lithocarpusfordianus (Hemsl.) Chun, Schefflerapauciffora R. Vig., Schimawallichi (DC.) Korth and Prunusarborea Blume. These are considered important data on ecological biology and the specific distribution area of Panaxstipuleanatus, which is the foundation for researching, developing, and proposing preservation solutions, exploiting, and promoting this rare genetic resource in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124875736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twitter Sentiment Analysis Using Recurrent Neural Network","authors":"Iraj Smitesh Shah","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-003","url":null,"abstract":"Being one of the largest social media platforms, Twitter has a diverse community collaborating on a multitude of ideas. With large amounts of data being generated and collected on Twitter every day, it is the perfect platform to implement machine learning algorithms to analyze information in different tweets. A recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a specific algorithm that is used to solve problems involving sequential data such as texts or time series. In this paper, we use RNNs to classify a given tweet as either a positive or a negative sentiment. The RNN model we describe below was able to reach an accuracy of 76%. ","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124319409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Factors Influencing Call-Drop among Wireless Cellular Network Users in Ghana","authors":"K. Agbesi, Appiah Gyekye Louis","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/172415-415542-1-sm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/172415-415542-1-sm","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to examine the factors influencing call-drops among wireless cellular network users in Ghana. A total of 1109 wireless cellular network users participated in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to find out the latent factors influencing the call-drops among wireless cellular network users in Ghana. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed eight-factor constructs. Among these factors, limited cell towers, cell tower overload, and general power problems were found to be the highest contributory factors. The combined three factors accounted for almost 57% of the total variance. The study's results reveal that network factors play a major role among the factors influencing call-drops in Ghana. This implies that in dealing with call-drop problems in Ghana, policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders should pay attention to the network factors of wireless cellular networks.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"8 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129480456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Plankton Aspects for the Development of Eucheuma Cottoni Seaweed Cultivation at Barombong Beach, Makassar, Indonesia","authors":"P. .","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-002","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to determine the possibility of developing Eucheuma cottoni seaweed cultivation based on the aspect of the presence of plankton on Barombong Beach, Makassar. This research was conducted for 2 (two) months, namely from February to March 2021, by conducting 4 (four) sampling times. Determination of research locations based on differences in environmental characteristics at each research location. Station 1 (ST 1) is located around residential areas, Station 2 (ST 2) is located around the Barombong sports building, and Station 3 (ST 3) is located around the Jeneberang River Estuary. The tool used is a plankton net to capture plankton in the waters. The plankton parameters observed included plankton abundance, diversity index, and dominance. The data that has been collected is then analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that the highest level of plankton abundance occurred at Station 2 compared to other locations. The plankton diversity index in this research was quite high, with the highest level of diversity index also at Station 2. Furthermore, the highest dominance aspect also occurs at Station 2 compared to other stations. However, from the aspect of the presence of plankton, the research location is still possible to develop Eucheuma cottoni seaweed cultivation.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114600542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on the Phytochemical Screening and Chemical Composition of Chrysophyllum albidum and Anacardium occidentale Leaves Cultivated in South-western Nigeria","authors":"Adesanya Michael Ayomide, Akpowu George Arubi, Oreniyi Samuel Ayodele, Adigun Ayuba Mayowa, Oladimeji Tolulope Folasade, Yaako Yetambo Amuedor, Adanigbo Pelumi, Nwokediri David Ignatius, Oluwole Christianah Adedoyin","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-005","url":null,"abstract":"Using standard methods, using standard methods, the proximate composition, phytochemical screening, and mineral analyses were carried out on Chrysophyllum albidum and Anacardium occidentale leaves. The results of proximate composition showed that Anacardium occidentale leaves contain a significantly higher amount of crude protein (13.95%), crude fat (8.96%), crude fiber (14.97%), ash content (3.48%) and carbohydrate content (43.84%) compared to the respective values of 7.37%, 3.54%, 2.97%. 2.02% and 32.56% for Chrysophyllum albidum. However, the moisture content of Chrysophyllum albidum was higher than Anacardium occidentale. The phytochemicals detected in the ethanolic leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum were flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycoside, tannins, triterpenoid, saponin, and reducing sugar. However, triterpenoids and cardiac glycosides were absent in Anacardium occidentale leaves. The concentrations of all mineral elements were high, with Calcium having the highest concentration of all minerals in both leaves. As a result, the findings suggest that both leaves could serve as a source of highly nutritious feed and phytomedicine. Given the plant's diverse ethnopharmacological uses in various parts of the world, they are of nutritional, clinical, and veterinary importance.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Physico-chemical Parameters of Water and Soil around Pancana Beach, Barru Regency for Eucheuma Cottonii Seaweed Cultivation","authors":"Sri Wahidah, I. Baga, A. P. S. Idris, R. ., R. ., P. .","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i10/st2210-006","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the possibility of cultivating Eucheuma cottonii-type seaweed based on the study of physico-chemical parameters of water and soil around Pancana Beach, Barru Regency, Indonesia. The research was carried out for 2 months, from July to August 2022, by conducting four sampling times for the study of cultivation aspects, including physico-chemical water and soil parameters. Determination of research locations based on differences in environmental characteristics at each research location. Station (ST) A is located on a small river around Butung-Pancana, Station (ST) B is located around residential areas, and Station (ST) C is located around the estuary of Pancana. The data collected consisted of water physico-chemical parameter data, namely water temperature, salinity, water pH, water dissolved oxygen, phosphorus (PO4), and N-Total water. On the other hand, the soil parameters include the value of soil pH and soil texture. The data obtained were then collected, processed, and analyzed by descriptive analysis.The results showed that the value of the water physico-chemical parameters in the research location, namely around Pancana Beach, Barru Regency, Indonesia, which consisted of water temperatures in the range of 28.1-28.9, dissolved oxygen 4.18-6.01 ppm, water pH in the range of 6.3-7, salinity 31.33-32.33 ppt and PO4 and N-Total at the beginning and end of the study, were in the appropriate range, while the pH value of the soil is in the range of 7.82-8.01 and the soil texture is a sandy texture. Thus, it can be stated that the waters of Pancana Beach, Barru Regency are still suitable for the cultivation of Eucheuma cottoniii seaweed based on the physico-chemical parameters of water and soil.    ","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121620931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Spatiotemporal Land Use Land Cover Change on Land under Maize Production in Likuyani Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya","authors":"Henry Kangwana Shilibwa, Edward Masibayi, E. Neyole","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i9/st2209-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i9/st2209-005","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its large-scale production of maize seeds, Likuyani Sub-County is regularly known as Kenya's bread basket. The favorable soil and weather conditions are good for agricultural production and, more explicitly, maize, which is Kenya's staple food. Therefore, this study sought to understand the impact of land use land cover changes on land under maize production in Likuyani Sub-County, Kenya, between 1997 and 2017. Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI/ TIRS, and Sentinel 2A satellite images for the years 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 were analyzed using pixel-oriented supervised image classification technique to produce LULC maps and detect the associated changes. Analysis of remote sensing data on the six categories revealed that land under maize cultivation was reduced by 8.92%, which translated to an annual reduction rate of 0.45%, while land under buildings increased by 10.87%, an annual rate of 0.54% between 1997 and 2017. Grass/Shrub category cover had an annual decrease rate of 0.31%. Forest and swamps were the least affected during the study period. Through the use of statistical package for social science (SPSS version 25) software, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages, frequencies, and means. Quantitative data were summarized to determine the strength of the connection between the variables; the researcher conducted a regression analysis to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results were presented in tables, graphs, and pie charts. It was established that land change influenced maize production negatively. Fluctuating market prices (2%), population increase (30%), land subdivision (52%), and introduction of sugarcane farming were the main drivers of land use change. The findings from the research suggest that spatiotemporal land use land cover change had reduced the area of land under maize cultivation, thus negatively impacting the production of maize. The study recommends that there is a need to identify and implement best management practices to sustainably manage land in Likuyani Sub-County. This ought to include all key partners remembering nearby networks for recognizing, planning, and executing supportable methodologies for landing the executives. ","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126946942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}