Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Renaissance in photo-nanocatalysis: selectivity, enhanced catalytic activity, mechanisms, and applications in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds","authors":"Yasser M. A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Yinghui Han,&nbsp;Zarah Alqarni,&nbsp;Hany F. Nour","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen are the basic building blocks of many important natural products and pharmaceuticals. The synthesis and functionalization of these heterocycles thus receive significant attention. However, in large-scale production, conventional synthetic methods often involve harsh reaction conditions and generate significant amounts of toxic waste, which poses a serious risk to the environment. Photocatalysis has become an intriguing alternative due to its compliance with safety and environmental standards. Moreover, the construction and functionalization of heterocycles using visible light has proven to be a powerful, sustainable, and selective approach. Earlier investigations have shown that these transformations can be achieved through a variety of photocatalysts, such as metal complexes (e.g. Ru, Ir), nano-photocatalysts (e.g. CuO, CoO, Ni-supported nanocatalysts, TiO₂, Au, Au/CeO₂), and 2D-nanosheets (e.g. graphene (G), reduced graphene (rGO), graphene oxide (GO), and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄)). This review highlights the most recent advances in the synthesis of triazoles, tetrazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, indoles, quinolones, pyrimidines, quinazolines, and quinoxalines through photocatalytic approaches. Furthermore, the mechanisms that underlie the formation of these nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds were discussed. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"685-711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Ag-Mn3O4/SA/CNBs Nanocatalyst: a solution for organic pollutants reduction in wastewater","authors":"Maham Fatima,&nbsp;Shanza Rauf Khan,&nbsp;Sarmad Ali,&nbsp;Saba Jamil,&nbsp;Khurram Shahzad Munawar,&nbsp;Rimsha Aslam,&nbsp;Aiman Naeem,&nbsp;Muhammad Jamshed Latif","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel catalyst sodium alginate carbon nitride composite beads loaded with silver and manganese ions (Ag-Mn₃O₄/SA/CNBs) synthesized through an ionic gelation method to effectively reduce the organic pollutants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Catalyst is characterized by XRD, SEM, ICP, and FTIR to confirm the successful synthesis of the catalyst. The crystallinity of the catalyst was observed by XRD. SEM confirmed the flakes-like solid structure of sodium alginate carbon nitride beads (SA/CNBs) and the random structure morphology of Ag-Mn₃O₄/SA/CNBs. The adsorption capacity of Ag-Mn ions on SA/CNBs was measured by ICP and revealed that the adsorption of Ag is greater than Mn ions. FTIR examined the essential functional groups of catalysts. The catalyst was used with the reducing agent NaBH₄ against Rh, RB, MB, MO, Eosin, and MR to check the % reduction. Results reveal that Ag-Mn₃O₄/SA/CNBs is a promising catalyst in the reduction of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>% Reduction of Eosin is maximum (92) and MB is minimum (47.42), MR takes a shorter time (2.5 min) to reduce among all dyes, and Rh B takes maximum reduction time (22). All the reduction reactions follow pseudo-first-order reactions. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"740-748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated batch-type Fenton oxidation-electrocoagulation-adsorption system for COD and chromium removal from tannery wastewater","authors":"Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan,&nbsp;T. Ukendrakumar,&nbsp;M. Chockalingam,&nbsp;Veerabathiran Shanmugavijayakumar,&nbsp;J. S. Niranjan,&nbsp;R. Sugandan,&nbsp;K. Patchai Murugan","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leather industry wastewater and processing by-products from coconut coir pith require immediate intervention, as they pose a significant threat to the ecosystem. This study explores the use of coconut coir pith processing waste for the development of activated carbon (AC) adsorbent and Fe₃O₄/AC based Fenton catalyst, followed by integrating them with electrocoagulation and adsorption processes for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chromium from the tannery wastewater.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The surface area (AC-507.51 m²/g, Fe₃O₄/AC–210.06 m²/g) and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis validated the formation of pores on the AC after KOH activation, and the decrease in the surface area endorsed Fe₃O₄/AC composite formation. The initial chemical oxygen demand and chromium concentration of raw (Pvm Raw) and equalization tank (Pvm EQ) tannery wastewater were 4000 and 120 mg/L, 3360 and 148 mg/L, respectively. The results revealed that overall, 85.6% and 88.57% of COD and 99.35% and 98.28% of chromium were removed after the integrated Fenton oxidation-electrocoagulation-adsorption treatment of Pvm Raw and Pvm EQ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings highlight the potential of coconut coir pith processing waste derived activated carbons and Fe₃O₄/AC as an efficient and sustainable material for adsorption and Fenton oxidation processes. Further, the batch-type integrated Fenton oxidation-electrocoagulation-adsorption processes showed significant efficacy in COD and chromium removal from the tannery wastewater. In conclusion, the value addition of waste materials for the construction of integrated reactors could be a promising solution for the solid and liquid waste management process. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"868-885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating VFA accumulation in hydrogen-assisted anaerobic digestion through MEC integration","authors":"Afrooz Bayat,&nbsp;Ricardo Bello-Mendoza","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biological hydrogenotrophic methanization is a promising method to improve biogas quality in anaerobic digestion systems. However, hydrogen-assisted anaerobic digesters (AD-H₂) are prone to volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation and process instability. There is a need for solutions to mitigate the risks associated with hydrogen addition in anaerobic digestion while harnessing its benefits. This study aimed to investigate whether microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) integration can mitigate VFA accumulation caused by hydrogen addition in AD systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed that the integration of the MEC increased methane yield in a hydrogen-assisted anaerobic digester (i.e. a MEC-H₂ system), achieving 391.80 mL CH₄ per g of COD removed (COD_r). In comparison, the AD-H₂ reactor produced 334.42 mL CH₄/g COD_r. Additionally, about 45.04% less acetate was observed in the MEC-H₂ compared to the AD-H₂ system, while concurrently, residual COD was lower in the MEC-H₂ system by 39.10% and 27.40% compared to the AD-H₂ and conventional AD reactors, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The integration of MEC with the AD-H₂ promoted the enrichment of acetoclastic methanogens (Methanotrix genus) on the cathode surface, which supports the view that the enhanced methane production in MEC systems is due to the effective degradation of VFAs <i>via</i> direct electron transfer. Integrating an MEC with a hydrogen-assisted anaerobic digestion system can provide more stable reactor performance and higher bioenergy production. © 2026 The Author(s). <i>Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"915-924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jctb.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RSM-optimized dual-catalyst system: green and efficient synthesis of bio-based PETO from renewable plant-derived feedstocks","authors":"Mingzhu Sun,&nbsp;Linlin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bio-based oleic acid pentaerythritol ester (PETO) is a crucial green feedstock for high-end high-temperature lubricants. Existing synthesis processes are hindered by low catalytic efficiency, high energy consumption, and suboptimal yields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> OBJECTIVE</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to develop an efficient, low-energy green synthesis process for PETO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> METHOD</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A ‘dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) + tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB)’ dual-catalyst system was used, and the transesterification process was optimized by ‘single-factor prescreening—Box-Behnken response surface optimization’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The optimization model showed high reliability (R² &gt; 0.99). Under optimized conditions (DBTO 1.56%, TBAB 0.7%, 269.86 °C, molar ratio 4.71:1, 4 h), PETO yield reached 96.89%, far exceeding conventional processes. TBAB synergistically enhances DBTO's catalytic efficiency by reducing interfacial resistance, and no water-carrying agent is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> SIGNIFICANCE</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The integrated DBTO+TBAB dual-catalyst and RSM system provides a green, scalable PETO synthesis solution, facilitating industrial application and conforming to sustainable manufacturing principles. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"858-867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-optimized electrocoagulation–Electroflotation augmented with Palygorskite or zeolite for high-strength printing wastewater treatment","authors":"Vasilios Vayenas,&nbsp;Christina Vasiliki Lazaratou,&nbsp;Qun Yan,&nbsp;Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou,&nbsp;Vasilios I. Georgakilas,&nbsp;Dimitris V. Vayenas","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Printing ink wastewater (PIW) contains high concentrations of organic matter, suspended solids, and colorants that challenge conventional treatment methods. Electrocoagulation–electroflotation (EC/EF) has emerged as a promising technique for such complex effluents. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of EC/EF using aluminum, iron, and stainless-steel electrodes for PIW treatment and to assess performance improvements when coupled in a single step with adsorbents, such as palygorskite (EC/EF–P) and zeolite (EC/EF–Z).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initial optimization focused on pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.5) and electrode type. Varying initial COD concentrations (~10 000–27 000 mg/L) had negligible impact on removal efficiencies, which remained high: COD (&gt;90%), total suspended solids (&gt;99%) and color (&gt;90%). Notably, at lower initial COD levels (12 000 and 9970 mg/L), effluent COD concentrations were reduced below 1000 mg/L, meeting the discharge limits of the regional centralized wastewater treatment plant. The EC/EF–P and EC/EF–Z systems revealed that adsorbent addition significantly enhanced process performance. Palygorskite (6.0 g/L) accelerated COD removal, particularly under suboptimal electrochemical conditions, indicating its synergy with the EC/EF process. Zeolite (6.0 g/L) at pH 6.0 increased COD removal rate to 73.28 mg/(L·h) (20 min), compared to 48.38 mg/(L·h) (30 min) with palygorskite.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight EC/EF, especially when augmented with adsorbents, as a highly effective strategy for rapid and compliant treatment of high-strength industrial wastewater. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"798-815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on iron-based materials regulating ORP in anaerobic systems for enhanced organic wastewater degradation","authors":"Zhixuan Chen,&nbsp;Jiapeng Peng,&nbsp;Yilin Shang,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Lizhi Du,&nbsp;Yingwen Chen,&nbsp;Mengjie Fan,&nbsp;Aiguo Gu,&nbsp;Bei Guan","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iron-based materials can optimize the metabolic activity of anaerobic microorganisms by regulating the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) of the anaerobic degradation system, thereby promoting the chain scission of organic matter. In this study, a one-pot synthesis approach was utilized to fabricate Fe-C, Fe-N-C, and Fe-S-C materials, which were subsequently compared with nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI). A series of microbial metabolic activity experiments were conducted to evaluate the capabilities of these diverse materials in regulating ORP in anaerobic environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When the dosage of Fe-C material is 0.5 g L⁻¹, it attains an optimal redox potential of −360 mV, at which point it achieves nearly the highest degradation efficiency for pure terephthalic acid (PTA). Moreover, the regulation of ORP exhibits a more significant effect on boosting the methanogenesis phase. Lower ORP is beneficial to promote the enrichment of microorganisms engaged in methanogenic co-metabolism. Characterization analyses indicate that the high proportions of Fe⁰ and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ within the Fe-C material contribute to improved electron transfer efficiency, thereby enhancing its capacity for ORP regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The excellent ORP regulation capability of Fe-C material is closely related to its superior electron transfer efficiency. These findings indicate that Fe-C material is a promising ORP regulation catalyst, providing crucial parameters and theoretical support for the enhancement of industrial wastewater anaerobic treatment processes. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"749-765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis for hydroxy acids production from waste cellulose via alkaline digestion","authors":"Farangis Fallahmehneh,&nbsp;Massimiliano Errico,&nbsp;Kristian Melin,&nbsp;Tuomo Sainio","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alkaline digestion offers a promising route for converting low-grade cellulosic wastes into valuable hydroxy carboxylic acids (HAs). However, the feasibility of producing HAs at process scale, particularly the influence of reactor design on product yields, energy demand, and production costs, remains less explored. This study integrates a detailed kinetic model with process simulation to evaluate techno-economic performance of three process options that differ in reactor configuration and operating temperature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The batch reactor with a temperature profile (BR-TP) showed the highest selectivity toward glucoisosaccharinic acid (GISA), reaching approximately 65% of total HAs at target temperature of 200 °C, whereas the isothermal batch (BR-IsoT) and isothermal CSTR (CSTR-IsoT) favored smaller hydroxy acids (SHA). The CSTR-IsoT offered shorter residence times at moderate conversions but required dramatically longer times at high conversions; at 200 °C, achieving the target conversion required 38-fold longer time compared with BR-TP. Techno-economic analysis identified BR-TP-200 with the lowest total production cost (TPC) at 0.532 €/kg of product. In contrast, CSTR-IsoT-200 exhibited the highest TPC (0.928 €/kg). Energy consumption varied from 3.93 kW/kg of product in the BR-TP (lowest) to 5.1 kW/kg of product in the CSTR-IsoT. Sensitivity analysis confirmed raw materials as the dominant contributor to cost variability, while utility price fluctuations had minimal effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Batch operation, particularly BR-TP, delivers the most favorable trade-off between selectivity, energy use, and production cost, confirming the feasibility of alkaline digestion for HAs production. Future studies should validate the model with real wastes and develop improved reactor and alkali-recovery strategies for scale-up. © 2026 The Author(s). <i>Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"904-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jctb.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO NPs)–alginate–PEG–activated carbon nanocomposite for efficient Cr(VI) removal from electroplating wastewater: adsorption isotherms and eco-toxicity evaluation","authors":"M Lavanya,&nbsp;S Karthick Raja Namasivayam","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wastewater treatment utilizing nanotechnology principles has gained more attention recently due to the high removal efficacy of toxic pollutants with high biocompatibility and eco-friendliness. This research utilizes an <i>in situ</i> green synthesis method to synthesize a nanoscale zinc oxide–sodium alginate–poly(ethylene glycol)–activated carbon nanocomposite coated with <i>Clitoria ternatea</i> extract (CLT-PEG-AC-ZnO) for the effective remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from electroplating industry effluent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Structural characterization via UV–visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) validated the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles at 340 nm, while scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses verified a heterogeneous, porous morphology with particle dimensions ranging from 10 to 100 nm. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed functional groups that indicate good molecular interactions in the nanocomposite. The XRD patterns of the CLT-PEG-AC-ZnO nanocomposite exhibited distinct peaks at 2<i>θ</i> values of 31°, 34°, and 36°, aligning with ZnO (JCPDS card no. 36-1451), hence confirming its primarily amorphous structure. Optimal conditions for Cr(VI) removal were pH = 7, temperature of 40 °C, a 90 min contact time, and 0.5 g adsorbent dosage. Under these conditions, the equilibrium data adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model (<i>R</i>² = 0.8765), indicating a monolayer adsorption mechanism on particular localized sites with a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.5091 mg g⁻¹. Zebrafish embryos exposed to <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibility profiling showed no negative effects on morphological development, heart rate, or survival. <i>Vigna radiata</i> seedlings exhibited minimal toxicity, identifying this composite as a nontoxic alternative to traditional chemical treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate the significant potential of the CLT-PEG-AC-ZnO nanocomposite as a scalable, biocompatible, and environmentally safe material for the sustained removal of potentially toxic heavy metals from intricate environmental matrices. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"886-903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amylase production by Halobyssothecium cf. unicellulare under submerged and solid state fermentation: biotechnological potential of a thermotolerant aquatic isolate","authors":"Adriana Jazmín Legorreta-Castañeda,&nbsp;Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez,&nbsp;Karina García-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Miguel Emiliano Hernández-Fernández,&nbsp;Carla Cervantes-Camacho,&nbsp;Cristina Burrola-Aguilar,&nbsp;Dario Rafael Olicón-Hernández","doi":"10.1002/jctb.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jctb.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungi from aquatic environments, such as caves and hot springs, are promising sources of novel enzymes with significant biotechnological potential, particularly amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) Despite their relevance, members of the genus <i>Halobyssothecium</i> have been rarely reported and their enzymatic potential remains unexplored. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize a thermotolerant fungal strain from thermal caves and to evaluate its ability to produce amylases under different fermentation conditions. Microorganisms exposed to extreme climatic and geographic conditions represent an underexplored source of enzymatic diversity within fungal microbiota, offering valuable insights into their metabolic capabilities and potential biotechnological applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A fungal isolate identified as <i>Halobyssothecium cf. unicellulare</i> was obtained from sediment samples. Morphological and molecular analyses, including ITS sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction, confirmed its close affiliation with <i>H. unicellulare</i>. Pellet formation in submerged culture showed an inverse relationship between inoculum size and pellet diameter. Low inoculum levels produced fewer, larger pellets, whereas higher inoculum amounts generated a greater number of smaller pellets, indicating that inoculum size strongly influences pellet morphology. Qualitative assays revealed high amylolytic activity on a solid medium, with enzymatic indices above 1.9 even under saline conditions (10% NaCl), suggesting halotolerance. Extracellular amylase production was evaluated under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). The highest volumetric activity (8.25 U/mL) and specific activity (20.54 U/mg) were obtained under SSF at 45 °C on day 10—approximately 446-fold higher than the specific activity observed under SmF at the same time point (0.046 U/mg).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study reports, for the first time, the amylolytic potential of <i>Halobyssothecium cf. unicellulare</i>. The marked thermotolerant and halotolerant properties of its extracellular amylases highlight the relevance of this genus as a novel source of industrially valuable enzymes, advancing the search for robust biocatalysts from extreme aquatic environments. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology","volume":"101 4","pages":"827-840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}