Synthesis of ZnO/TiO2–biochar from durian husk for efficient dye adsorption and degradation

IF 2.4 4区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI:10.1002/jctb.70038

Tran Minh Khang, Tran Thi Bich Quyen, Luong Huynh Vu Thanh, Ngo Nguyen Tra My, Bui Le Anh Tuan, Duy Toan Pham, Nguyen Thi Kim Lien, Doan Van Hong Thien, Ngo Truong Ngoc Mai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The overuse of dyes is causing serious water pollution globally, becoming an urgent environmental problem. Consequently, studying dye wastewater treatment solutions has become a crucial research field. While durian husk biochar (BDH) is recognized for its excellent adsorption of organic molecules, studies on its combination with ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) and enhancement of methylene blue (MB) degradation remain limited.

RESULTS

In this study, BDH/ZnO/TiO₂ NPs were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using ethanol and ammonia as solvents. BHD was produced through pyrolysis under oxygen-limited conditions and activated with H₃PO₄ to enhance its physicochemical properties. The resulting TiO₂ (anatase phase, 20–35 nm) and ZnO (wurtzite structure, 100–240 nm) were well dispersed on the porous biochar matrix, which exhibited increased porosity (14.761–34.143 Å) and surface area approximately 5.5 times higher than raw biochar. The photocatalytic and adsorption performance of the materials were evaluated under UV irradiation (365 nm, 100 min) using 10 ppm MB. The removal efficiency of BDH achieved 75.77%, significantly outperforming pure TiO₂ (58.52%) and ZnO (40.38%). The novel BDH/ZnO/TiO₂ nanocomposite exhibited superior capabilities, achieving 98.57% removal and maintaining over 95% efficiency after three regeneration cycles. The adsorption of MB by BDH/ZnO/TiO₂ best fits the Freundlich isotherm model, showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 52.21 mg g⁻¹.

CONCLUSION

These results highlight the dual functionality of BDH/ZnO/TiO₂ NPs in dye adsorption and photocatalytic degradation, confirming their potential in wastewater treatment. The study also emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of valorizing agricultural waste into high-performance, sustainable materials. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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以榴莲壳为原料合成氧化锌/二氧化钛生物炭对染料的高效吸附和降解

染料的过度使用在全球范围内造成了严重的水污染，成为一个迫在眉睫的环境问题。因此，染料废水处理方案的研究已成为一个重要的研究领域。虽然榴莲壳生物炭（BDH）因其对有机分子的良好吸附而被公认，但其与ZnO和TiO2纳米颗粒（NPs）结合以及增强亚甲基蓝（MB）降解的研究仍然有限。结果本研究以乙醇和氨为溶剂，水热法制备了BDH/ZnO/TiO2纳米粒子。BHD是在限氧条件下热解生成的，并以H3PO4活化以增强其理化性能。制备的TiO2（锐钛矿相，20 ~ 35 nm）和ZnO（纤锌矿结构，100 ~ 240 nm）在多孔生物炭基体上分散良好，孔隙度（14.761 ~ 34.143 Å）和比表面积约为原生物炭的5.5倍。在10 ppm MB的紫外照射下（365 nm, 100 min），对材料的光催化和吸附性能进行了评价，BDH的去除率达到75.77%，显著优于纯TiO2（58.52%）和ZnO（40.38%）。新型BDH/ZnO/TiO2纳米复合材料表现出优异的去除率，经过3次再生循环后去除率达到98.57%，效率保持在95%以上。BDH/ZnO/TiO2对MB的吸附符合Freundlich等温线模型，最大吸附量为52.21 mg g−1。结论BDH/ZnO/TiO2 NPs具有染料吸附和光催化降解的双重功能，在废水处理中具有一定的应用潜力。该研究还强调了将农业废弃物转化为高性能、可持续材料的环境和经济效益。©2025化学工业学会（SCI）。

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来源期刊

Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

5.90%

发文量

268

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology(JCTB) is an international, inter-disciplinary peer-reviewed journal concerned with the application of scientific discoveries and advancements in chemical and biological technology that aim towards economically and environmentally sustainable industrial processes.