{"title":"Development of the Larval Serotonergic Nervous System in the Sea Star Patiriella regularis as Revealed by Confocal Imaging.","authors":"F Chee, M Byrne","doi":"10.2307/1542609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Development of the nervous system in the larvae of the sea star Patiriella regularis was reconstructed in three dimensions. The optical sectioning and image processing capabilities of the confocal microscope made it possible to identify the precise location and timing of development of serotonergic cells in relation to subsequent development of larval features. Similarities between this system and the serotonergic systems in larvae of other echinoderms were explored. Neuronal-like immunoreactive cells and processes first appeared in late gastrulae as a collection of cells scattered across the animal pole. These cells subsequently gave rise to basal axons positioned along the basal lamina. Immunopositive cells located in the stomodaeal region marked the beginnings of formation of the adoral ciliated band. Cells were also present in the mid-dorsal epithelium. Advanced bipinnaria had pyramidal immunoreactive cells within the adoral band and ovoid immunoreactive cells within the preoral and postoral ciliated bands. Processes originating from neurons in the transverse region of the preoral ciliated band extended into the buccal cavity, suggesting that these cells have a sensory role in feeding. An anterior ganglion formed in the late bipinnaria, innervating the preoral and postoral ciliated bands. This connection has not previously been described. It thus appears that the ciliated bands in the bipinnaria larvae of P. regularis communicate via serotonergic nerve tracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Courtship Sounds of the Pacific Damselfish, Abudefduf sordidus (Pomacentridae).","authors":"P S Lobel, L M Kerr","doi":"10.2307/1542627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"242-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Canfield, L Claessens, C Hopkinson, E Rastetter, J Vallino
{"title":"Long-Term Effect of Municipal Water Use on the Water Budget of the Ipswich River Basin.","authors":"S Canfield, L Claessens, C Hopkinson, E Rastetter, J Vallino","doi":"10.2307/1542661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"295-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 𝛿-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase of Marine Vibrio alginolyticus is Resistant to Lead (Pb).","authors":"O A Ogunseitan, S L Yang, E Scheinbach","doi":"10.2307/1542653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"283-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contact with Squid Egg Capsules Increases Agonistic Behavior in Male Squid (Loligo pealei).","authors":"A J King, S A Adamo, R T Hanlon","doi":"10.2307/1542636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Circadian Rhythms in the Limulus Eye.","authors":"V J Ruta, F A Dodge, R B Barlow","doi":"10.2307/1542621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542621","url":null,"abstract":"The visual system of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, shows a remarkable circadian rhythm in sensitivity. About the time of sunset, a circadian oscillator in the brain of the animal generates efferent optic nerve signals to the lateral eye modulating both its structure and function. The overall increase in sensitivity nearly compensates for the reduction in ambient light at night (1, 2). High nighttime visual sensitivity appears to be important for mating, a visually guided behavior that the animals can accomplish as well at night as in the day (3). The mechanisms underlying the elegant adaptation of the Limulus eye to dim nighttime illumination include anatomical changes in the retina that increase photon catch at the expense of spatial resolution, and physiological changes that enhance the summation of photon events at the expense of temporal resolution. Here we evaluate further the effect of the circadian clock on two","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"233-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid: A Component of the Aggregation Factor Secreted by the Marine Sponge, Microciona prolifera.","authors":"W J Kuhns, M M Burger, E Turley","doi":"10.2307/1542650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"277-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavior of Hemocytes in the Allorejection Reaction in Two Compound Ascidians, Botryllus scalaris and Symplegma reptans.","authors":"M Shirae, E Hirose, Y Saito","doi":"10.2307/1542614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In botryllid ascidians, the type of allorejection reaction differs among species. Comparative studies of these different reactions contribute to our understanding of the allorecognition and nonself-rejection system. We studied the morphology of hemocyte behavior during allorejection reactions in two species, Botryllus scalaris and Symplegma reptans, which stand at important points in botryllid phylogeny. In B. scalaris, phagocytes mediated hemocyte aggregation, resulting in interruption of blood flow just after vascular fusion of incompatible colonies. Although previous studies indicate that morula cells (MCs) play a central role in the rejection reaction, the MCs of B. scalaris did not participate in the rejection reaction. Colonies of S. reptans showed two types of allorejection reaction that started at different points in the process of vascular fusion between two colonies. In both types of rejection reaction, the MCs played a central role and behaved similarly to those of all botryllids except B. scalaris and a botryllid from Israel. These observations suggest that the differences in hemocyte behavior and allorecognition site observed in this study reflect the variation in allorejection reactions among botryllids.</p>","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Salinity Effects on Nitrogen Dynamics in Estuarine Sediment Investigated by a Plug-flux Method.","authors":"T Mondrup","doi":"10.2307/1542656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"287-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}