The Biological bulletin最新文献

{"title":"The Sexually Dichromatic Use of Chromatophores for Cryptic Coloration in the Shrimp Neopontonides beaufortensis","authors":"Rachael M Best, Ally L. Swan, S. A. Ellsworth, Don R. Levitan","doi":"10.1086/731494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Two Insulin Receptors from the Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus: Molecular Characterization, Expression Analysis, and Interactions with Insulin-Like Androgenic Gland Hormone","authors":"Zhenya Wang, Mengen Wang, Shisheng Tu, Ping Tuo, Xi Xie, Dongfa Zhu","doi":"10.1086/731055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"136 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadal Degeneration Is Mediated by Apoptotic Processes in the Semelparous Gray Side-Gilled Sea Slug <i>Pleurobranchaea maculata</i>","authors":"Verena Bökenhans, María Florencia Abascal, Sebastián Giulianelli, Andrés Averbuj","doi":"10.1086/727971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727971","url":null,"abstract":"Species undergoing postreproductive death experience great changes in their reproductive organs, which are driven by numerous physiological processes. To assess whether apoptotic processes are involved in the dynamics of the reproductive organs of Pleurobranchaea maculata, the gonadal structure of this semelparous side-gilled sea slug was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Apoptotic cells at different gonadal developmental stages were detected by in situ TUNEL assay. Apoptosis was primarily focused on spermatogonia during gonadal cell proliferation, probably as a regulatory mechanism that maintains homeostasis in reproductive cells. Visible gonadal degeneration at the end of the reproductive period is accompanied by apoptosis of the basal lamina cells of the acini, suggesting that apoptotic processes are involved in the gonadal degeneration observed in P. maculata.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135240772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evo-Devo in Ophiuroids: The Switch from Planktotrophy to Lecithotrophy in <i>Ophionereis</i>","authors":"Paulina Selvakumaraswamy, Maria Byrne","doi":"10.1086/727755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727755","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the evolution of development (evo-devo) in the Ophiuroidea and the pathways in the switch from a feeding to a nonfeeding larva is complicated by the variability in the phenotype of the metamorphic larva, being a reduced yolky ophiopluteus in some species (type I development) and a vitellaria larva in others (type II development). We investigated evo-devo in the family Ophionereididae, a group dominated by lecithotrophic development through a vitellaria larva. We reared the planktotrophic larvae of Ophionereis fasciata to settlement to determine the metamorphic phenotype. Counter to expectations, O. fasciata did not exhibit type II metamorphosis through a vitellaria, although it did exhibit transient vitellaria-like features. Resorption of the larval arms in the same interradial positions where the ciliary bands form in vitellariae gave them a fleeting vitellaria-like appearance. Development of O. fasciata exhibits heterochronic features in early formation of the skeletal primordium of the third pair (postoral) of larval arms and in the presettlement juvenile early appearance of the juvenile terminal arm plates on external view in parallel with larval arm resorption. Development of the fourth pair (posterodorsal) of larval arms, the last pair to be formed, is plastic, with 44% of larvae exhibiting partial arm growth. Heterochronic traits in development, as seen in O. fasciata, may have facilitated evolution of a lecithotrophic mode of development in Ophionereis. Comparison of the ophiopluteus of O. fasciata and the vestigial pluteus of O. schayeri provided insights into the simplification of larval form from the ancestral (feeding larva) state in Ophionereis. The diverse metamorphic phenotypes in ophiuroids indicate that type I and type II development may not be completely divergent lines of evo-devo and point to selective pressure in the pelagic-benthic transition in the evolution of ophiuroid development.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"70 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/727853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727853","url":null,"abstract":"Next article FreeAbout the CoverPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreA complete embryo of Amphioctopus fangsiao (top) and a magnified image of developing suckers (bottom).In this issue (pp. 82–93), R. Kimbara, H. Kohtsuka, and T. Miura explore developmental processes of sucker formation during embryogenesis in two octopus species, Octopus parvus and A. fangsiao. In O. parvus, in which hatchlings are pelagic, sucker formation stops at a relatively early embryonic stage. In contrast, in A. fangsiao, which exhibits a benthic posthatching lifestyle, sucker production continues throughout embryogenesis. These findings suggest that the heterochronic shift of sucker formation processes would result in different types of morphologies that are adapted to the lifestyles of each species.The image of the embryo was obtained using a stereomicroscope. The fluorescent image of suckers, in which nuclei (DNA) and cytoskeletons (F-actin) were stained, respectively, with DAPI (cyan) and rhodamine-phalloidin (red), was obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope.Credits: Photos: Toru Miura, Misaki Marine Biological Station, University of Tokyo, Japan. Cover design: Toru Miura and Olivia Kinker (University of Chicago Press). Next article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Biological Bulletin Volume 244, Number 2April 2023 Published in association with the Marine Biological Laboratory Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/727853 © 2023 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135772478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/727854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727854","url":null,"abstract":"Previous articleNext article FreeFront MatterPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Biological Bulletin Volume 244, Number 2April 2023 Published in association with the Marine Biological Laboratory Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/727854 © 2023 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135772477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/725890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725890","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/725891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the cover","authors":"G. Marx","doi":"10.1177/000276426100400811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000276426100400811","url":null,"abstract":"tion of scale patterns assuming perfect scalability. But such success may be based on any one or more of the three bases mentioned above. Since CR is not a measure solely of scalability, it cannot be an accurate measure of scalability. That a high CR can result from the chance factor of extreme marginals has been recognized in sociological and psychological literature, and at least one political scientist has called attention to the problem. But the solution adopted has been to warn against extreme marginals and to promote an awareness of the relation between the marginals and the Guttman coefficient. For judicial cases this has meant excluding, for purposes of computing CR, all cases in which the vote of the justices has split 9-0, 8-0, 8-1, and 7-0. But this can cover up the extremeness of individuals. Moreover, any cutting point for the exclusion of cases must be arbitrarily or subjeotively chosen and thus the CR will still reflect the extremeness of whatever marginals are included. So, even if the most extreme cases are left out, the coefficient continues to reflect the magnitude of the marginals and, therefore, measures something other than scalability. An automatic correction for extremeness which avoids the subjective treatment of the problem has been devised by MenzelZ and is known as the coefficient of scalability (CS ). CS=l-E/ME, where E is total inconsistencies or errors in the scale and ME is the maximum errors possible. Maximum errors for items, ME(items) = I x N ~ ~ , ~ , . where I is the number of cases, N is the number of justices, and f,,. is the frequency of response for the modal category of a case. Maximum errors for individuals, ME(ind . )=IxN-z s where s is the subscore for the modal category of a justice. Since the coefficient of scalability measures scalability only, the ratio of CS/CR delineates that portion of the CR resulting from the factor of marginal extremeness. The level of significance for CS has been tentatively set at .60 to .65 by Menzel but, of course, this is no more objective than Guttman’s choice of -90 for a significant CR. Since in Table I we have used cases in which the marginals are as extreme as those eliminated under the standard described above, we may ask the extent to which the CR of .963 is a measure of scalability. The ME to be inserted in the formula CS = 1 E/ME is the smaller of the h4E for items and the ME for individuals, since the smaller of two maxima is the effective one. This turns out to be ME for cases, whioh in the case in question is 75. Thus CS = 1 8/75 or 394. Since this figure is considerably above the .60-.65 level and only very slightly below the .90 level we may conclude that an unusually high degree of scalability is present in our scale. We therefore reject H, for H, and conclude that the justices of the Supreme Court responded to civil liberty cases in the 1959 term in ternis of one dominant variableattitude toward deprivation of civil liberty.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132061317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}