The Biological bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Extracellular Survival of an Intracellular Parasite (Spraguea lophii, Microsporea).","authors":"E Weidner, A Findley","doi":"10.2307/1542645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542645","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"270-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Size and Summer Home Range of the Green Crab, Carcinus maenas, in Salt Marsh Tidal Creeks.","authors":"T Young, S Komarow, L Deegan, R Garritt","doi":"10.2307/1542662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542662","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1979-1988 water budget (Fig. Ic), which is representative of current conditions, evapotranspiration (541 mm/y) and streamflow (538 mm/y) each account for about 45% of precipitation (1180 mm/y). Diversions leaving the basin (143 mm/y) are greater than diversions entering the basin (33 mm/y). The change in storage (-9 mm/y) is small. However, in this study, we ignored the absolute value of the storage component because it is highly dependent on the evapotranspiration estimate, which is the least accurate component of any large-scale water budget; only the temporal variation is considered. During the summer months (Fig. Id), the change in storage is most negative, due to increasing evapotranspiration, and it is coincident with decreasing rainfall and streamflow. Diversions remain relatively constant hroughout the year, with high groundwater pumping during the summer balanced by surface water withdrawals into reservoirs during the rest of the year. The effect of diversions should be most apparent during the summer months because streamflow is lowest at this time. With increasing water demands, diversions have become a major component of the water budget-they currently represent 15%20% of the streamflow. Our analyses of the water budget did not reveal any significant long-term trend in change in storage or in streamflow. This suggests that to understand the impact of diversions on the system we ought to reduce the time step (to daily or hourly) to examine changes in streamflow; focus the study area on the upper Ipswich basin where low flows occur and the river dries up most frequently; and look at different indices of hydrological change, such as the number of days of low flow and groundwater levels. Low streamflow is detrimental not only to the river ecosystems, but also to the downstream estuary, where alterations in salinity during the summer months could increase the stress on estuarine communities, a topic that requires further research. This research has been supported by the NSF-BUMP REU program, the Cox Charitable Trust, and the NSF grants: OCE9726921, DEB-9726862, and EAR-9807632. We thank the water departments of those towns that provided data and assistance, the Ipswich River Watershed Association, the Department of Environmental Protection, and Gil Pontius and colleagues at Clark University.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542662","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Reporter Gene System Biomarker for Detecting Contamination in Tropical Marine Sediments.","authors":"L M Kerr, P S Lobel, J M Ingoglia","doi":"10.2307/1542665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542665","url":null,"abstract":"A major challenge in conducting field assessments of potential ecological impacts is optimizing the number of samples and the costs. This is especially important in light of the growing concern over the presence of persistent organic contaminants, such as PCBs, dioxins, furans, and PAHs in sediments. A reporter gene system (RGS) assay that measures induction of the CYP1A1 gene and transcription of P450 enzyme systems is often used to assess potential toxicity of these compounds in environmental samples (1, 2, 3). RGS has gained acceptance as an inexpensive, rapid method for screening environmental samples for contaminants (4, 5). The RGS approach has been validated in the laboratory with pure compounds, known chemical mixtures, and from field-collected sediments by comparing RGS system response and chemical concentrations (1, 2, 3, 6). Our study differed from other validation studies in two respects: we used field-collected sediments over a wide range of contaminant concentrations and evaluated RGS response to sediment samples containing a mixture of dioxins, furans, and PAHs. With few exceptions, the previous validation studies using field-collected samples used fairly small sample sizes and generally evaluated one chemical group (3, 6). Few studies have compared large numbers of samples containing both PAHs and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) over the range reported here. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a high correlation between RGS response and chemistry results from the same samples. If this proves to be the case, the assay could be used to screen large areas at a relatively low cost. Samples exhibiting high responses could be targeted for further characterization using more precise, but costly, GC/MS methods. Matched sediment samples (n = 31) were collected off the northwestern shore of Johnston Island, adjacent to potential sources of PAHs and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (Site 1), and at sites farther removed from the potential contaminant sources (Sites 3, 4). To ensure blind analysis of the samples, P450 RGS assays were conducted by MEC Analytical Systems (Carlsbad, California) and Columbia Analytical Services (Vista, California) while chemical analyses were completed by the Toxic Contaminant Research Laboratory at Wright State University (Dayton, Ohio). The RGS assay used in this study was developed by Anderson et al. (1) and detailed methods have been described (1, 7). Induction in the assay is dependent upon the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation pathway. AhR ligands, including planar PCBs, PAHs, and TCDD, bind to AhR, activating it and resulting in its translocation to the nucleus of the cell. In the nucleus, the activated","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"303-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vanadate on Actin-dependent Vesicle Motility in Extracts of Clam Oocytes.","authors":"T Wöllert, A S DePina, G M Langford","doi":"10.2307/1542642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542642","url":null,"abstract":"http://www.jstor.org Effects of Vanadate on Actin-Dependent Vesicle Motility in Extracts of Clam Oocytes Author(s): Torsten Wöllert, Ana S. DePina and George M. Langford Source: Biological Bulletin, Vol. 197, No. 2, Centennial Issue: October, 1899-1999 (Oct., 1999), pp. 265-266 Published by: Marine Biological Laboratory Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1542642 Accessed: 13-03-2016 03:06 UTC","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"265-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cuticular Secretion of the Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus: A Potential Anti-fouling Agent.","authors":"J M Harrington, P B Armstrong","doi":"10.2307/1542647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542647","url":null,"abstract":"Solid surfaces placed in the ocean are targets for colonization by all manner of sessile fouling organisms. Although the carapace of the horseshoe crab presents just such an opportunity for colonization, it is usually surprisingly clean of macroscopic colonizers. The dorsal surfaces of the cephalothorax of 8 of 16 randomly chosen animals from the Marine Resources Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory were completely free of macroscopic fouling organisms and in a second sample of 10 randomly chosen animals, 6.09% of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax was occupied by macroscopic colonizers. In these samples, the commonest fouling organisms were members of the genera Crepidula (a sessile gastropod) and Balanus (barnacles). Some common sessile organisms, such as bryozoans, tunicates, and green algae, were not present on these animals.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"274-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoreceptor Pigments of the Blueback Herring (Alosa aestevalis, Clupeidae) and the Atlantic Silverside (Menidia menidia, Atherinidae).","authors":"I N Flamarique, F I Hárosi","doi":"10.2307/1542622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"235-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Hemolytic Activity in the Plasma of the Gastropod Busycon canaliculatum.","authors":"C Biswas, P B Armstrong","doi":"10.2307/1542649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"276-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophenoloxidase Is Not Activated by Microbial Signals in Limulus polyphemus.","authors":"A Vasse, A Child, N Wainwright","doi":"10.2307/1542652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542652","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"281-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Jumps and Bioluminescence Elicited by Controlled Hydrodynamic Stimuli in a Mesopelagic Copepod, Pleuromamma xiphias.","authors":"D K Hartline,&nbsp;E J Buskey,&nbsp;P H Lenz","doi":"10.2307/1542610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actively vertically migrating mesopelagic copepods are preyed upon by a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates. Their responses to predatory attacks include vigorous escape jumps and discharge of bioluminescent material. Escape jumps and bioluminescent discharges in the calanoid copepod Pleuromamma xiphias were elicited by quantified hydrodynamic disturbances. Brief weak stimuli (peak water velocity 64 +/- 21 {mu}m s-1) elicited weak (peak force 6.5 dynes) propulsive responses (\"jumps\") and no bioluminescence. Moderate stimuli (1580 +/- 780 {mu}m s-1) produced strong propulsive responses consisting of long trains of coordinated power strokes by the four pairs of swimming legs (\"kicks\"). Peak forces averaged 42 dynes. Strong stimuli (5520 +/- 3420 {mu}m s-1) were required to elicit both a jump and a bioluminescent discharge. In several cases, multiple stimuli were needed to evoke bioluminescence, given the limits on stimulus magnitude imposed by the apparatus. Repeated bioluminescent discharges could be evoked, but this responsiveness waned rapidly. Latencies for the jump response (14 +/- 4 ms) were shorter than for the accompanying bioluminescent discharge (49 +/- 26 ms). The higher threshold for eliciting bioluminescent discharge compared to escape jumps suggests that the copepods save this defense mechanism for what is perceived to be a stronger threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"132-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34801712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic Behavior and Reproduction in Five Species of Corydoras Catfishes (Callichthyidae).","authors":"I M Kaatz,&nbsp;P S Lobel","doi":"10.2307/1542626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1542626","url":null,"abstract":"determine with certainty whether these recordings were made from For this cell, hypothetical excitatory and inhibitory magnitudes are primary afferent axons or from cells of the DON, response patterns approximately equal at all levels, with the excitatory cosine oriclassified as very sharpened or moderately sharpened (40%) were ented at about 36” to the left front, and the inhibitory cosine never observed in over 400 recordings from saccular afferents (2). oriented at about 34” to the right front. The origin of the putative Further work using intracellular recording and neurobiotin injecinhibition remains to be determined, but could arise from the tion will help resolve this ambiguity. contralateral ear via commissural DON connections (6). Figure 1A illustrates directional response patterns of a representative sharpened DON cell in the horizontal plane. Sharpening is level-independent for this cell and results in a responsiveness maximum oriented about 30” to the left front. Idealized cosine responsiveness functions are illustrated in Figure 1B. Clearly, the directional response of the DON cell is not well modeled by a single cosine function. The directional responses of most sharpened cells in the DON are well modeled by a combination of excitation and inhibition from at least two inputs with cosinusoidal directional response patterns. Fitting excitatory and inhibitory cosinusoidal influences to a cell’s directional response function gives the relative magnitudes and orientations of the hypothetical inputs. Research funded by a National Institutes of Health ROl grant to the Parmly Hearing Institute.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"241-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1542626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34802260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}