The Biological bulletin最新文献_第4页

Properties of bacteria that trigger hemocytopenia in the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. 大西洋蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)中引发血细胞减少症的细菌特性。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p164

Nathaniel G Johnson, Louis E Burnett, Karen G Burnett

{"title":"Properties of bacteria that trigger hemocytopenia in the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus.","authors":"Nathaniel G Johnson, Louis E Burnett, Karen G Burnett","doi":"10.1086/BBLv221n2p164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv221n2p164","url":null,"abstract":"In the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, injection with the bacterial pathogen Vibrio campbellii causes a decrease in oxygen consumption. Histological and physiological evidence suggests that the physical obstruction of hemolymph flow through the gill vasculature, caused by aggregations of bacteria and hemocytes, underlies the decrease in aerobic function associated with bacterial infection. We sought to elucidate the bacterial properties sufficient to induce a decrease in circulating hemocytes (hemocytopenia) as an indicator for the initiation of hemocyte aggregation and subsequent impairment of respiration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the primary component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, is known to interact with crustacean hemocytes. Purified LPS was covalently bound to the surfaces of polystyrene beads resembling bacteria in size. Injection of these \"LPS beads\" caused a decrease in circulating hemocytes comparable to that seen with V. campbellii injection, while beads alone failed to do so. These data suggest that in general, gram-negative bacteria could stimulate hemocytopenia. To test this hypothesis, crabs were injected with different bacteria--seven gram-negative and one gram-positive species--and their effects on circulating hemocytes were assessed. With one exception, all gram-negative strains caused decreases in circulating hemocytes, suggesting an important role for LPS in the induction of this response. However, LPS is not necessary to provoke the immune response given that Bacillus coral, a gram-positive species that lacks LPS, caused a decrease in circulating hemocytes. These results suggest that a wide range of bacteria could impair metabolism in C. sapidus.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"164-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/BBLv221n2p164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40119848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Effects of temperature on hatching time and hatchling proportions in a poecilogonous population of Haminoea zelandiae. 温度对泽兰褐藻准亲代群体孵化时间和孵化比例的影响。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p189

Katie Clemens-Seely, Nicole E Phillips

{"title":"Effects of temperature on hatching time and hatchling proportions in a poecilogonous population of Haminoea zelandiae.","authors":"Katie Clemens-Seely, Nicole E Phillips","doi":"10.1086/BBLv221n2p189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv221n2p189","url":null,"abstract":"Poecilogony is a relatively uncommon life-history strategy that results in the production of two different larval forms from the same egg mass (e.g., free-swimming lecithotrophic larvae and post-metamorphic, crawling juveniles). In this study, a population of the opisthobranch gastropod Haminoea zelandiae from Pauatahanui Inlet, New Zealand, was found to exhibit poecilogony. Further, differences in development, hatching times and proportion of hatchlings that were veligers or juveniles were examined for egg masses in two temperature regimes in the laboratory: cool (15-17 °C), and warm (21-23 °C). Hatching proportions were also examined for egg masses collected from the field (where temperatures ranged from 21-23 °C) for varying lengths of time (1 d, 5 d, and 10 d post-spawning). Hatchlings from egg masses in warmer temperatures developed faster and hatched earlier than those in cool temperatures. In the laboratory, egg masses in warm conditions hatched a greater proportion of post-metamorphic juveniles (45.4%) compared to egg masses in cool conditions (24.6%) Further, egg masses that had been in the field 10 d before hatching (i.e., more days at warmer temperatures) exhibited a greater proportion of post-metamorphic juveniles (67.9%) than those that were collected after only 1 d in the field (25.1%). Together these results suggest that temperature may have an important role in mediating dispersal strategies in this poecilogonous species.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"189-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/BBLv221n2p189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40119850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Metamorphic remodeling of a planktotrophic larva to produce the predatory feeding system of a cone snail (Mollusca, Neogastropoda). 浮游营养幼体的变质重塑，以产生锥螺(软体动物，新腹足纲)的掠食性摄食系统。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p176

Louise R Page

{"title":"Metamorphic remodeling of a planktotrophic larva to produce the predatory feeding system of a cone snail (Mollusca, Neogastropoda).","authors":"Louise R Page","doi":"10.1086/BBLv221n2p176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv221n2p176","url":null,"abstract":"I used histological sections and 3D reconstructions to document development through metamorphosis of the foregut and proboscis in the conoidean neogastropod Conus lividus. A goal was to determine how highly derived features of the post-metamorphic feeding system of this gastropod predator develop without interfering with larval structures for microherbivory. A second goal was to compare foregut development in this conoidean with previous observations on foregut development in the buccinoidean neogastropod Nassarius mendicus. These two neogastropods both have a feeding larval stage, but they show major differences in post-metamorphic foregut morphology. Basic events in development of the proboscis and proboscis sheath in C. lividus and N. mendicus were similar. However, the elongate buccal tube of C. lividus forms during metamorphosis as a composite of apical epidermal tissue that grows inward and ventral foregut tissue that extends outward. The larval mouth is not carried through metamorphosis. Comparative observations on foregut development in caenogastropods, which now include data on C. lividus, suggest that the foregut incorporates dorsal and ventral modules having different ontogenetic and functional fates. This developmental modularity may have facilitated evolutionary diversification of the post-metamorphic foregut. Foregut diversification in predatory gastropods may have been further fast-tracked by developmental uncoupling of larval and post-metamorphic mouths.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"176-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/BBLv221n2p176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40119849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Anchor ice and benthic disturbance in shallow Antarctic waters: interspecific variation in initiation and propagation of ice crystals. 南极浅水锚冰和底栖生物扰动:冰晶起始和传播的种间变异。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p155

Mark Denny, Kelly M Dorgan, Dennis Evangelista, Annaliese Hettinger, James Leichter, Warren C Ruder, Idan Tuval

{"title":"Anchor ice and benthic disturbance in shallow Antarctic waters: interspecific variation in initiation and propagation of ice crystals.","authors":"Mark Denny, Kelly M Dorgan, Dennis Evangelista, Annaliese Hettinger, James Leichter, Warren C Ruder, Idan Tuval","doi":"10.1086/BBLv221n2p155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv221n2p155","url":null,"abstract":"Sea ice typically forms at the ocean's surface, but given a source of supercooled water, an unusual form of ice--anchor ice--can grow on objects in the water column or at the seafloor. For several decades, ecologists have considered anchor ice to be an important agent of disturbance in the shallow-water benthic communities of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, and potentially elsewhere in polar seas. Divers have documented anchor ice in the McMurdo communities, and its presence coincides with reduced abundance of the sponge Homaxinella balfourensis, which provides habitat for a diverse assemblage of benthic organisms. However, the mechanism of this disturbance has not been explored. Here we show interspecific differences in anchor-ice formation and propagation characteristics for Antarctic benthic organisms. The sponges H. balfourensis and Suberites caminatus show increased incidence of formation and accelerated spread of ice crystals compared to urchins and sea stars. Anchor ice also forms readily on sediments, from which it can grow and adhere to organisms. Our results are consistent with, and provide a potential first step toward, an explanation for disturbance patterns observed in shallow polar benthic communities. Interspecific differences in ice formation raise questions about how surface tissue characteristics such as surface area, rugosity, and mucus coating affect ice formation on invertebrates.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"155-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/BBLv221n2p155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40119847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Spermatozoon ultrastructure of Gyliauchen sp. (Digenea: Gyliauchenidae), an intestinal parasite of Siganus fuscescens (Pisces: Teleostei). Gyliauchen sp.（双鱼纲：Gyliauchenidae）的精子超微结构。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p197

Y Quilichini, J Foata, J-L Justine, R A Bray, B Marchand

{"title":"Spermatozoon ultrastructure of Gyliauchen sp. (Digenea: Gyliauchenidae), an intestinal parasite of Siganus fuscescens (Pisces: Teleostei).","authors":"Y Quilichini, J Foata, J-L Justine, R A Bray, B Marchand","doi":"10.1086/BBLv221n2p197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv221n2p197","url":null,"abstract":"The ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon of Gyliauchen sp., a parasite of the dusky rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens, was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The spermatozoon possesses two axonemes of the 9+\"1\" pattern of Trepaxonemata, four attachment zones, one mitochondrion, a nucleus, cortical microtubules, external ornamentation of the plasma membrane, and spine-like bodies. The main characteristics of this spermatozoon are the presence of one mitochondrion, spine-like bodies not associated with the external ornamentation, and a posterior extremity of type 3 that is characterized by the following sequence: posterior extremity of the nucleus then posterior extremity of the second axoneme. Numerous other ultrastructural features are also discussed and compared to the digenean spermatology literature. This is the first study of a member of the Gyliauchenidae and the fourth within the Lepocreadioidea. The results show that many ultrastructural characters are variable within this superfamily and could be useful for phylogeny.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/BBLv221n2p197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40119200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Neurogenesis in the procerebrum of the snail Helix aspersa: a quantitative analysis. 螺蛳脑前神经发生的定量分析。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p215

Roger D Longley

{"title":"Neurogenesis in the procerebrum of the snail Helix aspersa: a quantitative analysis.","authors":"Roger D Longley","doi":"10.1086/BBLv221n2p215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv221n2p215","url":null,"abstract":"The procerebrum, a specialized structure for olfaction in terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, contains 20,000 to 50,000 small, uniformly sized neurons that increase in number with age. Here I show the likely source of neurons added to the procerebrum of Helix aspersa and that the rate of neuron addition depends on snail weight. After hatching, during the initial exponential growth phase, H. aspersa adds neurons to the procerebral apex by mitosis and from a cerebral tube. In the logistic growth phase beginning 30-40 days post-hatch, neurons also seem to be added to the procerebrum from the peritentacular and olfactory nerves, causing the rate of neuron addition to approximately double; but as in the earlier exponential growth phase, this rate remains a function of snail weight. This neuron addition throughout the life of the snail can be predicted by snail weight. In the two growth phases, the number of neurons in the procerebrum is given by logarithmic functions of snail weight. The results here for H. aspersa provide the basis for experiments to determine the peripheral origin and destination of neuronal precursors that are added to the procerebrum and to determine how neuron addition affects the function of the procerebrum.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"215-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/BBLv221n2p215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40119202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Accumulation of the major yolk protein and zinc in the agametogenic sea urchin gonad. 无性系海胆生殖腺中主要卵黄蛋白和锌的积累。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p227

Tatsuya Unuma, Sayumi Sawaguchi, Keisuke Yamano, Hiromi Ohta

{"title":"Accumulation of the major yolk protein and zinc in the agametogenic sea urchin gonad.","authors":"Tatsuya Unuma, Sayumi Sawaguchi, Keisuke Yamano, Hiromi Ohta","doi":"10.1086/BBLv221n2p227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv221n2p227","url":null,"abstract":"Sea urchins of both sexes store the nutrients necessary for gametogenesis in nutritive phagocytes of the agametogenic gonad. A zinc-binding protein termed the major yolk protein (MYP) is stored here as two isoforms: the egg-type (predominant in egg yolk granules) and the coelomic fluid-type (a precursor with greater zinc-binding capacity). MYP is used during gametogenesis as material for synthesizing gametic proteins and other components. We investigated its accumulation and relationship to zinc contents in gonads during the non-reproductive season in Pseudocentrotus depressus. MYP constituted most of the protein in coelomic fluid and gonads. Both ovaries and testes grew gradually, accumulating MYP and zinc during the year. Total zinc contents and the ratio of coelomic fluid-type to egg-type protein were higher in ovaries than in testes as gametogenesis approached. Most of the zinc in the coelomic fluid was bound to MYP, and the concentrations of MYP and zinc were elevated toward the onset of oogenesis in the female coelomic fluid. Thus, MYP accumulates in the agametogenic ovaries and testes during the non-reproductive season, playing a role as a carrier to transport zinc to the gonad. Transportation of zinc by MYP is more active in females than in males.","PeriodicalId":153307,"journal":{"name":"The Biological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"227-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/BBLv221n2p227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40119203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Embryonic development and expression analysis of Distal-less in Caprella scaura (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidea). 壳纲、角足纲、角足纲无远端基因胚胎发育及表达分析。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/BBLv221n2p206

Atsushi Ito, Masakazu N Aoki, Kensuke Yahata, Hiroshi Wada

引用次数: 2

Importance of Chemical Communication in Ecology. 化学通讯在生态学中的重要性。

IF 1.6

The Biological bulletin Pub Date : 2000-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/1542521

Richard Zimmer

引用次数: 6

Cellular Mechanisms of Hemolysis by the Protein Limulin, a Sialic-Acid-Specific Lectin From the Plasma of the American Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus. 美洲鲎血浆中唾液酸特异性凝集素鲎蛋白溶血的细胞机制。