Rohan Richard , Alison Lovegrove , Paola Tosi , Richard Casebow , Mervin Poole , Luzie U. Wingen , Simon Griffiths , Peter R. Shewry
{"title":"Genetic analysis of grain protein content and deviation in wheat","authors":"Rohan Richard , Alison Lovegrove , Paola Tosi , Richard Casebow , Mervin Poole , Luzie U. Wingen , Simon Griffiths , Peter R. Shewry","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain protein content (GPC) is generally inversely correlated with grain yield (GY) but some genotypes consistently have higher or lower grain protein contents than predicted by simple regression analysis: this is called grain protein deviation (GPD). Positive GPD reflects greater nitrogen use efficiency and is an important target for breeders to develop more sustainable types of wheat.</div><div>Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of GPC, GY, thousand grain weight (TGW) and GPD using a population of 104 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between two cultivars with positive (Hereward) and negative (Malacca) GPD and grown in replicated randomised field trials over three years. A total of 9 QTL were detected for all traits, five for GPC, two for GPD and one each for GY and TGW. All of the increasing alleles for GPC and GPD and the single QTL for TGW were contributed by Hereward while Malacca contributed the single increasing allele for GY. The two QTLs for GPD located on chromosomes 3A and 5B explained 23.3% and 16.6% of the variance in the sample sets, respectively. Three QTL for GPC (on chromosomes 3A, 3B, 5B) each explained more than 14% of the variance, with those on chromosomes 3A and 5B having similar locations to the GPD QTLs on the same chromosomes. A survey of the gene content between the markers bordering the confidence intervals for the two GPD QTLs on chromosomes 3A and 5B identified 136 and 704 protein coding genes, respectively, including possible candidate genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact dehulling of browntop millet: Its physical and nutritional characterization","authors":"Shagolshem Mukta Singh, P. Srinivasa Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the dehulling characteristics of browntop millet using an impact force-based method, with a focus on the effects of grain moisture content (8, 10, & 12%), impeller operating speed (1100, 1250, & 1400 rpm), and number of passes (NoP) (3, 5, & 7 passes). The responses included dehulling efficiency (DE), head yield (HY), percentage of broken (PoB), milling efficiency (ME), and grain loss (GL). With the increase in impeller speed from 1100 to 1400 rpm, the DE increased from 72.67% to 94.87% while the HY reduced from 57.24 to 38.54%. The optimized levels of the variables were found as 12% moisture content, 1234.93 rpm of impeller speed, and 5.94 NoP, while the DE, HY, PoB, ME, and GL obtained at the optimized levels were found as 76.98%, 42.57%, 3.51%, 70.89%, and 10.81%, respectively. Multivariate analysis was conducted to understand the correlation between the responses. It showed a positive correlation between ME and DE, and an almost null correlation between ME and PoB. The research also examined the alteration in physical properties, proximate composition, anti-nutrients, and functional properties of the grain. The tannin and phytate content reduced after dehulling from 0.64 to 0.26 and 1.04 to 0.81 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the operating factors significantly impacted dehulling characteristics and suggested that impact dehulling offers an effective and efficient approach to processing browntop millet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei-Fei Wu , Huan-Huan Li , Xiao-Tong Zhai , Cong-Cong Qiao , Na-Na Wu , Bin Tan
{"title":"Interaction of brown rice phenolics with starch digestive enzymes and starch-iodine complex: Their effects on rice starch digestion","authors":"Fei-Fei Wu , Huan-Huan Li , Xiao-Tong Zhai , Cong-Cong Qiao , Na-Na Wu , Bin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the interactions of phenolics from three varieties of brown rice with starch digestive enzymes, the starch-iodine complex, and their impact on rice starch digestion. The results indicated that all phenolics markedly inhibited rice starch digestion, with bound phenolics from <em>indica</em> rice showing the most pronounced inhibition. The observation of static fluorescence quenching with a concentration-dependent effect suggested the potential for an interaction between phenolics and starch digestive enzymes. Furthermore, the bound phenolics exhibited enhanced quenching properties in comparison to their corresponding free forms, which is consistent with the starch-iodine binding affinity experiment. The formation of starch-iodine complexes was found to be impeded in the presence of phenolics, which resulted in an alteration of the microstructural arrangement of starch molecules by the phenolics. Moreover, the phenolics resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of resistant starch (RS), accompanied by a concurrent decrease in rapidly digestible starch (RDS). Of these, the effects of indica rice bound phenolics were particularly noteworthy, with a substantial increase in RS content from 7.15% to 24.63%, representing a 2.45-fold increase. The findings highlighted that brown rice phenolics could be an effective means of modulating starch digestibility in starchy foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo de Jesús Mendoza Moreno , Heidi María Palma-Rodríguez , Juan Pablo Hernández-Uribe , Sergio Soto-Simental , José De J. Berrios , Apolonio Vargas-Torres
{"title":"Effect of wheat grain germination time on physicochemical and texture properties, starch digestion, and protein hydrolysis rate in bread making","authors":"Eduardo de Jesús Mendoza Moreno , Heidi María Palma-Rodríguez , Juan Pablo Hernández-Uribe , Sergio Soto-Simental , José De J. Berrios , Apolonio Vargas-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, consumers exhibit heightened interest in the nutritional quality of baked foods. The germination process of wheat affects the chemical composition of flours, the morphological characteristics of starches, and the digestibility properties of proteins and starches. Wheat grains were germinated (GG) for periods of 12 and 48 h. Mixtures were prepared using the germinated flour with different proportion of ungerminated (UG)flour for bread production. The germination time of the wheat grains resulted in alterations in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content of the flours. Germination of wheat for 12-h (GG-12 h) caused a reduction in the values of maximum extension resistance (0.28 N–0.11 N) and maximum extensibility (10.19 mm–4.15 mm) in the dough, when compared to the UG wheat dough. Breads made with germinated flours exhibited a higher specific volume and a lower hardness compared to breads made with ungerminated flour. This is attributed to the enhanced gas retention capacity during fermentation and the interaction of gluten proteins modified by germination. Rapid digestibility of starch (RDS) value in the GG-48 h bread, was lower, 38.18%, compared to UG bread, 44.51%. Conversely, the slow digestibility of starch (SDS) value in the GG-48 h bread was higher, 13.15%, compared to UG bread, 3.32%. Also, the <em>in vitro</em> protein digestibility value in the GG-48 h was higher, 80.32% compared to UG bread, 76.61%, which indicated that the germination process favors the quality of the bread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modified flour of pigmented rice and its structure-activity relationship after hydrothermal pre-treatments: Validation through physicochemical, structural, molecular modelling and simulation insights","authors":"Jayanthi Balakrishnan , Manoj Srinivas Ravi , Thirumalaisamy Rathinavel , Balasubramani Govindasamy , Indra Arulselvi Padikasan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pigmented rices are one of the key staple foods to reverse the type II diabetes. Mappillai samba (MS), pigmented and White Ponni (WP), are mostly used rices in South India. This study focused on antidiabetic activity of modified flours of MS and WP rice upon hydrothermal pretreatments: brown (B), unpolished (UP), and parboiled polished (PP). Modified rice flour exhibited gradual amplification of releasing adequate sugar, starch and amylose. They showed 90.81–80.92 % inhibition in MS than WP's (66.25–49.90 %) against α-amylase, whereas α-glucosidase was high inhibition (88.20–73.30 %) compared to White (40 %). SEM, FTIR, XRD and DSC profiles of modified red and white rice flours provided the essential evidences and correlation for the changes in functional groups, polymerizing degree and thermo-diffraction resulted in metabolite-antidiabetic relationship. Eleven compounds of MS were taken for <em>in</em> <em>silico</em> validation opposing α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Molecular docking of MS rice flour revealed that stigmasterol and cycloartenol displayed highest docking scores of −9.9 and −9.7 kcal/mol, found most effective against diabetic targets. 3D docking pose and 2D plots deliver evidence for MS flour's low glycemic index. This study suggests that consumption of pigmented rice helps to control the blood sugar levels in people with type II diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural analysis of wheat glutenins by diagonal electrophoresis for disulfide bond detection","authors":"Keiko Kizawa , Tatsuya Sonoda , Shizen Ohnishi , Katsuyuki Hayakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gluten is a wheat-specific protein aggregate that strongly affects dough properties and mainly comprises glutenins and gliadins. Glutenins form large complexes through intermolecular disulfide bonds, which have not been fully structurally characterized. Herein, the structures of glutenins in four wheat cultivars were analyzed via CNBr digestion, which resulted in cleavage at methionine residues to afford peptides with molecular weights close to those of intact high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs). The diagonal electrophoresis of these peptides enabled the partial visualization of the disulfide bond–connected glutenin structure. This structure was formed before the mixing of flour and water and was present in all cultivars, with its composition depending on the cultivar-specific glutenin genotype. The constituent proteins were identified as HMW-GSs, low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, α-gliadin, and serpin using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These results demonstrated that HMW-GSs formed a complex with disulfide bonds, even though the cysteines used for head-to-tail bonding were cleaved by CNBr. Until now, the HMW-GSs in glutenins were thought to be linearly disulfide-bonded via head-to-tail bonds. However, our results suggest that the cysteines in the central part are also disulfide-bonded, forming a branched structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie E. Silva-Fernández, Silverio García-Lara, Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar
{"title":"Production and characterization of nixtamalized teosinte–nixtamalized maize tortillas","authors":"Stephanie E. Silva-Fernández, Silverio García-Lara, Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Teosinte is the ancestor of maize, and its fiber-rich caryopses differ considerably from modern maize. Its use as food is limited, although maize is widely consumed. The aim of this study was to produce nixtamalized teosinte (NT)–nixtamalized maize (NM) tortillas produced with different levels of substitution to compare the nutritional, physical and textural properties. Tortillas were prepared using NT, NM, and NT–NM (75%:25%, 50%:50%, and 25%:75%). The NT flour needed additional cooking to form a cohesive and machinable masa for tortilla preparation. Higher contents of NT flour resulted in tortillas with lower energy and higher contents of dietary fiber, ash, fat, and protein. However, as levels of NT increased tortillas were darker, more oval shaped, and had poorer texture. Among composite tortillas, the blend containing 25% NT showed the best properties. Tortillas made from this blend had a similar texture to control tortillas and contained more dietary fiber and fewer calories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can Zhao, Yue Chen, Kunlun Liu, Guangming Liu, Jiaming Lu, Weiling Wang, Zhongyang Huo
{"title":"Excessive nitrogen application reduces eating quality by changing the starch molecular structure and physicochemical properties of inferior grains","authors":"Can Zhao, Yue Chen, Kunlun Liu, Guangming Liu, Jiaming Lu, Weiling Wang, Zhongyang Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nitrogen application rate strongly influences the eating quality (EQ) of rice. However, the starch molecular structure mechanism underlying the differences in taste quality between superior (SG) and inferior grains (IG) and their response to nitrogen application rates must be further studied. In this study, the starch molecular structure (SMS), starch physicochemical properties (SPP) and EQ of SG and IG were determined under four nitrogen application rates (N1:0, N2:195, N3:270 and N4:345 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). We found that the SMS-related indicators of excessive nitrogen application (ENA, N4) were 8.45%–32.59% lower than those of N1. ENA decreased the EQ by 11.2%–30.3%. ENA has a strong influence on both the SMS and SPP. The fa and (fa + fb1)/(fb2 + fb3) of ENA were significantly greater than those of N1. ENA decreased the percentage of A and B chains by 11.2–47.2% and increased the percentage of C chains by 46.8–80.6%. Correlation analysis revealed that the amylose chain length distribution was closely related to the rice EQ. The SMS and SPP of IG were more sensitive to the ENA. The relatively high contents of C chains and fb1 in IG contribute to poor EQ. In summary, the starch physicochemical properties and molecular structure of IG are more susceptible to the effects of ENA, resulting in poor EQ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William E. López-Rodríguez, Jhoselyn L. Ramirez-Gutierrez, Miuller D. Morales Valdiviezo, Janet E. Muñoz-Agreda, Korey S. Paredes-Barrios, Juanita Analí Ponce-Ramirez, Melisa S. Barco-Jara, Maria de Fatima Arevalo-Oliva, Guisela P. Carbajal-Romero, Jorge Domínguez, Gilbert Rodríguez, Elza Aguirre
{"title":"Evaluation of Chenopodium quinoa (Willdenow) malting parameters on the quality of a red Ale craft beer supplemented with Pilsen base malt and caramel malt","authors":"William E. López-Rodríguez, Jhoselyn L. Ramirez-Gutierrez, Miuller D. Morales Valdiviezo, Janet E. Muñoz-Agreda, Korey S. Paredes-Barrios, Juanita Analí Ponce-Ramirez, Melisa S. Barco-Jara, Maria de Fatima Arevalo-Oliva, Guisela P. Carbajal-Romero, Jorge Domínguez, Gilbert Rodríguez, Elza Aguirre","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Craft beer brewing is not a straightforward process as there are key parameters that must be meticulously optimized to obtain a highly acceptable product. This research presents the malting conditions of <em>Chenopodium quinoa</em> and its supplementation with Pilsen base malt and Caramel malt in the production of a craft beer. Here, the effect of the malting temperature of <em>C</em>. <em>quinoa</em> during the soaking (16 and 25 °C), germination (16 and 25 °C), and drying (50 and 60 °C) stages was evaluated. Parameters such as reducing sugars, alcohol content, bitterness, color, pH, foaming capacity, and stability were determined. Moreover, the acceptability of the best formulation was assessed by means of a Hedonic scale. The results suggest that the treatment with soaking temperature at 16 °C, germination at 25 °C, and drying at 60 °C, during malting of <em>C</em>. <em>quinoa</em>, resulted in a craft beer with good parameters and acceptability, making it a promising formulation for industrial development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Ren , Yuheng Zhai , Ying Wan , Dongmin Li , Xiaohu Luo
{"title":"Influence of electron beam irradiation on storage stability and sensory properties of brown rice","authors":"Bin Ren , Yuheng Zhai , Ying Wan , Dongmin Li , Xiaohu Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcs.2024.104102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brown rice is a caryopsis produced after husking of rice, containing various nutrients and functional factors, but its quality is more likely to deteriorate during storage. Thus, in this article, the impact of various irradiation doses of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on storage stability and sensory properties of brown rice were studied. The results indicated that no significant alteration in the moisture content of brown rice after low-dose EBI treatment (<em>p</em> > 0.05). During storage, the lipase activity, as well as the growth rate of fatty acid value of irradiated brown rice decreased. Furthermore, the propagation rate of viable bacteria in brown rice was inhibited after irradiated. Meanwhile, compared with non-irradiated brown rice, the yellowness index and amylose content of irradiated brown rice increased slowly with the prolongation of storage time. Furthermore, both the catalase activity value and germination capacity of brown rice decreased, ultimately resulting in the loss of germination capacity for all samples after 180 days of storage. Low-dose EBI treatment has the potential to postpone the decline in brown rice quality and preserve its sensory attributes. The findings will provide a new technical route for improving grain storage quality and prolonging storage period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15285,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Science","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}